@incollection{, BA5E42ABCDBB359654490922069BC603 , author={{Dr. Mazharul H.Kazi} and {Dr. Mazharul H.Kazi} and {Dr. Mazharul H.Kazi} and {American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria.}}, journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}}, journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS, address={Cambridge, United States}, publisher={Global Journals Organisation}12134559 } @incollection{b0, , title={{Constraints to Growth in Sub -Saharan Africa}} , author={{ CMAnyanwu }} , booktitle={{Paper Presented at the GS4 Workshop on Nov. 29th -30th}} , editor={ ROMejeha INNwachukwu } Pretoria, South Africa; Nigeria, MPRA , year={2004. 2008} } @incollection{b1, , title={{Youth Unemployment: Entrepreneurship development programme as an intervention mechanism}} , author={{ ACAwogbenle } and { KC&lwuamadi }} , journal={{African Journal of Business Management}} 4 6 , year={2010} } @book{b2, , title={{Poverty traps, In Handbook of Economic Growth}} , author={{ CAzariadis } and { J&stachurski }} , editor={P. Aghion and S.N. Durlauf. North-Holland} , year={2005} } @book{b3, , title={{Interview with the Minister of Youth Development Mr. BolajiAbdullahi, The Nigerian Tribune Newspaper}} , author={{ BAzeez }} , year={2011. November'11} , note={accessed 30-04-12} } @book{b4, , title={{Five Cents a Day: Innovative Programs for Reaching the Destitute with}} , author={{ DCBarua }} , year={2006} } @book{b5, , author={{ PBarua } and { M&sulaiman }} , title={{Targeting the Poorest in Microfinance: Poverty}} } @book{b6, , title={{Financial Sector Review III}} , author={{ Bb-Bangladesh } and { Bank }} , year={2008. June} } @book{b7, , title={{Key Findings of Labor Force Survey}} , year={2007} , address={Bangladesh} BBS-Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics } @book{b8, , title={{Creating a more efficient financial system : challenges for Bangladesh, The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper}} , author={{ TBeck } and { MH&rahman }} , year={2006} } @incollection{b9, , author={{ Beth } and { CHaynes }} , booktitle={{Stable, Sustainable Microfinance}} , year={2003} 23 } @incollection{b10, , title={{Planning Local Economic Development: theory and practice}} , author={{ EJBlakely }} , journal={{Sage Library of Social Research}} 168 , year={1989} , publisher={Sage Publications} } @book{b11, , title={{Outreach of BDP Ultra Poor Programme}} , year={2006. August} , note={BRAC Working Paper} } @incollection{b12, , title={{}} , journal={{Data & Reports}} , year={2012} CBN-Central Bank of Nigeria } @book{b13, , title={{The Socio-economic Situation of Youths in Africa: Problems, Prospects and Options. A Paper Presented at the Youth Employment Summit}} , author={{ FChigunta }} , year={2002} , address={Alexandria, Egypt} } @book{b14, , title={{Let grassroots speak: people's participation, Self-Help Group}} , author={{ ANChowdhury }} , year={1989} } @book{b15, , title={{World Factbook}} , year={2008} CIA-Central Intelligence Agency } @incollection{b16, , title={{Youth Unemployment and implications for Stability of Democracy in Nigeria}} , author={{ JCopestake } and { EOEmeka }} , journal={{Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa}} 13 1 , year={1995. 2011} Clarion University of Pennsylvania , note={Poverty-oriented financial 27} } @book{b17, , title={{Microcredit, No-interest Loans, and other Instruments: The Experience of Grameen Bank, Paper presented at Global Microcredit Summit held Nov 12-15}} , author={{ GrameenBank }} , year={2006. 2006} , address={in Halifax; Nova Scotia, Canada} } @book{b18, , title={{Grameen Foundation}} Bangladesh , year={2012} } @book{b19, , title={{Grameen Trust}} Bangladesh , year={2012} } @book{b20, , title={{Those left behind: a note on targeting the hardcore poor}} , author={{ SHashemi }} , editor={Wood, G. and Sharif, I.} , year={1997} , address={Dhaka, Bangladesh} , note={Who needs credit? Poverty and finance in Bangladesh} } @incollection{b21, , title={{Why has Microfinance been a policy success in Bangladesh?}} , author={{ DHulme } and { KMoore }} , booktitle={{Working Paper, Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), Global Poverty Research Group, UK. 33. Hutchinson Encyclopedia}} , year={2006. 