@incollection{, 4C1D9933095E475AA20BE9258634F6C8 , author={{Ayuk ElizabethOrock} and {A. B.Fonge} and {E. M.Shemang} and {M.Zhai} and {C. E.Suh}}, journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}}, journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS, address={Cambridge, United States}, publisher={Global Journals Organisation}2241935 } @incollection{b0, , title={{Use of bio-monitors to assess the atmospheric changes}} , author={{ SAhmad } and { MDaud } and { IHQureshi }} , journal={{Proceeding Pakistan Academy of Science}} 44 3 , year={2007} } @incollection{b1, , title={{Volcanic plume monitoring at Mount Etna by diffusive (passive) sampling}} , author={{ AAiuppa } and { SBellomo } and { AlessandroWFederico } and { CFerm } and { MValenza } and { M }} , journal={{J. Geophys. Res}} 109 , year={2004} } @incollection{b2, , title={{Factors to consider for trace element deposition bio-monitoring surveys with lichen transplants}} , author={{ SAyrault } and { RClochiatti } and { FCarrot } and { LDaudin } and { JBennett }} 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.10.032 , journal={{The Science of the Total Environment}} 372 , year={2007} } @incollection{b3, , title={{Determination of atmospheric heavy metals using two lichen species in Katni and Rewa cities}} , author={{ RBajpai } and { GKMishra } and { SMohabe } and { DKUpreti } and { SNayaka }} , journal={{India. J. Environ. Biol}} 32 , year={2011} } @incollection{b4, , title={{Accumulation and toxic effect of arsenic and other heavy metals in a contaminated area of West Bengal, India, in the lichen Pyxine cocoes}} , author={{ RBajpai } and { DUpreti }} , journal={{Sw.) Nyl. Ecotox. Environ}} , year={2012} } @book{b5, , title={{}} , author={{ Safe }} 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.06.001 83 } @incollection{b6, , title={{Moss and Lichen Biomonitoring of Atmospheric Mercury: A Review}} , author={{ RBargagli }} 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.202 , journal={{Science of the Total Environment}} 572 31 , year={2016} } @incollection{b7, , title={{Lichens and air pollution}} , author={{ JPBennett }} , journal={{International Society of Enviromental Botanists}} 12 4 , year={2006} } @incollection{b8, , title={{Distribution patterns of usnic acid-producing lichens along local radiation gradients in West Greenland}} , author={{ JWBjerke } and { TDahl }} 10.1127/0029-5035/2002/0075-0487 , journal={{Nova Hedwigia}} 75 , year={2002} } @incollection{b9, , title={{An assessment of epiphytic lichen diversity and environmental quality in Knocksink Wood Nature Reserve}} , author={{ LBrodeková } and { AGilmer } and { PDowding } and { HFox } and { GuttováA }} 10.3318/BIOE.2006.106.3.215 , journal={{Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy}} 106 , year={2006} , note={Biology} } @book{b10, , title={{Lichens of North America}} , author={{ IMBrodo } and { SDSharnoff } and { SSharnoff }} , year={2001} , publisher={Yale University Press} , address={New Haven} } @incollection{b11, , title={{Weathering of rocks induced by lichen colonization}} , author={{ JChen } and { HBlume } and { LBeyer }} 10.1016/S0341-8162(99 , journal={{Catena}} 39 , year={2000} } @incollection{b12, , title={{Lichens as a tool for biogeochemical prospecting}} , author={{ MKChettri } and { TSawidis } and { SKarataglis }} 10.1016/S0341-8162 , journal={{Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety}} 38 3 , year={1997} } @book{b13, , title={{Trace elements deposition in the Tierra del Fuego region (south Patagonia) by using lichen transplants after the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle (north Patagonia) volcanic eruption in 2011. Environmental Science Pollution Research International}} , author={{ MEConti } and { RJasan } and { MGFinoia } and { IIavicoli } and { RPlá }} , year={2016} 23 } @incollection{b14, , title={{Environmental impacts on health from continuous volcanic activity at Yasur (Tanna) and Ambrym, Vanuatu}} , author={{ SCronin } and { DSharp }} , journal={{Int. J. Environ. Health Res}} 12 123 , year={2002} } @incollection{b15, , title={{Future directions in lichen chemistry}} , author={{ CFCulberson } and { WLCulberson }} 10.1639/0007-2745 , journal={{The Bryologist}} 104 104 , year={2001. 