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\title{Morphological Integration of Urdu Loan Words in Pakistani English}
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             \author[1]{Tania  Ali}

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\date{\small \em Received: 7 December 2019 Accepted: 5 January 2020 Published: 15 January 2020}

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\begin{abstract}
        


Pakistani English is a variety of English language concerning Sentence structure, Morphology, Phonology, Spelling, and Vocabulary. The one semantic element which makes the investigation of Pakistani English additionally fascinating is the Vocabulary. Pakistani English uses many loan words from Urdu language and from other local dialects, which have become an integral part of Pakistani English, and the speakers don't feel odd while using these words. Numerous studies are conducted about Pakistani English Vocabulary, yet a couple manages to deal with morphology. Therefore, this paper intends to explore how Urdu language loan words morphologically integrated into Pakistani English. Also, this paper investigates the elements which affect this morphological integration process. The present study is qualitative and uses a rundown of 50 loan words in the analysis. These words are chosen from the newspaper ?The Dawn? since it is the most dispersed English language newspaper in Pakistan. The study also uses Books and Novellas of Pakistani English fiction authors, and concise Oxford English Dictionary, 11th edition for the selection of these loan words. The result of this study will help in understanding and enlightening the morphological integration forms used in Pakistani English. This paper will generate adequate enthusiasm among the researchers to produce new and different studies in other domains of Pakistani English as well.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{pakistani english, loan words, urdu language, }

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
he English language is known as an international language since this language has attained a position where it is highlighting numerous social jobs, which are perceived and recognized by each nation. English language is the language of the whole globe on account of its unnecessary use in communication. This language starched its wings in different countries of the world, during the time of postcolonial and human race witnessed the powerful gravity of the English language. As Kachru said that English is no longer the property of British and American; in fact, it is the language which uses it . This scenario has made the English language a shared property of the entire world. As this language is incorporating with different dialects and languages, and the locals began to blend or include their own local language's words in the English language since than diverse non-local varieties of the English language are coming into existence. And all of these varieties are special in their particular manner. Pakistani English is one of the broadly used postcolonial varieties in the world of English languages. According to Raza, Pakistan is among the list of nations where the English language is spreading quickly. Eighteen million individuals of the overall population of Pakistan communicate in English, and the figures are rising each day, which makes Pakistan the third biggest English speaking Asian country. \hyperref[b15]{(Raza, 2008)}. Rehman said that like other nonlocals varieties of English language, Pakistani English likewise has four sub-varieties, and these are SBE (identical to Standard English), Acrolect, Mesolect, and Bisolect  {\ref (Rehman, 1990, p. 21-22)}. Pakistani English uses a decent number of loan words due to the influence of the local languages . These words have become an integral part of Pakistani English. It is a relatively complicated variety of English languages due to its rich and diverse linguistics map. Unluckily, this unique variety is less researched in terms of etymology, morphology, and syntax. \hyperref[b12]{(Mehboob and Kortmann, 2004)}.\par
To comprehend morphological integration process of loan words which is less debated and researched, it is fundamental to understand the analytical framework of morphology. Linguistics views integration as an asymmetric process. Linguists think integration as a non-productive and nontransformational process. It chiefly centers around dialects. When two dialects interact with one another, their association triggers uneasiness and threat about national identity and issues like linguistics solidarity or corruption. \hyperref[b7]{(Fragkopoulou, 2015)}. In linguistics, integration is a subject of discussion under all domains. Therefore, there are various kinds of integration processes. a) Phonological integration b) Morphological integration c) Orthographic integration d) Syntactic integration e) Semantics integration f) Pragmatics integration The present paper considers morphological integration, which makes it obligatory to comprehend the systematic structure of morphology. There are various depictions of morphology available to one, yet these mirror a similar thought as "Morphology is the grammar of words, which includes the formation of words, the structure of words, and relationship between the words" (Audring and Masini, 2018, p. 3). Also, morphological integration implies "Restructuring the loan words morphology and phonology based on the morphology and phonology of the recipient language" \hyperref[b4]{(Campbell, 2004)}.\par
The past studies uncover that, when dialects interact with different dialects, it prompts changes in the stock of one or either languages  {\ref (Matras, 2009, P. 146)}. Predominately the beneficiary language uncovers extraordinary and unique features that influence the loan words. The loan word is one of the most used morphological word-formation processes. \hyperref[b9]{(Islam, 2011)}. Campbell characterized loan word as "A lexical thing, which obtained from a source language, that lexical item is initially not a part of the vocabulary of the beneficiary language; however it received from a source language and turned into a part of the beneficiary language's vocabulary" \hyperref[b4]{(Campbell, 2004)}.\par
The language which donates its words to the other language is known as donor language, and the one which gets new words is known as beneficiary language. 
