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             \author[1]{anayakhan35  }

             \affil[1]{  UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA, PAKISTAN}

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\date{\small \em Received: 16 December 2012 Accepted: 4 January 2013 Published: 15 January 2013}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


The intended end of this study is to trace the connection between language and ideology and how these connections are advocated in the evaluation of spoken texts, in keeping with the Socio Cognitive Model (2002) of Van Dijk. This study is also intended to explain that the political talk shows telecast byvarious private TV channels are apparent and conducive devices of ideology and concealed contexts and meanings which are not always vivid for readers and the viewers. The researchers attempted to explore how the ideologies are portrayed in these shows through the analysis of a programme of a very popular talk show of a private television channel of Pakistan. It also suggests that these talk shows bewilder the agency of systems by using various tactics. In other words, critical text analyses reveal how these selections lead debaters to manipulate the relations of agency and power in the representation of action to create specific connotations which are not always vivid for all readers and the viewers.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{TV channels, power, CDA (critical discourse analysis), socio cognitive model, ideology.}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 \par
Introduction "...using a language involves something that goes beyond the acquisition of structures and the ability to make appropriate choices in the realizations of the particular language functions."  {\ref (Yalden, 1987)} A salient feature of language phenomenon is that it has the capability to evaluate the type of utterances and expressions which are formed by others. In natural discourse utterances, like the oral discourses, utterances are always extempore. It means they are often found with wrong starts, pauses, un-ended remarks, etc. They are not correct grammatically, nor are they considered so by the grammarians. Whenever someone comes to know to the dialogues, specially the "recorded" ones, as they are usually in use of a critical analysis because the human mind is apt towards errors, the recordings would carry out many deductions and amongst them would be the commencement of the fact that, not a single piece of recording would be really Author ¥ § : Department of English University of Sargodha, Pakistan. E-mail : anayakhan35@yahoo.com making any sense. In other words, they are the deficient, incomplete sentences in grammar. In linked or joined discourse, the word "utterances" is commonly taken into consideration, whatthe people actually say take in terms of 'write'. This term does not confine to any kind of sentences, in fact, it covers all types of it, even, small sounds like "uh-huh", "hmm", etc.impart the whole meanings as they convey a complete sense.\par
"?there has been a widening of the field of research to include the external functioning of the verbal code as well, what people do with words. The emphasis in such an approach shifts from structure and grammar to function and communicative competence, from assembling structures to doing things with utterances, from sentence in isolation to the utterance in context. This, then, is the domain of discourse analysis ?? The description of process whereby we create and relate, organize and realize meaning." \hyperref[b3]{(Riley, 1985,} It is important to note that Discourse analysis is not completed, without difficult structures just as coherence and cohesion which complete the whole procedure of analyzing the discourse in written from or in speech. The former implies to the idea of derivation of the given context with the involvement of text with the participant. Context matters a lot as it gives the knowledge to the reader about that particular relation, culture, intensions, etc. in which something was being written or said. Cohesion may refer to the linking devices, which add up to the meaning of coherences into the discourse or text. 
\section[{II.}]{II.} 
\section[{Aims of Discourse Analysis}]{Aims of Discourse Analysis}\par
It is one of the major complexities of language that it has so many concealed, functional and morphological meanings which are not obvious at times. Discourse analysis just helps us to revealthose hiddenmeanings, be it any position or in form of the text. One of its major purposes is to demonstrate how some specific linguistic items tend to enhance the skilfulness of language users in their communication. Discourses can be containing one or two words but it is nevertheless, full of secret meanings. Discourse analysis enables us to encode that very code which is embedded even in messages like, "PRAYER TIME" (It denotes that there will be a short interval on the score of offering prayer). anguage cannot be confined to a single phenomenon and its application has even broader span. The term "discourse" can be used in a wider sense. It connotes something spoken or written in routine practice of language. Denotative meanings are ever different from the contextual and real meanings and the purpose of discourse is to reveal how speech patterns are functioning in a specific frame work and how they are being practised in the public.  
