Community Service Sentencing and Its Challenges in Implementation: A Case Study for Zambia
Keywords:
community service sentencing, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), recidivism, custodial sentencing, rehabilitation, reintegration, punishment
Abstract
This article presents the challenges of the implementation of community service sentencing in Zambia. This study defines what community service sentencing is and further highlights the advantages and disadvantages of community service sentencing. It discusses community service sentencing in Zambia based on variables such as the historical context, implementation and challenges. The study further delves into other areas such as the legal framework of community service sentencing in Zambia, an exploration of the roles of Non-Governmental Organizations on these sentencings, effectiveness and impact of community service sentencing. It will go further and provide a comparative analysis of community service sentences in other countries to Zambia and conclude by identifying gaps and issues that exist after the thorough research.
Downloads
How to Cite
References
(2019) annual-report-of-the-interamerican-commission-on-human-rights-2011-chapter-iii-petitions-and-cases-before-the-interamerican-commission-on-human-rights.
J Smith (2017) The Impact of Community Service Sentencing on Offender Rehabilitation. 25(3), 123-135.
(2016) Handbook on Non-Custodial Measures.
Abere Church, David Marcus, Zachary Hamilton (2021) Community Service Outcomes in Justice-Involved Youth: Comparing Restorative Community Service to Standard Community Service. 48(9), 1243-1260.
(2020) Community corrections in China: Balancing punishment and rehabilitation.
(2019) Implementing community sentencing in India: Challenges and opportunities.
(2018) Community service as an alternative to imprisonment in Argentina.
(2017) Community Development as Engagement.
(2020) Community service programs for juvenile offenders in Brazil.
D Andrews, James Bonta (2010) The Psychology of Criminal Conduct.
(2021) Community service programs in Australia: A focus on rehabilitation and community benefit.
William Bales, Alex Piquero (2012) Assessing the impact of imprisonment on recidivism. 8(1), 71-101.
Gordon Bazemore, Mara Schiff (2013) Juvenile Justice Reform and Restorative Justice. 67-93.
Gordon Bazemore, Mark Umbreit (1995) Rethinking the Sanctioning Function in Juvenile Court: Retributive or Restorative Responses to Youth Crime. 41(3), 296-316.
(2020) Current Population Survey, September 2011: Volunteer Supplement.
T Clear, N Frost (2014) The punishment imperative: The rise and failure of mass incarceration in America.
(2020) Community-Based Sentencing: The Perspectives of Crime Victims.
F Cullen, C Jonson (2017) Rehabilitation and treatment programs. 1-22.
Gerry Gaes (2008) Cost, performance studies look at prison privatization.
J Horney, I Marshall (2012) Community service as an alternative to incarceration. 40(3), 207-214.
(2021) Community service in Iceland: A restorative justice approach.
(2019) 4 Opportunities for Community and Victim Participation and Sentencing Discretion in Conventional Sentencing. 45-64.
B Johnson, J Steiner (2018) The long-term effects of community service sentences on recidivism. 56, 12.
A Jones (2019) NGO-Led Programs for Offender Rehabilitation: Impact and Challenges. 22(4), 78-92.
(2019) Promoting rehabilitation through community service in Kenya.
Thomas Lebel, Ros Burnett, Shadd Maruna, Shawn Bushway (2008) The `Chicken and Egg' of Subjective and Social Factors in Desistance from Crime. 5(2), 131-159.
E Latessa, C Lowenkamp (2006) What correctional programs work?. 1-22.
F Mcneill, S Maruna (2007) Giving up and giving back: Desistance, generativity and social work with offenders. 224-239.
Lawrence Sherman, Heather Strang (2012) Restorative Justice as Evidence-Based Sentencing.
Faye Taxman, Douglas Marlowe (2006) Risk, Needs, Responsivity: In Action or Inaction?. 52(1), 3-6.
J Smith (2018) Punishment without walls: Community service sentences in New York City. 15(2), 177-178.
(2017) Monitoring compliance with community service orders in Uganda.
C Uggen (2000) Work as a turning point in the life course of criminals: A duration model of age, employment, and recidivism. 65(4), 529-546.
Christopher Uggen, Jennifer Janikula (1999) Volunteerism and Arrest in the Transition to Adulthood. 78(1), 331.
(2017) Promoting Community-Based Alternatives to Imprisonment: A Practical Guide.
Dr. Modise (2020) Reforming the South African Police Service: Challenges and Opportunities. 59-90.
I Waller, L Wilkins (2016) Community service orders: The development and principal findings of research.
I Waller, L Wilkins (1978) Community service orders: The development of a new penalty.
(2018) Enhancing community development through community service in Zimbabwe.
Published
2024-12-31
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.