\section[{a) Research Objectives}]{a) Research Objectives}\par
The present study has these research objectives: 1. To find out the morphological procedures used in the integration of Urdu loan words in Pakistani English. 2. To highlight the variables affecting the morphological integration of Urdu loan words in Pakistani English. 
\section[{b) Research Questions}]{b) Research Questions}\par
The present investigation is addressing the following inquiries:\par
1. What morphological procedures Pakistani English use in the integration of Urdu loan words? 2. What are the variables affecting the morphological integration of Urdu loan words in Pakistani English? 
\section[{c) Research Gap}]{c) Research Gap}\par
There are numerous studies that discussion about the use of loan words in Pakistani English, however, this reality can't be ignored that not all of the loan words used in Pakistani English precisely in the same way as they did in the source language. In fact, these words are used in beneficiary language after applying the integration process. Studies are available on morphological integration in Dutch and Arabic languages only; however, in the Pakistani context, there is an absence of adequate and exact studies, which makes this research gap a contextual research gap. 
\section[{d) Delimitations}]{d) Delimitations}\par
There are different types of integration, as mentioned above, but researcher delimited the current study to the morphological integration of loan words, and to the discussion about the elements which are affecting this word formation processes. Due to, the absence of etymological dictionaries and lack of research works, the facts provided in this paper delimited to the available online dictionaries. 
\section[{II.}]{II.} 
\section[{Literature Review}]{Literature Review}\par
Many researchers stated that the vocabulary of Pakistani English is expanding rapidly. The most noticeable process that is enhancing the Pakistani English dictionary is borrowing. Pakistani English has borrowed a lot of significant and different words from Urdu and other local languages. Other morphological word-formation processes are also contributing to enhancing the vocabulary of Pakistani English, but the contribution made by this one particular word-formation process cannot be overlooked. These are transformation, Semantic move, Maintenance, and numerous others \hyperref[b12]{(Mehboob and Kortmann, 2004}). Baumgardner, Kennedy, and Shamim in 1993 presented 54 classifications in which words acquired from local languages into the English language. These classifications were edibles, religion, peace, wedding, customs, apparel, artistry, music, and so on. . In the matter of Pakistani English, the vast majority of the loan words have taken from the areas of edibles, dress, religion, government organization, legislative issues, workmanship, custom, and many others. Furthermore, this borrowing has enhanced the Pakistani English lexicon as well as it has affected the grammar of Pakistani English also \hyperref[b1]{(Baumgardner, 1993)}. The Urdu language is the national language of Pakistan, and it is vastly affecting the Pakistani English vocabulary. The explanation behind this impact is the unusual contact of Urdu language with Pakistani English. Consequently, Pakistani English vocabulary is experiencing the process of Urduization \hyperref[b17]{(Tallat, 2003)}. Baumgardner observed Pakistani English and derived that a decent number of loan words from Urdu and other provincial dialects has recorded in Pakistani English. Besides this, in word formation-processes, prefixes and suffixes played a beneficial and creative job in enhancing Pakistani English vocabulary . Kachru stated that South Asian Englishes use hybridized structure in words that emphasize the novelty and productiveness of south Asian varieties of English. In this hybridization process, one word of local language joined by the other word of English language, or sometimes one syllable of the local language is combined by the one syllable of the English language, for example, Lathi charge, Rickshaw driver, Tonga driver, police-wala, and so on.  {\ref (Kachru, 1983)}. Tallat drew attention to the significant attributes of Pakistani English that when loan words are used in Pakistani English by Pakistani bilingual English speakers, they contain their Urdu meanings, which are noticeable from Standard English \hyperref[b17]{(Tallat, 2003)}. In 1994 Kachru proposed two hypotheses which are the cause of lexical borrowing in languages, and these two hypotheses were deficit hypothesis and dominance hypothesis.\par