2001} , note={0230: fdilc]2.0.CO} } @incollection{b16, , title={{Biomonitoring by epiphytic lichen species Pyxine cocoes (Sw.) Nyl.: Understanding characteristics of trace metal in ambient air of different land uses in mid-Brahmaputra Valley}} , author={{ RDaimari }} 10.1007/s10661-019-8007-x , journal={{Environ. Monit. Assess}} 192 , year={2020} } @book{b17, , title={{Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon}} , author={{ MWDelancey } and { DDMark }} , year={2000} , note={3rd ed.} } @book{b18, , title={{}} , author={{ MarylandLanham }} , publisher={The Scarecrow Press} } @incollection{b19, , title={{Mount Cameroon: an active volcano of the Cameroon Line}} , author={{ BDéruelle } and { N'ni } and { RKombou }} , journal={{Journal of African Earth Science}} 6 2 , year={1997} } @incollection{b20, , title={{Fluoride fact on human health and health problems: A review}} , author={{ SDey } and { BGiri }} , journal={{Medical and Clinical Reviews}} 2 2 , year={2015} } @book{b21, , title={{}} , author={{ PS. LDiana } and { VPatrícia } and { SantosArmindo Dos }} 10.5772/intechopen.86058 , year={2019} , note={Environmental Health IntechOpen} } @incollection{b22, , title={{Air Pollution and Air Quality}} , author={{ NDonahue }} , booktitle={{Green Chemistry: An Inclusive Approach}} , publisher={Elsevier} , year={2018} } @incollection{b23, , title={{Fluoride in the context of the environment}} , author={{ MGGarcia } and { LBorgnino }} , booktitle={{Chemistry, Analysis, Function and Effects}} , editor={ VRPreedy } London , publisher={The Royal Society of Chemistry} , year={2015} } @book{b24, , title={{}} , author={{ JGarty } and { TLevin } and { YCohen } and { HLehr }} , year={2002} } @incollection{b25, , title={{Bio-accumulation behaviour of transplants of the lichen Flavoparmelia caperata in relation to total deposition at a polluted location in Portugal}} , author={{ RMGodinho } and { HTWolterbeek } and { TGVerburg } and { MCFreitas }} 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1150213.x25 , journal={{Environmental Pollution}} 115 2 , year={2008} , note={Physiologia Plantarum} } @incollection{b26, , title={{Using of lichens for assessment of uranium atmosphere pollution}} , author={{ AGolubev } and { VGolubeva } and { AKorableva } and { NKrylov } and { VKuznetsova } and { SMavrin } and { Aleinikov } and { A }} , journal={{Environment}} 3 36 , year={2006} } @incollection{b27, , title={{Lichens as bioindicators in volcanic areas: Mt. Etna and Vulcano Island (Italy)}} , author={{ MFGrasso } and { RClocchiatti } and { FCarrot } and { Deschamps } and { FVurro }} , journal={{Environmental Geology}} 37 , year={1999} } @incollection{b28, , title={{Epiphytic lichen diversity on dead and dying conifers under different levels of atmospheric pollution}} , author={{ MHauck }} 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.09.021 , journal={{Environmental Pollution}} 135 , year={2005} } @incollection{b29, , title={{Production of oxalates in vitro by microbes isolated from rock surfaces with prehistoric paints in the Lower Pecos Region}} , author={{ DHess } and { DJCoker } and { JMLoutsch } and { Russ } and { J }} 10.1002/gea.20208 , journal={{Texas. Geoarchaeology}} 23 1 , year={2008} } @incollection{b30, , title={{Diversity of lichens along altitudinal and land use gradients in the Trans Himalayan cold desert of Ladakh}} , author={{ KJatinder } and { KRoshni } and { RHimanshu } and { DKUpreti } and { ATayade } and { SHota } and { OPChaurasia } and { RBSrivastava }} 10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.97104 , journal={{Nature and Science}} 10 4 , year={2012} } @incollection{b31, , title={{The characteristics of rare earth elements in bulk precipitation, through fall, foliage and lichens in the Lesní potok catchment and its vicinity}} , author={{ SJitka } and { NTomás } and { RJan } and { MMartin } and { KPetra } and { PetraSLudek }} , journal={{Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment}} 10 , year={2010} , note={Analysis} } @incollection{b32, , title={{Lichen bioindication of biodiversity, air quality and climate: baseline results from monitoring in Washington}} , author={{ SJovans }} , journal={{Oregon and