\section[{Global}]{Global} 
\section[{G}]{G} 
\section[{Critical Discourse Analysis}]{Critical Discourse Analysis}\par
The very name of this kind explains itself.It refers to the introduction of the idea where discourse analysis is observed critically in order to trace out the power control by which the discourse is affected.\par
"Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a type of discourse analytical research that primarily studies the way social power abuse, dominance, and inequality are enacted, reproduced, and resisted by text and talk in the social and political context."  {\ref (van Dijk,2001, p. 352)} The facts are emphasised through Critical discourse analysis when it is evaluated critically. These facts and figures serve as a key role to reveal the ascendant powers which are either in the forms of organizations or are found on an individual level. Through CDA the manipulations or the texts which are being used otherwise in the political settings are magnified. All these manipulations are very much conducive in determining the sociologicalinfluence of a group of people over the society or on another group of people.\par
Van Dijk (1996), opines "one of the central tasks of CDA is to account for the relationships between discourse and social power" (p.84). According to Van Dijk (2000), "If there is one notion often related to ideology it is that of power" (p.25). Social power refers to the hold of one group, be it an organization or an institution, over another. Whatever we say, our each and every utterance has a particular knowledge hidden inside it. Dr.  {\ref McGregor (2004)} in his paper states that "our words are never neutral". Critical discourse analysis observations are conducted as to how different meanings in a society are conveyed through text or by the demonstration of power.This makes the fact even more vivid and clearer.\par
"CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis) sees itself as politically involved research"  {\ref (Titscher et al, 2000, p.147)}.\par
One of the aims of CDA is to help the analyst to decode the concealed boundaries and the ideologies which are prevalent in the society and have established their own school of thought. It is considered that attitudes influence the way we behave in a society. Media, as an instrument for reshapingattitudes, "are not simply vehicles for delivering information. Theyguide the ideological stance of the reader"  {\ref (Reath 1998, p.50)}. Different media affect our understanding and knowledge of the world we live in, when they employ a specific language. In effect, the language of media is not authentic since it is determined and administered by dominant world-views or ideologies or as Fowler (1991, p.11) said, "The world of the press is not the real world, but a world skewed and judged" Furthermore, within a society the parties or the organizations have their own personal interests. In addition to this the ones in power are brought forth and are unmasked interms of their agendas. Owing to this, the ones downtrodden and wronged are also given a chance to have their say and raise their voice publicly. 
\section[{IV.}]{IV.} 
\section[{Application of cda}]{Application of cda}\par
Basically the present research paper aims at critically analyzing the veiled objectives of politicians and the involvement of anchors via analyzing certain talk shows telecast on private television channels. In this study, as Fowler (1991) maintained, "I am not gunning for the (media)" but scrutinizing the structures of a selected political talk show of TV channel for the aim of making clear relationship between structure and meaning."\par
V. 
\section[{Sample}]{Sample}\par
Show: * "Tonight with Jasmeen" Telecast on:\par
January 22, 2013. Samma T.V. Anchor: JasmeenManzoor Guests:\par
Mehreen Anwar Raja (PPP) Aabidshair Ali (PML, N) UmerRiazAbbaasi (PAT) VI. 
\section[{Opening and Background}]{Opening and Background}\par
It is one of the most viewed shows in Pakistan and it aims at shedding lustre upon the "other side" of the political stage of the country. Use of "intended" pun, Derogatory remarks and playing with words is made use of in the said show, whereby CDA is applied and the power domination of certain parties shall be exposed via unmasking the concealed designs. 
\section[{VII.}]{VII.} 
\section[{Topic under Discussion}]{Topic under Discussion}\par
The said show was telecasted on January 22, 2013 on Sama TV at 20.00 hrs in the wake of a whole new hot-issue, "Islamabad Long March Daclaration, and Dr.Taahir-ul-Qadri's statements". This said issue at that time and perhaps still is, one of the most "hotly debated" causing a major unrest on the political scenario of our country. The topic of discussion may be, 'The difference in Dr. Taahir-ul-Qadri's sayings and Actions'. Dr.Qadri's statement;Text. 