Deficit hypothesis stated that "Borrowing entails linguistic gaps in a language and the prime motivation for borrowing is to alleviate the linguistic deficit, especially in the lexical resources of a language. "This theory brought into the light this fact that speakers of a language borrow a word from another language mainly because they don't have a similar word in their language. The sole reason behind this sort of lexical borrowing is to fill the linguistics gap.\par
Dominance hypothesis stated that "when two cultures come into contact, the direction of culture learning and subsequent word-borrowing is not mutual but from dominant to the subordinate."Speakers do not borrow words to fill the linguistics gap, but to show the novelty of the particular language. \hyperref[b6]{(Dashti and Dashti, 2017)}. On the subject of Pakistani English, it came into notice, that speakers used loanword to fill the semantics gap since they don't have a similar term in the English language. As a result, this lexical acquiring in Pakistani English mainly falls under the category of deficit hypothesis. In 1993 Kennedy did an investigation on "Use of Lexical Terms in crime reporting in Pakistan." He discovered that Pakistani print media uses more nostalgic and agitated words in reporting in comparison to American media. These words have adjusted new meanings that are specific just to the Pakistani context of crime reporting. Besides this, Pakistani print media coined many compound words. These words have no substitutions in American or British English \hyperref[b10]{(Jackson, 1993)}.\par
Fragkopoulou in 2015 presented a wide range of opinions of different researchers about morphological integration of loan words Bloomfield (1933:450), Hoffmann (1991:102), Filipovi ?  {\ref (1980,} {\ref 1981,} {\ref 1995)}, Van Marle (1993: 259) and Romaine (2010: 30-31) stated that morphological integration of the loan words isn't a haphazard process, but it is a steady and gradable procedure. In fact this is a process which involves three different degrees of integration. These degrees are total integration, partial integration, and zero integration.  {\ref (Poplack and Sankoff, 1984, P.106)}. It means, when language loaned a word, the degree of morphological integration gives the detail of the diffusion of the words. A borrowed item can be represented in the beneficiary language phonological, morphological, and syntactical system as well (i.e., as code-switches), yet the possibility of recurrence of an item in beneficiary language increased the chances of the high diffusion of that word in the structure of new language (become genuine loanwords). It refers as a graduality assumption \hyperref[b13]{(Poplack and Dion, 2012)}. 
\section[{III. Methodology and Data Collection}]{III. Methodology and Data Collection}\par
The nature of the current study is qualitative and it is a corpus-based study. Accordingly, the researcher prepared a list of 50 selected loan words for this study. For this purpose, the researcher used different sources, like the daily newspaper "The Dawn" of months May and June, books and novellas of Pakistani English fiction authors, and a concise Oxford English dictionary, the eleventh version revised in the year 2006. These fifty loan words divided into four different lists. List number 1 based on the Urdu loan words used in Pakistani English with some changes. This list composed of 20 words. List number 2 contained of 10 Urdu loan words used in Pakistani English without changes. List number 3 covered 10 Urdu loan words used in international English with changes. List number 4 again covered10 Urdu loan words used in international English without changes.  