2010} , note={Cycle of poverty} } @incollection{b22, , title={{News: Nigeria-A Divided Country}} , author={{ IIbrahim }} , journal={{Newswatch}} 53 18 , year={2011} } @book{b23, , title={{Empirical Survey of Children and Youth in Organized Violence in Nigeria}} , author={{ MIbrahim }} , year={2006. November 8, 2010} } @book{b24, , title={{Bangladesh: Microfinance and Financial Sector Diagnostic Study}} , year={2009} , note={IFC-International Finance Cooperation. Final Report} } @book{b25, , title={{News: Anti-graft Agencies Kick Against TI Corruption Rating. Sunday Punch}} , author={{ EIjioma }} , year={2010. 7 November} , address={Sunday} } @book{b26, , title={{Youth: Pathway to Decent Work}} , year={2005} , address={Geneva} ILO-International Labor Organization , note={Report} } @incollection{b27, , title={{Global Nigeria: A sociological Explanation}} , journal={{European Journal of Social Sciences}} 18 3 , year={2007} ILO-International Labor Organization } @incollection{b28, , title={{Poverty Reduction Efforts: Does Microcredit Help?}} , author={{ SKhan }} , journal={{The SAIS Review}} 29 2 , year={2009} } @incollection{b29, , title={{}} , author={{ BKomolafe }} , journal={{Finance News}} , year={2011} } @book{b30, , title={{News: Four burnt alive, 45 prison inmates released in Kaduna. The Punch, Wednesday}} , author={{ OLartey }} , year={2011. 20 April} } @incollection{b31, , title={{Do basic skills predict youth unemployment (16-24 yrs. old) also when controlled for accomplished upper secondary school? -A cross-country comparison}} , author={{ KLundetrae } and { EGabrielsen } and { R&mykletun }} , journal={{Journal of Education & Works}} 23 3 , year={2010} } @book{b32, , title={{Bangladesh: Strategy for Sustained Growth}} , author={{ Mahajan }} , year={2007} , address={Bangladesh} , note={Report} } @book{b33, , title={{Africa: Oil and Gas, Available online}} , year={2008} , note={Mbendi Information Services} } @incollection{b34, , title={{Informal Economics and Urban Governance in Nigeria: Popular Empowerment or Political Exclusion?}} , author={{ KMeagher }} , journal={{African Studies Review}} 54 2 , year={2011} } @book{b35, , author={{ RMorphy }} , title={{Nigeria: Youth Unemployment, Poverty -a Time Bomb for Country. Leadership, Wednesday}} , year={2008. 27 August} } @incollection{b36, , title={{National Population Commission and ICF Macro}} , journal={{National Population Commission and ICF Macro}} , year={2009. 2008} , note={Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey} } @book{b37, , title={{Social Statistics in Nigeria}} , year={2009} , address={Abuja} NBS-National Bureau of Statistics } @book{b38, , title={{Statistical News: Labor Force Statistics No}} , year={2010} , address={Abuja} NBS-National Bureau of Statistics } @book{b39, , title={{Productivity and Unemployment in Nigeria}} , author={{ MIObadan } and { AY&odusola }} , year={2001} , publisher={Ibadan: NCEMA} } @book{b40, , title={{Lessons from Egypt.The Guardian}} , author={{ POjenagbo }} , year={2011. 20 February} , address={Sunday} } @incollection{b41, , title={{Executive Corruption in Nigeria: A Critical Overview of Its Socio-Economic Implications for Development}} , author={{ EEOkafor }} , journal={{African Journal for Psychological Study of Social Issues}} 8 1 , year={2005} } @incollection{b42, , title={{Youth Unemployment and Implications for Stability of Democracy in Nigeria}} , author={{ EEOkafor }} , journal={{Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa}} 13 1 , year={2011} } @incollection{b43, , title={{Gender and Poverty in Nigeria: A sociological Explanation}} , author={{ CUOkoroafor } and { EC&nwadiaro }} , journal={{European Journal of Social Sciences}} 18 3 , year={2011} } @book{b44, , title={{Lecturers, Students, other killed in Kaduna. The Punch}} , author={{ SOlatunji } and { O&abioye }} , year={2011. 20 April} } @book{b45, , title={{Oil and Probalility of Rebel Participation Among Youths in Niger Delta of}} , author={{ AOyeusi }} , year={2008} } @incollection{b46, , title={{}} , author={{ Nigeria }} , journal={{Journal of Peace Research}} 45 4 } @book{b47, , title={{Youth Employment in Africa}} , author={{ MDSarr }} , year={2000} , address={New York} UN Secretariat } @book{b48, , title={{A Simple Poverty Scorecard for Bangladesh}} , author={{ MSchreiner }} , address={Grameen Foundation, USA} } @book{b49, , title={{Choice, Welfare and Measurement}} , author={{ ASen }} , year={1982} , address={Basil Blakwell,Oxford} } @book{b50, , title={{Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlements and Deprivation}} , author={{ ASen }} , year={1983} , publisher={Clarendon Press} , address={Oxford} } @book{b51, , title={{Development