\section[{English translation:}]{English translation:}\par
Come to me and answer me.These robbers don't dare face Tahir-ul-Qadri. They and their falserepresentatives speak sub-rosa on TV channels"\par
The number of guests participating in the show was three, all representing different and major political parties of Pakistan. Each one of them representing his/her party was defending his side and raising his Volume XIII Issue W III Version I views to overthrow the other specially Dr Tahir-ul-Qadri. In addition to these three, there was a representative of P A T \{PAKISTAN AWAMI THEREEK MINHAAJ-UL-QURAN\} named UmerRiazAbbasi. He was there to answer the question raised by the anchor and to defend Thereek-e-Minhaaj-ul-Quran as well as their leader Dr Tahir-ul-Qadri.\par
First of all the anchor showed some video clips of Dr Tahir-ul-Qadri's current statements on the political system and the political leaders of Pakistan.Theanchor focussed on the guests one by one to reveal how the parties in oppositionwill react to the statements and also to the questions raised in the episode. Their expression, the selection of their words andtheir complete dominance over the subject matters and the hidden agendas is intended to be exposed in this section.\par
VIII. 
\section[{Analysis}]{Analysis}\par
Dr. AllamaTahir-ul-Qadri has been a cleric, a Religious scholar for a long time.\par
Dr. AllamaTahir-ul-Qadriis a Pakistani writer, religiousscholar, political, scientist, poet,doctor, educationist, professor, social reformer and human rights activist. He isthe founder of Pakistan AwamiTehreek and chairman of Minhaj-ul-Quran Movement International.\par
Pakistan Awami Tehreek is a unique political party of Pakistan having a network at the gross root level in all provinces of Pakistan and abroad as well. The workers and supporters of the Tehreek are contributing in social, religious as well as a political sector of Pakistan under the guidance of their leader.\par
Minhaj-ul-Quran Movement International has established its network in more than eighty countries around the globe, as a non-political, spectral movement or N G O.\par
Before his departure to Canada, Dr. TahirulQadri had been in Pakistan for a long time. He is in possession of a Canadian Nationality too. Recently he came to Pakistan and delivered a successful address at Minhaj-e-Pakistan Lahore on 23 rd Dec 2012 which definitely created a hustle and bustle in Pakistani Political scenario. He floated his famous slogan "I have come to save the state, not politics" and majority of the masses swallowed the bait.\par
Thus he seemed to emphasise on change and revolution. Dr Qadri landed in Pakistan at a critical juncture of our domestic politics. It raised a question in everybody's mind why he chose this very time??\par
Secondly, the most striking feature of his Islamabad Long March Declaration was the agreement between him and Govt.\par
This declaration was termed as a revolution. Thousands of people of the LONG MARCH who staged sit-in before parliament house included women and children and they bore the brunt of the extreme weather for several days.\par
The terms agreed to unanimously include a provision of 30 days for preclearance and security of nomination papers by election commission according to 62 63 of the commission.\par
The treasury will submit two names for the caretaker prime minister of Pakistan, who ought to be honest and impartial.\par
It was also agreed to implement electoral reforms as contained within the constitution and Supreme Court order of June 8, 2012.\par
Dr.Qadri asked President Zardari to send a delegation to hold talks over his demands or 'lose the last chance of saving peace'\par
It is also mentioned in his declaration that no criminal charges will be made against any member of the long march.\par
This was all the background of it. The most striking news in media at the time is:\par
1. The difference in Dr Qadri's statement is matter of religion too.\par
2. Long march was a very excellent start to resume his political career in the country.\par
3. The worth of his agreement.\par
The anchor then starts off by raising different issues and points from Dr Qadri's statements and his Islamabad Long March Declaration.\par
The anchor has also shown a video clip of Dr Qadri's giving a Fatwa some fifteen or twenty year ago.\par
She highlights his statements on long march warning the govt against its diffidence to negotiate with him.\par
She also highlights Dr Qadri's accusations against the govt with abusive language. He said that the rulers are robbers and rascals and have no courage to come before him to answers the allegations against them.\par
But suddenly Mr. Qadri's tone and attitude took a U-turn when the govt delegate came to negotiate with him. Heoffered them a warm welcome. They embraced one another. They also did not hesitate to praise one another who seemed to have a lot of bad blood a short while ago.After accusing and threatening them constantly for four days, his hugging them could not be rationalized by many if not all.\par
Then she highlights the fact that Minhaj-ul-Quran is registered as a capital N G O and its charter says that you cannot perform any political activity by raising the funds from public. She asks how Dr. Qadri can say that people even sold their gold and devote their passions. Thus she tries to bring out a stark contrast between his saying and actions.\par
The anchor refers to one of Dr Qadri's statements:  
\section[{Volume XIII Issue W III Version I}]{Volume XIII Issue W III Version I}\par
