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\title{Valuing of Cultural Heritage in Iran, Case Study: Kakh Sadabad}
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\begin{document}

             \author[1]{Dr. Vida  Varahrami}

             \affil[1]{  University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.}

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\date{\small \em Received: 14 December 2011 Accepted: 3 January 2012 Published: 15 January 2012}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


Cultural heritage is in a bad position in some countries, especially in Iran. Thus there is not any restoration and reservation program for repair of Cultural heritage in some developing countries as Iran. In this paper, I apply contingent valuation (CV) to estimate Kakh sadabad visitor?s willingness to pay and factors which effect on it. At least I use from results of a questionnaire for calculate the average willingness to pay of Kakh sadabad visitors.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{heritage, Kakh sadabad, Contingent Valuation (CV), Willingness to Pay (WTP).}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{I. Introduction}]{I. Introduction}\par
mprovement the quality of Cultural heritage in Iran, extracts tourism, employment and foreign reserves. In recent years, many studies survey valuation of Cultural heritage in developed countries. Carson 1997 revealed that houses which are older than 60 years, have extensive benefits for country.  {\ref Narvud and Ready 2002} {\ref , Noonan 2002} {\ref , 2003} {\ref , Perce et al 2002,} apply some studies about using of CV and Choice Modeling for estimate of social benefits of Cultural heritage. Diamond and Hausman 1994, Kahneman and Knetsch 1992 use WTA and WTP for valuing of different things. Their researches show that CV is an indirect method for valuing which is based on individual's preferences.  {\ref (Mazan, 2003)} In this paper, I use from CV method for valuing of Kakh sadabad which has more than 100 years old and have many visitors whom come from around of the world.\par
In other side, some environmental pollution and some wars are caused to demolition of Kakh sadabad which should repair. Then in this paper I calculate willingness to pay of Kakh sadabad visitors for repair of demolitions.\par
The remainder of this paper is structured as follows. Section 2 describes the model; section 3 describes design of CV questionnaire. Empirical results are presented in Section 4, and concluding remarks in Section 5. 
\section[{II. Model}]{II. Model}\par
Boxell et al, (1996) use utility framework for analyzing of CV method :\par
Author : Phd student-Address: Kargar-e-Shomali Avenue, Faculty of Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.  {\ref E-mail : vida.varahrami@gmail.com} (1) is deterministic component of utility and is a stochastic component. In CV method, the probabilities of an individual choosing alternative i or j are:\par
(2) Suppose that random term is logistically distributed, the probability that an individual choose alternative is:\par
(3) This information can be estimated using the binary logit model.  {\ref (Hanemann, 1984)} III. Design of CV Questionnaire I use from a questionnaire for estimate willingness to pay of Kakh sadabad visitors, which means how much money they want to pay for repair of this building.\par
I use from 200 questionnaire which distributed between Kakh sadabad visitors. I use questions as: 1. How much do you want to pay for repair of Kakh sadabad? 2. How much do you want to pay for visit from this building? 3. How much do you want to pay for improvement of this building service? I use from this questionnaire for calculate visitor's WTP and extract some variables from questionnaire which I use from them in my regression. These variables reveal in table \hyperref[tab_0]{1}. Results reveal that Uge, income, Satisfied, Log bid and know have positive effect on willingness to pay of visitors. Therefore visitor with more income and higher education level and more information about Kakh sadabad wants to pay more money for repair of Kakh sadabad.I i i i V U ? + = ( D D D D ) D Year i V ) Pr( Pr ) Pr( Pr j i i j j i j j i i V V V V ? ? ? = ? ? ? = ? ? ? ? ) exp( 1 ) exp( Pr j i j i i V V V V ? + ? =\par
I use from questioner to calculate willingness to pay of visitors which average willingness to pay of visitors in this sample is 2/5 dollar. 
\section[{Global Journal of Human Social Science}]{Global Journal of Human Social Science}\par
Volume XII Issue IW X Version I  
\section[{V. Conclusion}]{V. Conclusion}\par