California. General Technical Report}} , year={2008} } @incollection{b33, , title={{Corticolous lichens as environmental indicators in urban areas in southern Brazil}} , author={{ MIKäffer } and { SM D AMartins } and { CAlves } and { VCPereira } and { JFachel } and { VM FVargas }} , journal={{Ecological Indicators}} 11 5 , year={2011} } @incollection{b34, , title={{Diversity of epiphytic lichens and their role in sequestration of atmospheric metals}} , author={{ SKar } and { ACSamal } and { JPMaity } and { SSantra }} 10.1007/s13762-013-0270-8 , journal={{Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol}} 11 , year={2014} } @incollection{b35, , title={{Macroscopic changes of Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. in antropogenic stress conditions}} , author={{ MJó?wiak }} , journal={{Monit. ?rod. Przyr}} 13 , year={2012} } @incollection{b36, , title={{Lichen and bryophyte distribution on oak in London in relation to air pollution and bark acidity}} , author={{ RSLarsen } and { JN BBell } and { PWJames } and { PJChimonides } and { FJRumsey } and { ATremper } and { OWPurvis }} 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.033 , journal={{Environmental Pollution}} 146 , year={2007} } @incollection{b37, , title={{Biological role of lichen substances}} , author={{ JDLawrey }} 10.2307/3242751 , journal={{The Bryologist}} 89 , year={1986} } @incollection{b38, , title={{Safety evaluation of fluoride content in tea infusions consumed in the Azores -a volcanic region with water springs naturally enriched in fluoride}} , author={{ DLinhares } and { PGarcia } and { TFerreira } and { Rodrigues }} , journal={{Biological Trace Element Research}} 179 , year={2017} } @incollection{b39, , title={{The use of lichen functional group asindicators of air quality in a mediterranean urban environment}} , author={{ ELlop } and { PPinho } and { PMatos } and { MJPereira } and { CBranquinho }} 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.06.005 , journal={{Ecological Indicators}} 13 , year={2012} } @incollection{b40, , title={{Epiphytic lichens as sentinels for heavy metal pollution at forest ecosystems (central Italy)}} , author={{ SLoppi } and { SAPirintsos }} 10.1016/S0269-7491(02 , journal={{Environmental Pollution}} 121 , year={2003} } @incollection{b41, , title={{Leaves of Pittosporum tobira as indicators of airborne trace element and PM10 distribution in central Italy}} , author={{ GLorenzini } and { CGrassi } and { CNali } and { APetti } and { SLoppi } and { LTognoti }} , journal={{Atmospheric Environment}} 40 22 , year={2006} } @incollection{b42, , title={{A new method to assess air pollution using lichens as bio-indicators}} , author={{ JMonge-Nájera } and { IGMaría } and { RRMarta } and { VHMéndez }} , journal={{Revista de Biological Tropical}} 50 1 , year={2002} } @book{b43, , title={{London: The Natural History Museum}} , author={{ JMorris } and { WPurvis }} , year={2007} 19 , note={Lichens (Life)} } @incollection{b44, , title={{Physiological response of the epiphytic lichen Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach.to ecologically relevant nitrogen concentrations}} , author={{ SMunzi } and { LPaoli } and { EFiorini } and { SLoppi }} 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.07.001 , journal={{Environmental Pollution}} 171 , year={2012} } @incollection{b45, , title={{Moss and Lichen Biomonitoring of Atmospheric Pollution in the Western Cape Province (South Africa)}} , author={{ NBNdlovu } and { MVFrontasyeva } and { RTNewman } and { PMaleka }} 10.4236/ajac.2019.103008 , journal={{American Journal of Analytical Chemistry}} 10 , year={2019} } @book{b46, , title={{Persistence of epiphytic lichens along a tephra-depth gradient produced by the 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption in Parque Nacional}} , author={{ PRNelson } and { TBWheeler }} , year={2016} 37 , address={Puyehue, Chile. Bosque} } @incollection{b47, , title={{Accumulation of volcanogenic fluoride by vegetation: Mt}} , author={{ GNotcutt } and { FDavies }} 10.1016/0377-0273(89 , journal={{Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research}} 329 333 , year={1989} } @incollection{b48, , title={{Lichen functional groups as ecological indicators of the