@incollection{,
	
					
					
					90B6CBAE96C641C67C0529687F52F582
				,
	author={{BarrYounker} and {Auburn University at Montgomery}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}},
	journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1342736
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{Race-sensitive choices by police officers in traffic stop encounters}}
		,
	author={{
			CBarnum
		} and {
			RPerfetti
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Police Quarterly}}
		
			13
			2
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Police-citizen encounters and field citations: Do encounter characteristics influence ticketing?}}
		,
	author={{
			RBrown
		} and {
			JFrank
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Policing: International Journal of Police Strategy and Management}}
		
			28
			3
			
			,
	year={2005. 2004}
		
	
	,
	note={in text cite}

}

@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Foreword: Addressing the real world of racial injustice in the criminal justice system}}
		,
	author={{
			DCoker
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology}}
		
			93
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{Discretion and discrimination reconsidered: a response to the new criminal justice scholarship}}
		,
	author={{
			DCole
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Georgetown Law Journal}}
		
			,
	year={1999. February 13. 2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Relationship between multicultural training for police and effective law enforcement}}
		,
	author={{
			GConderoni
		} and {
			JCorrell
		} and {
			BPark
		} and {
			CJudd
		} and {
			MCharles
		} and {
			CWittenbrink
		} and {
			MSadler
		} and {
			TKeesee
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Personality and Psychology}}
		
			71
			11
			
			,
	year={2002. 2007}
		
	
	,
	note={FBI Bulletin}

}

@incollection{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{National organization of Black law enforcement executives: Bias-based policing}}
		,
	author={{
			RLDavis
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Women Police}}
		
			35
			2
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@book{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{Driving while Black: a comparison of the beliefs, concerns, and behaviors of Black and White Maryland drivers}}
		,
	author={{
			KDebnam
		} and {
			KBeck
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Traffic Injury Prevention}}
		
			12
			6
			599
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Media hype, racial profiling, and good science}}
		,
	author={{
			ADGold
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice}}
		
			43
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Driving while Black and all other traffic offenses: The Supreme Court and pretextual traffic stops}}
		,
	author={{
			DAHarris
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology}}
		
			87
			
			,
	year={1997}
		
	

}

@book{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Driving while Black: Racial profiling on our nation's highways}}
		,
	author={{
			DAHarris
		}}
		
			,
	year={1999}
			,
	publisher={American Civil Liberties Union}
			,
	address={NY}
		
	

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Profiles in injustice: Why racial profiling cannot work}}
		,
	author={{
			DAHarris
		} and {
			RIoimo
		} and {
			RTears
		} and {
			LMeadows
		} and {
			JBecton
		} and {
			MCharles
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Police Quarterly}}
		
			10
			3
			
			,
	year={2002. 2007}
		
	
	,
	note={The police view of bias-based policing}

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Comparing urban and rural police views of bias-based policing}}
		,
	author={{
			RIoimo
		} and {
			BBecton
		} and {
			LMeadows
		} and {
			RTears
		} and {
			MCharles
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Professional Issues in Criminal Justice}}
		
			6
			1&2
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{Are police-reported driving while Black data a valid indicator of the race and ethnicity of the traffic law violators police stop? A negative answer with minor qualifications}}
		,
	author={{
			RLundman
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Criminal Justice}}
		
			38
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Driving while Black: Effects of race, ethnicity, and gender on citizen self-reports of traffic stops and police actions}}
		,
	author={{
			RLundman
		} and {
			RKaufman
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Criminology}}
		
			41
			1
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Target prototypicality moderates racial bias in the decision to shoot}}
		,
	author={{
			DMa
		} and {
			JCorrell
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Experimental Social Psychology}}
		
			47
			3
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@book{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{Driving while Black is part of the burden of being Black}}
		,
	author={{
			VMartin
		}}
		
			,
	year={1999. July 13}
			A11
			,
	address={Baltimore Sun}
		
	

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{How roadway composition matters in analyzing police data on racial profiling}}
		,
	author={{
			AMeehan
		} and {
			MPonder
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Police Quarterly}}
		
			5
			306
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Driving across campus: Assessing the impact of drivers' race and gender on police traffic enforcement actions}}
		,
	author={{
			BMoon
		} and {
			CCorely
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Criminal Justice}}
		
			35
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{United States v}}
		,
	author={{
			JPelic
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Arvizu. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology}}
		
			93
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@book{b20,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			RSingleton
		} and {
			BStraits
		}}
		
		,
	title={{Approaches to societal research}}
				New York
		
			,
	publisher={Oxford University Press}
			,
	year={1999}
			
		
	
	,
	note={3rd ed.}

}

@incollection{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{Racial differences in resolving conflicts}}
		,
	author={{
			ISun
		} and {
			BPayne
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Crime and Delinquency}}
		
			50
			4
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@incollection{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{The art of the unseen: three challenges for racial profiling}}
		,
	author={{
			FThomsen
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Ethics}}
		
			15
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{Self-reports of police speeding stops by race: Results from the North Carolina reverse record check survey}}
		,
	author={{
			DTmaskovic-Davey
		} and {
			CWright
		} and {
			RCzaja
		} and {
			KMiller
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Quantitative Criminology}}
		
			22
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Searching for the denominator: Problems with police traffic stop data and an early warning system solution}}
		,
	author={{
			SWalker
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Justice Research Policy}}
		
			3
			1
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{Citizens'perceptions of police misconduct: Race and neighborhood context}}
		,
	author={{
			RWeitzer
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Justice Quarterly}}
		
			16
			
			,
	year={1999}
		
	

}