This sort of phrases is helpful in detecting the hidden incentives through CDA. It is enough to warn others not to be taken in by this kind of joke.\par
This statement has its own critical value as he is praying to God and directly saying nothing to anyone.He is not supposed to answer to any one regarding this. However, sub-rosa and indirectly he means a lot when he terms govt of the time and president Asif Ali Zardari as ZALIM (CRUEL) and YAZEED respectively.\par
Thus his invoking to GOD to dethrone the Yazeedseems nothing more than a demagogue's slogan is replete with irony.\par
He was calling the president of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari Yazeed flagrantly sheer to fulfil his demands which were formed Islamabad Long March Declaration. He pretends that these demands are made for the welfare and benefit of the entire nation. On the other hand he calls all coalition parties corrupt and dishonest. After the settlement of the terms of Declaration he thus expresses his rapture: "Congratulate that Long March which saved the assemblies and also paved a way to the reforms...."\par
This statement of his can be driven out of two possibilities First, that this Long March has made the way to refine the corrupt electoral system and assemblies of Pakistan.\par
Secondly, he may be saying that he is succeeded to derail the PPP; the most corrupt party, because they are in govt and he has been accusing the govt body.\par
According to the terms of Declaration, the assemblies will be resolved any time before 16 th March 2013 And after that the Articles 62 and 63 will be implemented on electoral system. Consequently, according to the terms of Declaration the corrupt assemblies will come to an end. Now the anchor raises the issue of contrast in Dr Qadri's statements and shows her audience an old video clip of him, in which he is saying, "The Holy Prophet PBUH came to me in my dreams last night and he was so angry. He said to me that he was angry with all the Pakistanis. He PBUH saidthe religious leaders and religious scholars invited him but they did not host him well and that he was angry with Pakistan and was going back. At this, I implored the Holy Prophet PBUH and sought his for giveness. Then he PBUH told me that he would stay if only I arranged his residence, food, travel and the air ticket to Madina."\par
Now the issue was raised what he wanted to covey by this statement and this FATWA. The question arises in every body's mind that:\par
Holy Prophet PBUH, says the anchor, is a light for the entire Muslim community irrespective of age and boundaries of the globe. We need Intercession of the Holy Prophet PBUH to seek forgiveness from Allah. We believe that he have angels at hands in his service. How ridiculous, how nonsense piece of fabrication is it! How he PBUH could ask demagogue for resident ticket and all that? How far is it possible? So this is a big contradiction in Dr Qadri's statements. On one hand, he has written hundreds of books in the love of the Holy Prophet PBUH but on the other hand what he is saying about him PBUH.\par
Abid Sher Ali from PML [N], one of the guests, commenting on that Says; 
\section[{English translation}]{English translation}\par
He is the one who stated in Denmark that the blasphemy law is merely implemented on Muslims and not on Non-Muslims. Then he stated after coming in Pakistan that blasphemy law is implemented on everyone. Can this be called the Love for Holy Prophet (PBUH)????" IX. 
\section[{Analysis}]{Analysis}\par
Now we can easily figure outtwo or three possibilities or meanings from this kind of comments and criticism.\par
First of all we cannot prove one wrong after looking on just the selective and cut short lines and video clips of someone, without studying the whole story.\par
They just include some of cut short lines of Dr Tahir-ul-Qadri just because of his entry in politics and his direct attack on present govt and laws.\par
They are politicians of the time. How can they all prove him wrong in one way or the other?\par
Secondly, Dr Tahir-ul-Qadri says that he was not consulted during the rule of General Zia-ul-Haq.\par
So according to this he is not involved in making decisions of blasphemy law. So his statements shown in the programme can be said to be contradictory.\par
The 3 rd and the most important thing is why Dr Qadri is being so much criticised by govt, PPP, PML [N]?\par
Now point to be noted is that a well known great religious scholar having his NGOs offices in more than 80 countries of the world is all of a sudden being criticised badly, especially, by the politicians?\par
Is it on the basis of that only long march he has held in Islamabad ?\par
There are always others factors behind it i.e And according to another statement of Aabid Sher Ali PML [N] in the same show:\par
Dr Qadri had once worked for Mian Nawaz Shreef in his mosque and Mr. Shareef helped him to go to America for the medical check-up of his heart ailment. So now they have a reason to turn against him as he had been their supporter. But now he is going against his benefactors and even accusing them publicly and calling the govt corrupt and fulfilling his demands by using the poor and innocent public.\par
Mehreen Anwar Raja from PPP at this instant says that according to Dr Sahib this Long March was arranged from heavens, So if it was arranged by GOD and heavens, why GOD sent rain on his poor creature already bearing the freezing weather. Dr Qadri says:English translation X. 
