Governance, Deterrence, and National Homicide Rate
Keywords:
homicide; deterrence theory; governance; cross-national study; macro-level analysis
Abstract
By extending the deterrence theory to national level, the current study tested the hypothesis that ineffective government is largely responsible for higher homicide rate in a nation. The homicide data required for the test were collected from the World Health Organization and the information on governance from the World Bank's World Governance Indicators for 122 nations. The results from the regression models supported the deterrence theory. An ineffective and dysfunctional government was one of the primary sources for a nation's high homicide rate. Also, other control variables, such as relative poverty and ethnic heterogeneity, were positively related to the homicide rate in a nation.
Downloads
- Article PDF
- TEI XML Kaleidoscope (download in zip)* (Beta by AI)
- Lens* NISO JATS XML (Beta by AI)
- HTML Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- DBK XML Kaleidoscope (download in zip)* (Beta by AI)
- LaTeX pdf Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- EPUB Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- MD Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- FO Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- BIB Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- LaTeX Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
How to Cite
References
Omar Azfar (2005) Government Effectiveness and Homicides.
O Azfar, T Gurgur (2005) Government effectiveness, crime rates and crime reporting.
Alberto Alesina, Arnaud Devleeschauwer, William Easterly, Sergio Kurlat, Romain Wacziarg (2003) Fractionalization. 8(2), 155-194.
D Archer, R Gartner (1984) Violence and crime in cross-national perspective.
D Archer, R Gartner, M Beittel (1983) Homicide and the death penalty: A cross-national test of a deterrence hypothesis. 74, 991-1013.
W Avison, P Loring (1986) Population diversity and cross-national homicide: The effects of inequality and heterogeneity. 24, 733-749.
O Bar-Gill, A Harel (2001) Crime rates and expected sanctions: The economics of deterrence revisited. 30, 485-501.
Judith Blau, Peter Blau (1982) The Cost of Inequality: Metropolitan Structure and Violent Crime. 47(1), 114.
J Braithwaite (1989) Crime, Shame and Reintegration. By J. Braithwaite. (Pp. 226; illustrated; £9.95.) Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. 1989.. 19(4), 1053-1053.
J Braithwaite, V Braithwaite (1980) The effect of income inequality and social democracy on homicide. 20, 45-53.
A Butchart, K Engstrom (2002) Sex-and agespecific relations between economic development, economic inequality and homicide rates in people aged 0-24 years: A cross-sectional analysis. 80, 797-805.
Mitchell Chamlin, John Cochran (2006) Economic Inequality, Legitimacy, and Cross-National Homicide Rates. 10(4), 231-252.
D Chon (2002) Medical resources and national homicide rates: A cross-national assessment.
Don Chon (2012) The Impact of Population Heterogeneity and Income Inequality on Homicide Rates. 56(5), 730-748.
Dale Cloninger, Roberto Marchesini (2001) Execution and deterrence: a quasi-controlled group experiment. 33(5), 569-576.
J Cole, A Gramajo (2009) Homicide rates in a cross-section of countries: Evidence and interpretations. 35, 749-776.
P Cook (1980) Research in criminal deterrence: Laying the groundwork for the second decade. 2, 211-268.
H Dezhbakhsh, P Rubin, J Shepherd (2003) Does capital punishment have a deterrent effect? New evidence from post moratorium panel data. 5, 344-376.
James Fearon (2011) Homicide Data, Third Revision.
Rosemary Gartner (1990) The Victims of Homicide: A Temporal and Cross-National Comparison. 55(1), 92.
D Greenberg, V West (2008) Siting the death penalty internationally. 33, 295-343.
H Hansmann, J Quigley (1982) Population heterogeneity and the sociogenesis of homicide. 61, 206-224.
M Hillbrand (2001) Homicide-suicide and other forms of co-occurring aggression against self and against others. 32, 626-635.
(2002) International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL).
Herbert Jacob, Michael Rich (1980) The Effects of the Police on Crime: A Second Look. 15(1), 109-122.
S Karstedt (2006) Democracy, values, and violence: Paradoxes, tensions, and comparative advantages of liberal inclusion. 605, 50-81.
Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay (2002) Growth without Governance. 3(1), 169-229.
Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay, Massimo Mastruzzi (2004) Governance Matters IV : Governance Indicators For 1996-2004.
D Kaufmann, A Kraay, M Mastruzzi (2007) Growth and Governance: A Reply. 69, 555-562.
D Kaufmann, A Kraay, M Mastruzzi (2008) Governance matters VII: Aggregated and individual governance indicators 1996-2007.
Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay, Massimo Mastruzzi (2011) The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues. 3(02), 220-246.
E Kick, G Lafree (1985) Development and the social context of murder and theft. 8, 37-58.
Harvey Krahn, Timothy Hartnagel, John Gartrell (1986) INCOME INEQUALITY AND HOMICIDE RATES: CROSS‐NATIONAL DATA AND CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES. 24(2), 269-294.
G Lafree (1998) Losing legitimacy: Street crime and the decline of social institutions in America. 1-30.
G Lafree (2005) Evidence for elite convergence in cross-national homicide victimization trends, 1965 to 2000. 46, 191-211.
