Abstract

This article discusses the activities of the Abbasid caliphs in Egypt It is known that the Abbasid caliphate which collapsed after the Mongol invasion of Baghdad in 1258 to legitimize its political domination and rule because the Mamluks were originally slaves was succeeded in 1261 by one of the Mamluk sultans Sultan Zahir Beybars in Cairo after which they managed to get the Abbasid caliphate residence in Cairo In the XIII-XV centuries Egypt had a special place among the countries of the Middle East due to the activities of the Mamluks The establishment of Mamluk domination in Egyptian history the rise of military Mamluk rulers the rise of naval Mamluk sultans 1250-1382 and the political processes of the bourgeois Circassian Mamluk period 1282-1517 have a special place in the Middle East Due to their victories in the struggles with the Crusaders and the Mongols the prestige of the Mamluk sultans increased The caliphate in Cairo legitimized the rule of Egypt by the Mamluks and served as a spiritual food against the Mongols and the Crusaders