Abstract

Lichens diversities are informative indicators for assessing impacts of air pollution climate change environmental health volcanic activities habitat heterogeneity and continuity Lacking roots vascular tissues stomata and waxy cuticle they absorb and accumulate airborne nutrients pollutants from the atmosphere over their entire surface Halogens especially fluorides are released into the atmosphere in large amounts by volcanic eruptions and their pollutants levels in lichens can be determined quantitatively by chemical analysis of species