I use from CV and binary Logit model for survey the effects of some variables on willingness to pay of Kakh sadabad. For this aim, I use from a questioner and reveal that income, education; Satisfied, Log bid and knowing of visitors have positive effect on willingness to pay of visitors.\par
At least I calculate willingness to pay of visitors of Kakh sadabad which is 2/5 dollar.  
\section[{References Références Referencias}]{References Références Referencias}\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.24970326409495547\textwidth}P{0.0693620178041543\textwidth}P{0.5309347181008902\textwidth}}
Dependent variable\tabcellsep pay\tabcellsep If visitors pay money for Kakh sadabad, is 1 and otherwise is 0\\
Independent variable\tabcellsep sex\tabcellsep Man=0 and woman=1\\
Independent variable\tabcellsep age\tabcellsep Age of visitor\\
Independent variable\tabcellsep income\tabcellsep Monthly income of visitor\\
Independent variable\tabcellsep education\tabcellsep Primary=1, secondary=2, high school=3\\
Independent variable\tabcellsep Uge\tabcellsep University education of visitor=1\\
Independent variable\tabcellsep know\tabcellsep Previous knowledge about Kakh sadabad=1 and no knowledge=0\\
Independent variable\tabcellsep satisfied\tabcellsep If visitor is satisfied from visiting of Kakh sadabad=1 and otherwise=0\\
Independent variable\tabcellsep ftrip\tabcellsep If visitor is passenger=1 and otherwise=0\\
Independent variable\tabcellsep Log bid\tabcellsep Logarithm of money which visitor wants to pay\\
\tabcellsep IV.\tabcellsep Emperical Results\end{longtable} \par
  {\small\itshape [Note: I regress variables intable 1 with binary Logit model. I reveal results of regression with Eviews 7 software in table 2.]} 
\caption{\label{tab_0}Table 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.31936416184971095\textwidth}P{0.2702312138728324\textwidth}P{0.26040462427745664\textwidth}}
Variable\tabcellsep Coefficient\tabcellsep P-Value\\
constant\tabcellsep -0.71\tabcellsep 0/014\\
sex\tabcellsep 0/001\tabcellsep 0/000\\
age\tabcellsep -0/0037\tabcellsep 0/017\\
Log bid\tabcellsep 1/69\tabcellsep 0/003\\
income\tabcellsep 0/0019\tabcellsep 0/009\\
Ugo\tabcellsep 0/048\tabcellsep 0/0022\\
know\tabcellsep 1/12\tabcellsep 0/000\\
Satisfied\tabcellsep 2/18\tabcellsep 0/000\\
ftrip\tabcellsep 2/51\tabcellsep 0/006\\
R 2 =61\%\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.8204176334106728\textwidth}P{0.007888631090487238\textwidth}P{0.012819025522041762\textwidth}P{0.008874709976798144\textwidth}}
\multicolumn{4}{l}{1. Boxall P, Adamowicz W, Swait J, Williams M,}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Louviere J, 1996, A Comparison of Stated}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Preference methods for Environmental Valuation,}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Ecol Econ, 18, 243-253.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{2. Carson RT, 1997, Contingent valuation surveys and}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{tests of insensitivity to scope. In: Kopp RJ}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Pommerehne.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{3. Diamod PA, Hausman JA, 1994, Contingent}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{valuation: is some number better than no number?}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{Econ Papers, 8(4), 45-64.}\tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{4. Hanley N, Wright RE, Adamowicz V, 1998, Using}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{choice experiments to value the environment design}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{issues, current experience and future prospects.}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{Environ Resour Econ, 11, 413-428.}\tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{5. Kahneman d, Knetsch JL, 1992, Valuing public}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{good: the purchase of moral satisfaction, J Environ}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Econ Manage, 22, 57-70.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{6. Navrud S, Ready RC, 2002, valuing cultural}\\
heritage:\tabcellsep applying\tabcellsep environmental\tabcellsep valuation\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{techniques to historic buildings, monuments and}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{artifacts. Edward Elgar Publishing, Northampton,}\\
MA.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
7.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 			\footnote{© 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) 2} 			\footnote{Valuing of Cultural Heritage in Iran, Case Study: Kakh Sadabad 3 © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}

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