as Freedom}} , author={{ ASen }} , year={1999} , publisher={Oxford University Press} } @book{b52, , title={{Causes of Poverty, Global Issues, www.globalissues.org, accessed on 06}} , author={{ AShah }} , year={2012a. July 2012} } @book{b53, , title={{Facts & Stats, Global Issues, www.globalissues.org, accessed on 06}} , author={{ AShah }} , year={2012b. July 2012} } @incollection{b54, , title={{A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth}} , author={{ RMSolow }} , journal={{Quarterly Journal of Economics}} 70 2 , year={1956} } @incollection{b55, , title={{Editorial: Nigeria and the Global Corruption Index. The Guardian}} , booktitle={{The Guardian}} Tuesday , year={2010} 2 } @book{b56, , title={{The Nigerian Microfinance Newsletter}} , year={November. 73. 2012} 9 Central Bank of Nigeria , note={Report} , note={accessed 30-04-12} } @book{b57, , title={{Economics for a Developing World}} , author={{ MTodaro }} , year={1992} , publisher={Longman Group} , address={U.K} , note={2nd Ed} } @book{b58, 30-04-12 , title={{HDI Report: Mapping Poverty & Inequality, available online}} , year={2012} UNDP-United Nations Development Program } @incollection{b59, , title={{Human Development Index}} accessed 30-04-12 , journal={{Reports}} , year={2012. 1990-2011} UNDP-United Nations Development Program } @incollection{b60, , title={{Addressing youth unemployment in Nigeria}} , author={{ OUnegbu }} 30-4- 12 , journal={{Business Day News}} , year={2011} } @book{b61, , title={{Culture and Poverty}} , author={{ CAValentine }} , year={1968} University of Chicago } @incollection{b62, , title={{Youth Year Unemployment in Nigeria: Causes and Related Issues}} , author={{ VVenatus } and { IAgnes }} , journal={{Canadian Social Science}} 6 4 , year={2010} } @book{b63, , title={{}} , author={{ Wikipedia }} 05/07/12 , year={2012} } @book{b64, , title={{}} , author={{ ROMejeha } and { INNwachukwu }} , year={2008} } @incollection{b65, , title={{Choosy Youth or Unwanted Youth: A Survey of Unemployment}} , author={{ CManning } and { PN&junankar }} , journal={{Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies}} 34 1 , year={1998} } @book{b66, , title={{Who needs credit? Poverty and finance in Bangladesh}} , author={{ GWood } and { I&sharif }} , editor={Wood and Sharif} , year={1997} , address={Dhaka, Bangladesh} } @book{b67, , title={{Breaking the chains: collective action for social justice among the rural poor in Bangladesh}} , author={{ GWood }} , editor={Kramsjo, B. and Wood, G.} , year={1992} , address={London, UK} } @book{b68, , title={{World Development Indicators}} , year={1996} , publisher={World Bank} , address={Washington, D.C} , note={Report} } @incollection{b69, , title={{World Development Indicators}} , journal={{Report on Poverty}} , year={1998} , publisher={World Bank} } @book{b70, , title={{Poverty reduction and growth: Virtuous and vicious circles}} , year={2006} , publisher={World Bank} , address={Washington D.C} , note={Report} } @book{b71, , title={{World Development Indicators}} , year={2007. 2012} , publisher={World Bank} 87 , address={Washington D.C} , note={Report} , note={Bangladesh at a Glance} } @book{b72, , title={{Grameen Bank, as I See it}} , author={{ MYunus }} , year={1994} , address={Grameen Bank, Bangladesh} } @book{b73, , title={{Banker to the Poor: Micro-Lending and Battle Against World Poverty}} , author={{ MYunus }} , year={2003} , publisher={Public Affairs} } @incollection{b74, , title={{Is Grameen Bank Different From Conventional Banks?}} , author={{ MYunus }} , booktitle={{Grameen Bank}} Bangladesh , year={2006} } @book{b75, , title={{Nobel Lecture delivered on December 10, 2006 at the Oslo City Hall}} , author={{ MYunus }} , year={2006. October, 2006} , address={Norway} } @book{b76, , title={{A World Without Poverty: Social Business and the Future of Capitalism}} , author={{ MYunus }} , year={2008} , note={Public Affairs} } @incollection{b77, , title={{Economic Security for a World in Crisis}} , author={{ MYunus }} , journal={{World Poverty Journal}} , year={2009} } @book{b78, , title={{Building Social Business: The New Kind of Capitalism that Serves Humanity's Most Pressing Needs}} , author={{ MYunus }} , year={2010} , publisher={Public Affairs} } @book{b79, , title={{Microfinance in Bangladesh: growth, achievements, and lessons}} , author={{ HZaman }} , year={2004} , publisher={The World Bank} , note={Scaling Up Poverty Reduction -Case Studies in Microfinance} }