# Introduction

iversification strategies of the agricultural enterprise -a set of management decisions for the development of an agricultural enterprise fundamentally new areas of activity, allowing to meet the needs of the market, while achieving certain advantages aimed at improving the financial stability of the enterprise, creating new jobs and stabilizing the socioeconomic situation in rural areas. Studies from the developing world show that agricultural growth has a larger effect on poverty reduction, compared to the growth of non-farm sectors [1]. The development of agricultural enterprises and the strategic planning of diversification is based on an analysis of the marketing opportunities not only of the enterprise itself, but also of the rural administrative district, since significant areas of activity of agricultural enterprises cannot be developed independently, therefore, it is necessary to identify potential partners among entrepreneurs in this territory, to study the labor potential of the region or agricultural zone as a whole. The socio-political consequences of persistent agrarian distress could be disastrous, and call for pre-emptive strategic interventions in both farm and non-farm sectors to re-invigorate agricultural growth and enhance farmers' income. Within the farm sector, diversification towards high value crops (HVCs), including vegetables, condiments spices, fruits and plantations, is claimed to be an important means of securing agriculture-based livelihoods, accelerating growth and reducing rural poverty [2]. Higher levels of diversification reflect a wider availability of productive capabilities, implying-under the assumption that capabilities are complementary-a positive effect diversification on income and subsequent growth [3]. A somewhat related idea -connected with urbanization economies, in particular those operating through increased flows of knowledge-goes under the name of Jacobs externalities: diversity can foster technological dynamism, i.e. innovation and adoption of new technologies [4].


# II.


# Materials and Methods

When developing diversification strategies, it is necessary to take into account the large differentiation of the natural, economic and social conditions of rural administrative regions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The Republic of Karakalpakstan is located in the northwestern part of Uzbekistan on an area of about 166,600 km2. The overwhelming part of the territory of Karakalpakstan is lowlands (from 50,200 m above sea level), and flatness is its most noticeable feature. Most of the population lives and works on irrigated river plains in the Amu Darya River Delta. It is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north and west, the Republic of Turkmenistan to the south, the Navoi region of Uzbekistan to the east, and the Khorezm region to the southeast. The arable land of the republic is relatively limited.

The area of irrigated land is 510.4 thousand hectares, or 3.1% of the total land area.

The arable land in 2018 was 231.1 thousand hectares, or 45.3% of irrigated land.

This situation indicates that Karakalpakstan cannot use its potential land due to a lack of water supply for irrigation.

The criterion of economic efficiency of the placement and development of a particular industry and
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the determination of promising areas of diversification of agricultural enterprises is the saturation of the market with products that agricultural producers can produce in a specific rural administrative region.

The provision of food itself means satisfying the need for it, first of all, through domestic supplies with minimal dependence on foreign trade. To achieve the country's self-sufficiency in food, it is necessary to produce high-quality products in volumes that can satisfy the population's need for it at a threshold level at prices that guarantee the availability of most products for all social groups throughout the country. Broad changes are taking place in agrifood systems worldwide. These changes are driven by economic development, increase in per caput incomes, changing technology and urbanization. Consumers are changing their dietary preferences and shopping habits, resulting in substantial organizational and institutional changes throughout the food marketing chain. Growing concentration at all levels is taking place, particularly in the retail sector, and private sector standards for food quality and safety are proliferating [5].

Initially, we should analyze the current market conditions for agricultural products and food to determine the country's self-sufficiency in food.

For this, the potential market capacity is determined for each of the types of produced products, then the characteristics of the consumption of the main groups of food products and the structure of agricultural production are investigated, which allows to determine the prospects for the development of the sector. When determining the level of self-sufficiency republic's main types of food the author used the following formula: 1. The potential capacity (P c ) of the food market is determined on the basis of standards for the consumption of food products (S C )and the size of population (S P ). P c = S C * S P 2. We introduce the Degree of saturation (D S ) of the food market: DS=ApPc*100% where P C -potential capacity of the food market S C -standards for the consumption of food products S P -size of population D S -degree of saturation of the food market, A p -actual food production III.


# Discussion

The analysis of the saturation of the product market allows you to determine product groups for which customer demand is not fully satisfied. Using these formulas, we can determine the potential capacity of the regional product market and the degree of saturation of the market with the main agricultural products. The data in the table 1 indicates that the republic reached its self-sufficiency only in vegetables and milk. The situation with other agricultural products is still far from satisfying. Grape growing in the country does not exceed 28% of the market potential, fruits and berries -39%, and egg products -55%, potatoes -66%. This, in turn, once again justifies the need to increase the volume of these products as a priority in the diversification of agricultural production.

