Medieval Stupidity

Jim Welles

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Jim Welles

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Medieval Stupidity. (2019). Global Journal of Human-Social Science, 19(4), 63-80. https://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/view/2773

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References

C. Wickham (2016) Medieval Europe. 19.

T. Cahill (2006) Mysteries of the Middle Ages. 153.

P. Collins (2013) The Birth of the West. 58.

Saul Alinsky (1972) Rules for Radicals. 13.

B. Russell (1945) A History of Western Philosophy. 306.

T. Hodgkinson, H. Bergh (2015) How to Sound Cultured. 250.

S. Greenblatt (2012) The Swerve. 28.

R. Lacey (2007) Great Tales from English History. 2324.

S. Bauer (2010) History of the Medieval World. 256.

I. Mortimer, Millennium (2016) Millennium. 24.

H. Muller (1952) The Uses of the Past. 1952, 211-212.

Bauer. 257-258.

Muller. op. cit. p. 213.

J. Cummins (2006) History's Great Untold Stories. 15.

Muller.

M. Twain (1922) Father Adolf.

J. Hecht (2003) Doubt: A History. 269.

Ferguson (1631) Exodus. 20, 1-10.

Muller. op. cit. p. 260.

Ibid. 259-260.

Ibid. p. 259.

J. Goad (1997) The Redneck Manifesto. 46.

W. Durant (1950) The Age of Faith. 152.

A. (2000) B. A Middle Eat Mosaic.

Cahill. op. cit. p. 190.

H. Wells (1920) The Outline of History. 644.

Wallace Hadrill, J. (1983) The Frankish Church. 1983, 413-414.

Bauer 390.

Wells

Wickham 73-74.

Collins 36-38.

Muller. 252-253.

Voltaire (1756) Essai sur les Moeurs. (Essays on Morals). 1756.

Collins. op. cit. p. 268.

Russell. op. cit. p. 397.

Ibid. p. 399.

D. Reid, Trans (1991) 455 of The Complete Works of Rather of Verona. 452.

Collins. op. cit. p. 82.

(1922) Cambridge Medieval History. II, 455.

Collins. op. cit. p. 84.

Dr Peabody (1926) Russell. op. cit. p. 398.

Mortimer. op. cit. p.

Wells. op. cit. p. 674.

Russell. 407-408.

Mortimer 16.

Wells 674.

Ibid. 674-675.

Russell 414.

A. Toynbee (1972) A Study of History. 202.

Mortimer 58.

R. Tourneau, Le (1969) Le The Almohad Movement in North Africa in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries Princeton University Press; Princeton, NJ. 133-149.

Mortimer

Wells. op. cit. p. 664.

(2018) Matthew. 67, 22: 21. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118588703.ch17

Manchester.

J. Ferejohn, F. Rosenbluth (2017) Forged Through Fire. 88.

Wells 665.

it read Believe what I do or I'll kill you.

Mackay 362-368.

R. Ibrahim (2018) Sword and Scimitar.

J. Riley-Smith, Warriors (1995) Religious Warriors. 67.

F. McLynn (2009) Heroes & Villains. 128.

Mackay (2005) op cit p 354 Riley-Smith, J The Crusades: A Short History Yale University Press; New Haven, CT. 12-22.

P. Babbitt (2008) Terror and Consent. 2008, 25-26.

Mackay 369.

Ibid. 369-370.

D. Danziger, J. Gillingham (2005) Gillingham J 1215. 2005, 54-55.

Russell 434.

E. Durschmied (2016) How Chance and Stupidity Have Changed History.

M. Adams (2016) the Land of Giants. 15.

Russell 439.

Muller 270.

P. Watson (2011) The Great Divide. 2, 445-446.

R. Stark (2005) The Victory of Reason. 2005, 6-7.

Muller

Watson. op. cit. p. 458.

Ibid. p. 446.

Ibid. p. 519.

G. Jones, Marx (2016) Greatness and Illusion. 74.

D. Boorstin (1998) The Seekers. 102.

P. Abelard, Sic, Non Sic et Non. (Yes and No.).

Russell. op. cit. p. 435.

Ibid. p. 441.

T. Lester (2012) Da Vinci's Ghost. 180 and 182.

Greenblatt. 96.

R. Suskind (2008) The Way of the World. 114.

Lester T. 51.

Ibid. p. 52.

M. Chenu (1968) Nature Man, and Society in the Twelfth Century. 10.

William Conches De philosophic muni. I.

Russell 435.

Muller 271.

Hodgkinson, Bergh Hodgkinson and Bergh. op. cit. p. 231.

Russell, Durant 453-454.

Cahill 209-210.

Muller 276.

Hecht 258-259.

Ibid. p. 272.

Mortimer 77.

G. Eliot, R. Ashton (1871) Middlemarch.

A. Grayling (2016) The Age of Genius. 141.

Russell, Durant 1006-1015.

Entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily. http://skepdic.com/occam.html

Russell 303-304.

B. Magee (1998) The Story of Philosophy. 49.

Russell 304.

S. Zweig, Fouché (1930) Joseph Fouché. 4.

Muller (2013) op cit p 269 Cahill, T Heretics and Heroes Anchor Books; New York 2013 p. 139-145.

Danziger, Gillingham 247-248.

Le Goff, J. (1988) Your Money or Your Life: Economy and Religion in the Middle Ages. 29.

Muller Lend without expecting any return. 6, 268-269.

Muller 269.

Ibid. p. 273.

Ibid. p. 275.

Ibid. p. 443.

Durant 763-764.

Ferejohn, Rosenbluth Ferejohn and Rosenbluth. op. cit. p.

Wells, S. O'Shea (2000) The Perfect Heresy. 682-683.

Wells 683.

Muller 279.

Ibid. 279-280.

R. Ibrahim (2018) Sword and Scimitar. 181.

Wells 681.

(1982) Survival Solution. 12.

Watson. op. cit. p. 457.

A. Augustine, St Ain't Nobody's Business.

Wells. 680-681.

M. Cicero De Natura Deorum. 145.

Hecht. op. cit. p. 138.

Manchester. op. cit. p.

Wells. op. cit. p. 678.

Ibid. p. 679.

Cahill (2006) 160-163.

Matthew 10:8. 10.

Russell 449.

Durant 799.

Russell 450.

Durant 802.

Muller 267.

Russell 479.

Wells 686-687.

Mortimer 102.

W. Bernstein (2013) Masters of the Word. 128.

Wells op cit p. 484-486.

Bernstein 132.

Muller 264.

Paraphrase. 258 and 266.

Ibid. p. 265.

Greenblatt 97-98.

M. Felix, Octavius (1931) 345.