@incollection{, 5C8DBE4D42085EAFC5ACD044280A3BFF , author={{Dr HiltrudNassmacher} and {University of Oldenburg}}, journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}}, journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS, address={Cambridge, United States}, publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1335565 } @book{b0, , title={{}} , author={{ HKAnheier }} , year={1997} } @book{b1, , title={{Der Dritte Sektor in Zahlen: einsozial-ökonomisches Portrait}} , author={{ HKAnheier } and { HKAnheier }} , year={1997} } @book{b2, , author={{ HKAnheier } and { EPriller } and { WSeibel }} , title={{Der DritteSektor in Deutschland. Organizational zwischen Staatund Marktimgesell schaftlichen Wandel}} , editor={ AZimmer } Berlin , publisher={Rainer Bohn} } @book{b3, , author={{ BJBarber } and { Berkely }} , title={{Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics in a New Age}} , publisher={University of California Press} , year={1984} } @book{b4, , author={{ JBogumil }} , title={{Modernisierunglokaler Politik}} Baden-Baden; Nomos , year={2001} } @book{b5, , author={{ JBogumil } and { LHoltkamp }} , title={{Die Bürgerkommuneals Zusammenspiel von representative, direkter und cooperative Demokratie (Hagen: Arbeitspapiereaus der Fernuniversität}} , year={2002} 55 } @book{b6, , title={{Who Governs?}} , author={{ RADahl }} , year={1961} , address={New Haven & London} Yale University } @incollection{b7, , title={{New Forms of Democracy? Reform and Transformation of Democratic Institutions}} , author={{ RJDalton } and { SEScarrow } and { BECain }} , booktitle={{Democracy Transformed? Expanding Political Opportunities in Advance Industrial Democracies)}} , editor={ BECain RJDalton SEScarrow } Oxford , publisher={University Press} , year={2003} } @incollection{b8, , title={{Beating the clock: Strategic Management under the Threat of Direct Democracy}} , author={{ TLEly } and { BJacob }} , journal={{Public Administration Review}} 73 , year={2013} } @incollection{b9, , title={{Electoral Reform and Political Pluralism in Local Government}} , author={{ MEvans }} , booktitle={{Party Politics}} , year={2010} 16 } @incollection{b10, , title={{Parlamentarisierung der Kommunalpolitik}} , author={{ RFrey } and { K.-HNassmacher }} , journal={{Archiv für Kommunal wissenschaft}} 14 2 , year={1975} } @book{b11, , title={{Political Parties and local democracy}} , author={{ CGame } and { SLeach }} , editor={Pratchett, L./Wilson, D.} , year={1996} } @book{b12, , title={{The Local Party as an Object of Interdisciplinary Comparative Study: Some Steps Toward Theoretical Integration}} , author={{ HGeser }} , editor={Saiz, M. /Geser, H.} , year={1999} } @book{b13, , title={{From Amateurs to Professionals: The Changing Face of Local Elected Representatives in Europe', Local Government Studies}} , author={{ EGuerin } and { EKerrouche }} , year={2008} 34 } @book{b14, , author={{ FHunter }} , title={{Community Power Structure}} Chapel Hill , year={1953} University of North Carolina } @incollection{b15, , title={{Local Governance in Western Europe}} , author={{ PJohn } and { London }} , journal={{Sage)}} , year={2001} } @book{b16, , title={{Local Parties in Comparative Perspective}} , author={{ PJohn } and { MSaiz }} , editor={Saiz, M. /Geser, H.} , year={1999. 2013} } @incollection{b17, , title={{}} , journal={{Local Democracy Revisited © 2013 Global Journals Inc}} } @incollection{b18, , title={{Politik ohne Parteien}} , author={{ PKevenhörster }} , booktitle={{Vom Milieu zur Volkspartei (Königstein/Ts.: Athenäum)}} , editor={ HKühr } , year={1979} } @book{b19, , title={{Rethinking Local Democracy}} , author={{ Houndmills }} , editor={King, D. & Stoker, G.} , year={1996} , publisher={Macmillan} } @book{b20, , author={{ VKunz }} , title={{Parteien und kommunale Haushaltspolitik im Städtevergleich, Eine empirische Analyse zum Einfluß partei politischer Mehrheiten}} Opladen , publisher={Leske + Budrich} , year={2000} } @book{b21, , title={{Political Parties and local Democracy}} , author={{ CGame } and { SLeach }} , editor={Pratchett, L. /Wilson, D.} , year={1996} } @book{b22, , author={{ ALadner }} , title={{Politische Gemeinde, kommunale Parteien und locale Politik}} Zürich , year={1991} , note={: Seismo)} } @incollection{b23, , title={{Does Direct Democracy Matter for Political Parties}} , author={{ ALadner } and { MBrändle }} , booktitle={{Party Politics}} , year={1999} 5 } @book{b24, , title={{Trends in Public Participation: Part 2-Citizens Perspectives}} , author={{ VLowndes }} , year={2001} } @incollection{b25, , title={{Responsible Political Parties and the Decentering of American Metropolitan Areas}} , author={{ MMargolis } and { DResnick } and { Lanham }} , booktitle={{The State of the Parties. The Changing Role of Contemporary American Parties}} , editor={ JCGreen DMShea } , publisher={Rowman & Little field} , year={1996} } @incollection{b26, , title={{Alberta's local Governments and their}} , author={{ JMasson }} , journal={{Politics}} , year={1985} } @book{b27, , title={{Das soziale Ehrenamt. Nützliche Arbeit zum Nulltarif}} , editor={ SMüller TRauschenberg } Weinheim/München; Juventa, 2 nd , year={2002} } @book{b28, , title={{Die Bedeutung der Kommu nen und der Kommunalpolitikfür den Aufstieg neuer Parteien, Zeitschriftfür Parlamentsfragen}} , author={{ HNaßmacher }} , year={2001} 32 } @book{b29, , title={{}} , author={{ HNaßmacher }} , year={2006} , publisher={VS Verlagfür Sozialwissenschaften} , address={Baustelle Stadt (Wiesbaden} } @book{b30, , title={{Kommunalpolitik in Deutschland}} , author={{ HNaßmacher } and { K.