effects of land-use in Mediterranean ecosystems}} , author={{ PPinhoa } and { ABergamini } and { PCarvalhod } and { CBranquinhoa } and { SStofer } and { SScheidegger } and { CMáguas } and { C }} 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.09.022 , journal={{Ecological Indicators}} 15 , year={2012} } @incollection{b49, , title={{The use of epiphytic Antarctic lichens (Usnea aurantiacoatra and U. antarctica) to determine deposition patterns of heavy metals in the Shetland Islands}} , author={{ APoblet } and { SAndrade } and { MScagliola } and { CVodopivez } and { ACurtosi } and { APucci } and { JMarcovecchio }} , journal={{Antarctica. Science of the Total Environment}} 207 2-3 , year={1997} } @incollection{b50, , title={{Periodic monitoring with lichen Phaeophyscia hispidula (ach.) Moberg in Dehradun city}} , author={{ MRani } and { VShukla } and { DKUpreti } and { GSRajwar }} , journal={{The Environmentalist}} 31 4 , year={2011} } @incollection{b51, , title={{Diffuse emission of organic trace gases from the flank and the crater of a quiescent active volcano}} , author={{ FMSchwandner } and { TMSeward } and { APGize } and { PAHall } and { VDietrich }} , journal={{J. Geophys.Res}} 109 D04301 , year={2004} } @book{b52, , title={{Lichens to Biomonitor the Environment}} , author={{ VShukla } and { DKUpreti } and { RBajpai }} 10.1007/978-81-322-1503-5 , year={2014} } @incollection{b53, , title={{Investigation of trace element atmospheric pollution by nuclear analytical techniques at a global scale: Harmonised approaches supported by the IAEA}} , author={{ BSmodis }} 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.08.007 , journal={{Journal of Environmental Management}} 85 , year={2007} } @book{b54, , title={{Epiphytic lichen ramalina as indicator of atmospheric metal deposition, along land use gradients in and around binsar Wildlife Sanctuary}} , author={{ KSrivastava } and { PBhattacharya } and { HRai } and { PNag } and { RKGupta }} , year={2015} , publisher={Progress and Prosp} , address={Kumaun, Western Himalaya; India} } @incollection{b55, , title={{Lichen Diversity and Lichen Transplants as Monitors of Air Pollution in a Rural Area of Central Italy}} , author={{ LuisaStefano } and { F }} 10.1007/s10661-006-4937-1 , journal={{Environmental Monitoring and Assessment}} 114 , year={2006} } @incollection{b56, , title={{Olivine-hosted glass inclusions from Scoriae erupted in 1954-2000 at Mount Cameroon volcano, West Africa}} , author={{ CESuh } and { JFLuhr } and { MSNjome }} 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.004 , journal={{Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research}} 169 , year={2008} } @incollection{b57, , title={{The 1999 and 2000 eruptions of Mount Cameroon: eruption behaviour and petrochemistry of lava}} , author={{ CESuh } and { RS JSparks } and { JGFitton } and { SNAyonghe } and { CAnnen } and { RNana } and { ALuckman }} 10.1007/s00445-004-0388-0 , journal={{Bulletin}} 65 , year={2003} } @book{b58, , title={{Peroxyacetyl nitrates (PAN) and other minor pollutants. Recognition of Air Pollutant Injury to Vegetation: A Pictorial Atlas. 2nd Edition. Air and waste management association}} , author={{ PJTemple } and { JE JSun } and { GH MKrause }} , year={1998} , address={Pittsburgh} } @incollection{b59, , title={{Long-term monitoring in the Netherlands suggests that lichens respond to global warming}} , author={{ CMVan Herk } and { AAptroot } and { HFVan Dobben }} 10.1006/lich.2002.0378 , journal={{Lichenologist}} 34 2 , year={2002} } @incollection{b60, , title={{Regional variation in the chemical composition of winter snow pack and terricolous lichens in relation to sources of acid emissions in the Usa river basin, northeast European Russia}} , author={{ TRWalker } and { PDCrittenden } and { SDYoung }} S0269-7491(03)00080-0 , journal={{Environmental}} 125 , year={2003} } @incollection{b61, , title={{Fluoride}} , author={{ LHWeinstein } and { ADavison } and { UArndt }} , booktitle={{Recognition of Air Pollutant Injury to Vegetation: A Pictorial Atlas. 2 nd Edition}} Pittsburgh, PA , year={1998} } @incollection{b62, , title={{WHO (2002) Fluorides. Geneva, World Health Organization}} , journal={{Environmental Health Criteria}} 227 268 }