In 2019, the sown area of Karakalpakstan amounted to 232.1 thousand ha, accounting for 7% of the total sown area of Uzbekistan. In Karakalpakstan, cotton has the largest sowing area of 88 560 ha which is 38.1% of the total sown area. Second place by sown area is wheat. It occupied 85 767 ha., which equals 36.9% of the total sown area. 75% of the total arable land is allocated for cotton and wheat (fig 1).  South-eastern and Central zones: Currently, relatively favorable conditions for the development of agricultural production exist in the South-eastern and Cenral zones. Despite the fact that the total land area of South-eastern region is 10.7%, 43.2% of the planted land of the Republic is located in this area and 40 % of the population of Karakalpakstan lives in this area. The share of the region in agricultural production is 52.9%. This means that the use of available resources and opportunities in the region is well established. It is expedient to strengthen the system of processing of agricultural products in this region, to strengthen services in the sale of products, to organize the sale of surplus products to other regions. The level of water supply in this area is relatively stable. The degree of the saturation of the local market with the main agricultural products is higher than in other zones. The early arrival of spring is favorable for the cultivation of the main types of agricultural products in the region, including: cotton, wheat, melons, fruits and vegetables [6]. The data of table 2 indicates that the planted are of Central zone account for 21.4% of the total sown area, the share of gross agricultural output is 17.9%. Due to the fact that the capital is located in this area, this area is convenient for the processing and storage of the main types of agricultural products [7].


# Northern and North-western zones:

The degree of the saturation of the local market with the main agricultural products is lower in these zones. The main reasons for the relatively low indicators are the low level of water supply in the region, the quality of land and low crop yields and high salinity of lands. There are favorable conditions for the development of animal husbandry in these zones. Despite the fact that 52.1% of the republic's hayfields and pastures are located in this region, only 14% of cattle, 26.3% of sheep and goats, 31.3% of horses and camels account for this region. Due to the availability of pastures and fodder base for livestock in Northern zone, it is possible to start processing of livestock products, including dairy products, leather products in this zone.

IV.


# Conclusion

There are many approaches to using the potential to diversify regional agricultural production on the basis of marketing tools: one of them is development of a diversification program by regional public administration bodies, where the main focus is on the social significance of the issue and ensuring food security for the population of the region. The other is a diversification approach by direct agricultural producers, focusing on the production of highly value crops or economic activities.
1![Figure 1: The proportion of planted area of Republic of Karakalpakstan (2019) Other crops have a small share in the sown area. Service infrastructure, supply of material resources and most research and educational institutions are designed for the cultivation of raw cotton and grain crops. The level of use of land, water, labor and other In order to find solutions to this problem and increase the level of diversification, it is expedient to study the territory of the Republic of Karakalpakstan by separating into 4 conditional zones: South-eastern, ?entral, Northern, North-western (fig2).](image-2.png "Figure 1 :")
2![Figure 2: Territorial division of the Republic of Karakalpakstan](image-3.png "Figure 2 :")
1The main types of agricultural productsStandards for the consumption of food products per capita (kg)Size of population (01.01.2019)Potential capacity of the food market (tons) (2*3=4)Actual food production (thousand ton)Degree of saturation of the food market (%) (5:4*100=6)Actual consumption of population per capita (kg) (5:2=7)1234567Potato54,6102085,66773666,436,2Vegetables116216885,2247319114132,3Fruits68127139,64975039,126,6Grapes13,925988,8732328,23,9Meat6018697341121821065149556,9Milk140261758376486143,8201,4Eggs295551561,530319555162,1Honey2,44487,3596,113,30,3Fish13,4250549626,238,45,1
2ConditionalTotal landIrrigated landPlanted landPercentage of populationShare in grosszonesarea (%)(%)(%)living in the areaagricultural outputSouth-eastern10.727,143,240,152,9?entral2.522,821,434,617,9Northern17.524,217,511,115,1North-western69.325,917,814,214,1
3Conditional zonesPotatoes Vegetables Fruit Grape Meat Milk Egg Honey fishSouth-eastern96,9160,771,842,5116193,2 76,917,218,8?entral3363,5313,815,950,779,924,57,98,0Northern97,5131,733,727,5143162,3 62,519,143,1North-western37,191,6513,218,1105146,1 61,310,7164,3Republic of Karakalpakstan66,411439,128,294,9143,8 55,013,338,4
4Conditional zonesPastures Cattle Sheep and goats Horses Camels PoultrySouth-eastern19,849,840,524,225,256,9?entral5,71911,724,81513,7Northern52,11426,331,33017,4North-western22,417,221,519,729,812Republic of Karakalpakstan100100100100100100
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