-HNaßmacher }} , year={2007} , publisher={VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften} , address={Wiesbaden} , note={nd ed.} } @incollection{b31, , title={{How Electoral Systems Can Influence Policy Innovation}} , author={{ SOrellana }} , journal={{Policy Studies Journal}} 38 4 , year={2010} } @incollection{b32, , title={{Power to the People. A pervasive web will increase demands for direct democracy}} , author={{ OV }} , booktitle={{The Economist}} , year={2003. January 25 th} } @book{b33, , title={{Feminism and the Attractions of the Local}} , author={{ APhillips }} , editor={King, D. /Stoker, G.} , year={1996} } @book{b34, , title={{Municipal Management Tools from 1976 to 1993: An Overview and Update', Public Productivity and Management Review}} , author={{ THPoister } and { G&streib }} , year={1994} 18 } @book{b35, , title={{Elements of Strategic Planning and Management in Municipal Government: Status after Two Decades'? Public Administration Review}} , author={{ THPoister } and { GStreib }} , year={2005} 65 } @book{b36, , title={{New Technologies and the Modernization of Local Government: An Analysis of Biases and Constraints}} , author={{ LPratchett }} , year={1999} } @book{b37, , title={{Local Democracy and Local Government}} , editor={ LPratchett DavidWilson } New York , publisher={St. Martin´s´} , year={1996} } @book{b38, , author={{ DPrior }} , title={{Citizenship. Rights Community and Participation}} London , publisher={Pitman} , year={1995} } @incollection{b39, , title={{Kommunalparteien-Eine Untersuchung von Struktur und Funktionen politischer Vereinigungen in der kanadischen Stadt Vancouver}} , author={{ CPurcal }} , booktitle={{BIS)}} Oldenburg , year={1993} } @book{b40, , title={{Bowling alone. The Collapse and Revival of American Community}} , author={{ RDPutnam }} , year={2000} , publisher={Simon & Schuster} , address={New York} } @book{b41, , title={{Auf dem Weg zu neuartigen Arbeitsver hältnissen in sozialen Berufen}} , author={{ URabe-Kleberg }} , editor={Müller, S. /Rauschenbach, T.} , year={1992} , note={Wenn der Beruf zum Ehrenamt wird} } @book{b42, , title={{Urban Governance Reform Index: An Alignment of Traditional Reform and Public Choice Proportions', Public Organizations Review? published online}} , author={{ ARodriguez } and { ABrown }} , year={2012. 21 September} } @book{b43, , title={{Do Political Partie Matter in the U.S. Cities?}} , author={{ MSaiz }} , year={1999} , publisher={Saiz} } @book{b44, , title={{}} , author={{ MGeser } and { H }} } @book{b45, , title={{Local Parties in Political and Organizational Perspective}} , editor={Saiz, M. & Geser, H.} , year={1999} , publisher={West view} , address={Boulder CO} } @book{b46, , title={{Democracy Within -and Without -Parties: Introduction}} , author={{ SEScarrow }} , year={1999} } @book{b47, , title={{Parties and the Expansion of Direct Democray: Who Benefits?}} , author={{ SEScarrow }} , year={1999} } @book{b48, , title={{}} , author={{ KSchedler } and { IProeller }} , year={2000} , publisher={Haupt} , address={Bern} } @book{b49, , title={{Reflexive Demokratietheorie: die demokratische Transformation moderner Politik}} , author={{ RSchmalz-Bruns }} , year={1995} , address={Baden-Baden; Nomos} } @book{b50, , author={{ PSeyd } and { P&whiteley }} , title={{New Labour's Grassroots}} Houndsmills , publisher={Palgrave} , year={2002} } @incollection{b51, , title={{Voice and Inequality: The Transformation of American Civic Democracy}} , author={{ TSkocpol }} , journal={{Perspectives on Politics}} 1 , year={2004} } @book{b52, , title={{From Princes to President? Comparing Local Political Leadership Transformation', Local Government Studies}} , author={{ KSteyvers }} , year={2008} 34 } @book{b53, , title={{Verbände und Sozialpolitik: Das Beispiel der Jugendhilfe}} , author={{ SStöbe-Blossey }} , editor={Zimmer, A. /Weßels, B} , year={2001} } @book{b54, , title={{Introduction: Normative Theories of Local Government and Democracy}} , author={{ GStoker }} , year={1996} , publisher={King/ Stoker} } @book{b55, , title={{Introduction: Trends in Western European Local Government}} , author={{ GStoker }} , editor={Batley, R. &} , year={1991} }