Gary La Free, Kriss Drass (2002) COUNTING CRIME BOOMS AMONG NATIONS: EVIDENCE FOR HOMICIDE VICTIMIZATION RATES, 1956 TO 1998*. 40(4), 769-800.
Matthew Lee, William Bankston (1999) political structure, economic inequality,and homicide: a cross-national analysis. 20(1), 27-55.
Matthew Lee, Michael Maume, Graham Ousey (2003) Social Isolation and Lethal Violence Across the Metro/Nonmetro Divide: The Effects of Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Poverty Concentration on Homicide*. 68(1), 107-131.
S Levitt (1996) The effect of prison population size on crime rates: Evidence from prison overcrowding litigation. 111, 319-351.
S Levitt (1997) Using electoral cycles in police hiring to estimate the effect of police on crime. 87, 270-290.
C Loftin, D Mcdowall (1982) The police, crime, and economic theory: An assessment. 47, 393-401.
Heather Marquette (2001) Corruption, democracy and the World Bank. 36(4), 395-407.
T Marvell, C Moody (1996) Specification problems, police levels, and crime rates. 34, 609-646.
Thomas Marvell, Carlisle Moody (1997) The Impact of Prison Growth on Homicide. 1(3), 205-233.
L Mcdonald (1976) The sociology of law and order.
S Messner (1989) Economic discrimination and societal homicide rates: Further evidence on the cost of inequality. 54, 597-611.
Steven Messner, Lawrence Raffalovich, Peter Shrock (2002) Reassessing the Cross-National Relationship Between Income Inequality and Homicide Rates: Implications of Data Quality Control in the Measurement of Income Distribution. 18(4), 377-395.
Terance Miethe, David Mcdowall (1993) Contextual Effects in Models of Criminal Victimization. 71(3), 741.
H Mocan, R Gittings (2003) Getting off Death Row: Commuted Sentences and the Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment. 46(2), 453-478.
D Nagin (1998) Criminal deterrence research at the outset of the twenty-first century. 23, 1-42.
Jerome Neapolitan (1994) Cross-National Variation in Homicides: The Case of Latin America. 4(1), 4-22.
J Neapolitan (2003) Explaining variation in crime victimization across nations and within nations. 13, 76-89.
Amy Nivette, Manuel Eisner (2012) Do legitimate polities have fewer homicides? A cross-national analysis. 17(1), 3-26.
R O'brien, J Stockard (2006) A Common Explanation for the Changing Age Distributions of Suicide and Homicide in the United States, 1930 to 2000. 84(3), 1539-1557.
F Pampel, J Williamson (2001) Age Patterns of Suicide and Homicide Mortality Rates in High-Income Nations. 80(1), 251-282.
T Pratt, T Godsey (2003) Social support, inequality, and homicide: A cross-national test of an integrated theoretical model. 41, 611-643.
L Reid, H Weiss, R Adelman, C Jaret (2005) The immigration-crime relationship: Evidence across US metropolitan areas. 34, 757-780.
R Rosenfeld, E Baumer, S Messner (2001) Social Capital and Homicide. 80(1), 283-310.
R Sampson, J Cohen (1988) Deterrent effects and crime: Testing social-disorganization theory. 94, 774-802.
L Shelley (2003) Crime and corruption: Entering problems of post-Soviet development. 11, 110-114.
C Shaw, H Mckay (1942) Juvenile delinquency and urban areas.
J Shepherd (2001) Criminal deterrence as a public health strategy. 358, 1717-1722.
J Shepherd (2005) Deterrence versus brutalization: Capital punishment's differing impacts among states. 104, 203-256.
Lawrence Sherman (1993) Defiance, Deterrence, and Irrelevance: A Theory of the Criminal Sanction. 30(4), 445-473.
J Stamatel (2009) Correlates of National-level Homicide Variation in Post-Communist East-Central Europe. 87(3), 1423-1448.
H Sung (2004) Democracy and political corruption: A cross-national comparison. 41, 179-194.
Hung-En Sung (2006) Democracy and Criminal Justice in Cross-National Perspective: From Crime Control to Due Process. 605(1), 311-337.
(2001) Human Development Report 2001.
(2003) Technical notes on the statistical tables. 2-14.
Charles Tittle, Alan Rowe (1974) Certainty of Arrest and Crime Rates: A Further Test of the Deterrence Hypothesis. 52(4), 455.
S Vollum, V Titterington (2001) Gender, attributional styles, and direction of lethal violence. 5, 227-252.
R Wilkinson, K Pickett (2005) Income inequality and population health: A review and explanation of the evidence. 62, 1768-1784.
J Wilson, B Boland (1976) Crime. 179-230.
D Washington (2022) Washington, DC.
James Wilson, Barbara Boland (1978) The Effect of the Police on Crime. 12(3), 367-390.
Peter Wood (2007) Exploring the Positive Punishment Effect Among Incarcerated Adult Offenders. 31(2), 8-22.
(2003) State-Building.
(2006) The global burden of disease: 2004 update.
Xun Wu (2008) Determinants of Bribery in Asian Firms: Evidence from the World Business Environment Survey. 87(1), 75-88.
P Zimmerman (2009) Statistical Variability and the Deterrent Effect of the Death Penalty. 11(2), 370-398.
Published
2013-09-19
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2013 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.