\section[{Analysis}]{Analysis}\par
This statement of him may have resulted out of the fact that he is assuring the leaders of the political parties to be disloyal un-courteous, robbers and much more.\par
And as if they have no courage to face the truth [Dr Qadri] and they cannot come before he costautly used giving warnings to come to him.\par
And when the delegation of so-called corrupt and dishonest people came to him, he embraced them and praised them and signed an agreement with them.\par
It offers a stark contrast between his own statements as he had been calling them "robbers, rascals, yazeeds erstwhile ago but now he is embracing them and exchanging smiles with the same people.\par
Another statement of Aabid Sher Ali in the same show comes:\par
Dr Qadri sent congratulations when Supreme Court ordered thearrest ofprime minister Raja Pervaiz Ashraf and then Dr. Sahib went to the same prime minster for his signature to approve the agreement.\par
So the signature ought to be void for Dr Qadri and his party because they no longer wanted Raja Pervaiz Ashraf to be the P M of Pakistan and they became so happy at the Supreme Court order of arresting the PM.\par
So here comes the obvious contradiction between the words and the actionsof Dr Qadri when he is seeking the PM signature for the approval of his Islamabad Long March Declaration. 
\section[{XI. Discussion}]{XI. Discussion}\par
All TV shows have got the use of different strategies to expose the hidden truth and topropagate them to the public. In both of these shows the ways adopted in order to project the manipulated truths differ from one another. In the first case the anchor starts off by engaging the representatives of different parties in a hot topic. On the other hand, the second show was anchor-based show because it had a great deal of anchor's own self involvement in order to dig out the truth from the online guest. From both these analyses, there are several things deducible. Firstly, the nature of these shows varies and one may see it very clearly. The show is perhaps limited to the anchor and the one-onone communication; where only the anchor poses the questions for the one she is communicating on the telephone. On the other hand, the show had acompletely different pattern because there the anchor was actively involved with three other guests, and there the host was deliberately offering a punch to the sentiments by giving the opposite party, or the one in power, the most beneficial position. Secondly, the use of telephonic conversation is there in both the shows. This kind of conversation has its own importance. Apart from the cross communications, it also tends to shed lustre on the fact that the one on telephone has no option to choose but dropping the line in order to escape the questions pelted on him/her. 
\section[{XII. Influential Source of the Research}]{XII. Influential Source of the Research}\par
Many a model has been constructed on CDA till this present day and researchers will continue to do so in the future as well. In this research, van Dijk's model for political and media discourse is used. For he aims at the fact that in our daily lives, we tend to forget how important words such as "our" and "them" are, as their usage can give birth to certain debatable points which, when observed with a critical eye, have a greater chance of colouring it all otherwise. He thus opines:\par
"?events and actions maybe described with a syntactic variation that are a function of the underlying involvement of the actors (e.g. their agency, responsibility and perspectives)."\par
We can therefore conclude that it is the very fact of the whole being of this paper as it determines the very hidden traits of individuals who are here analyzed and their possible outlook is magnified as to make a difference between what "is" and what "it actually was". 
\section[{XIII. Conclusion}]{XIII. Conclusion}\par
This fact is to be acknowledged that each show or anchor and their respective agendas do serve as an epitome of a single public-dominated society. For gaininga social power and the favour of public, there are some tactics which should be adopted. Given the power of the written and spoken CDA aims at describing, "Tumhary andar agar ikhlaaq he sach he, me ne tumko daavat di the tmaam syasi jamaaton k leader mery samny aakar bethain" *By unmasking these truths CDA scholars' aims to support the victims of such oppressionsand encourage them to transform their lives. The objective of CDA is to unmask and uncover the social and ideological assumptions that are hidden in words or oral speech and CDA scholars are exercising power over the words."\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}\&}\end{figure}
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