Social and Economic Transformation - International Scan and Lessons Learnt

Authors

  • Nokuhle Madolo-Mtegha

  • Hudson Mtegha

Keywords:

transformation; affirmative action; social and economic inclusion; equality

Abstract

Transformation is a necessity in many economies to address social, political and economic inequality. Addressing it normally takes the form of affirmative action. This paper reviews transformation in four selected countries, namely, Malaysia, The United States of America, Brazil and New Zealand. The paper concludes that effective transformation policies need enforcement, strong incentives and good monitoring. It also concludes that affirmative action is a process and not an event.

How to Cite

Social and Economic Transformation - International Scan and Lessons Learnt. (2019). Global Journal of Human-Social Science, 19(E2), 19-28. https://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/view/101811

References

K Törnudd (1966) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 308-327.

(1989) No. 14531. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 16 December 1966. 406-406.

(1979) The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in.

(1840) Te Tiriti o Waitangi / The Treaty of Waitangi, 1840.

Birdsall, R Sabot (1991) Unfair Advantage-Labour Market Discrimination in Developing Countries.

W Bowen, D Bok (1998) The shape of the river. Long-term consequences of considering race in colleges and university admissions.

(1995) The Affirmative Action Debate.

J Drabble (2000) An Economic History of Malaysia, c. 1800-1990: The Transition to Modern Economic Growth.

G Horne (1992) Emergence of Affirmative Action. 9-14.

S Pious (2003) Ten Myths About Affirmative Action. 52(4), 25-31.

M Shireen (1998) Income Inequality and Poverty in Malaysia.

H Sklar (1995) Chaos or Community: Seeking Solutions, Not Scapegoat for Bad Economic Boston.

P Smit (1999) Strategic planning, selected readings. 20(5), 137.

Paul Spickard, Francisco Beltrán, Laura Hooton (2007) Immigration, Race, Ethnicity, Colonialism. 1-26.

S Steele (1990) The Control of our character. A new vision of race in America.

B Stoop (2000) Historical Foundations of South African Private Law.

E Telles (2008) Race in Another America: The significance of Skin Colour in Brazil.

F Abdullah (1997) Affirmative Action Policy in Malaysia: To restructure society, to eradicate poverty. XV(2), 38-45.

I Emsley (1996) The Malaysian Experience of Affirmative Action; Lessons from South Africa, with a foreword by.

Gertrude Ezorsky (1991) Racism and Justice.

G Fredrickson (2008) Diverse Nations, Exploration in the history of racial and ethnic pluralism.

J Furnivall (1956) Colonial Policy and Practice.

J Galbraith (1978) Strategy Implementation: The Role of Structure and Process.

A& Hines, P Bishop (2006) Thinking about the Future: Guidelines for Strategic Foresight. 10(1), 79-80.

Social and Economic Transformation – International Scan and Lessons Learnt

Published

2019-03-19

How to Cite

Social and Economic Transformation - International Scan and Lessons Learnt. (2019). Global Journal of Human-Social Science, 19(E2), 19-28. https://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/view/101811