\section[{List}]{List} 
\section[{Data Analysis and Discussion}]{Data Analysis and Discussion}\par
This morphological integration analysis will elevate the following morphological features.\par
? The etymology of the loan words.\par
? Grammatical category (GM) of the word in donor (Urdu) language ? Grammatical category (GM) of loan word in beneficiary (Pakistani English) language.\par
? Type of the morpheme used in changing of the grammatical category of word 1. Melas, this word came in the Urdu language from the Sanskrit language in 1682. This word retained its meaning and grammatical category in the Urdu language. Pakistani English borrowed this word from the Urdu language. Both languages use this word as a common noun. But in case of pluralization of this word, bound inflectional morpheme /s/ is used at the end of the word to form the plural of this common noun.\par
/Mela+s/= /Melas/.\par
The suffixation process is involved in the morphological integration of this word, and the level of morphological integration is primary, because, the meaning and grammatical category of the item remain the same with the addition of bound morpheme /s/. This addition just convert singular noun into a plural noun. The reason for this lexical borrowing is that, in the English language, there was not anequivalent term. Therefore, this lexical borrowing falls in the category of deficit hypothesis.\par
2. Kebabs, this word came in the Urdu language from the Persian language in 1603. The Urdu language uses this word as a noun and adjective. Pakistani English borrowed this word from the Urdu language. Pakistani English uses it as a noun. In case of pluralization of this word, bound inflectional morpheme /s/ is used at the end of the word to form the plural of this common noun /Kebabs/.\par
/Kebab+s/=/Kebabs/ The suffixation process is involved in the morphological integration of this word, and the level of morphological integration is primary. Because the word retains its meaning and one grammatical category noun, not adjective in Pakistani English. The addition of bound morpheme /s/ does not affect the grammatical category of the word. This addition just convert singular noun into a plural noun. The reason for this lexical borrowing is that, in the English language, there was not anequivalent term. Therefore, this lexical borrowing falls in the category of deficit hypothesis. 
\section[{Majlis, this word came in the Urdu language from}]{Majlis, this word came in the Urdu language from}\par
the Arabic language in 1602. Like the previous word, the Urdu language uses it as a noun and adjective. Pakistani English borrowed this word from the Urdu language and uses it as a noun. The plural of this word is formed by adding bound inflectional morpheme /s/ at the end of the word.\par
/Majlis+s/=/Majliss/ The suffixation process is involved in the morphological integration of this word, and the level of morphological integration is primary. The reason for this lexical borrowing is that, in the English language there was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical borrowing falls in the category of deficit hypothesis.\par
4. Nawab, this word came in the Urdu language from the Arabic language in 1800. The Urdu language uses this word as a noun and adjective. Pakistani English borrowed this word from the Urdu language and uses it as a noun. The plural of this word is formed by adding bound inflectional morpheme /s/ at the end of the word.\par
/Nawab+s/=/Nawabs/\par
The suffixation process is involved in the morphological integration of this word, and the level of morphological integration is primary. The reason for this lexical borrowing is that, in the English language, there was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical borrowing comes under the category of deficit hypothesis.\par
5. Sufism, this word came in the Urdu language from the Arabic language (Sufi) in 1564. This Urdu language uses this word as a noun. Pakistani English borrowed this word from the Urdu language.\par
/Sufi+ism/=/Sufism/ The suffixation process is involved in the morphological integration of this word. This word uses derivational bound morpheme (ism) in the end, and the level of morphological integration is partial. The reason for this lexical borrowing is that, in the English language, there was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical borrowing falls in the category of deficit hypothesis.\par
6. Whahabism, this word came in the Urdu language from the Arabic language (Whahabi). The Urdu language uses this word as a noun. Pakistani English borrowed this word from the Urdu language.\par
/Whahab+ism/=/Whahabism/ The suffixation process is involved in the morphological integration of this word. Derivational bound morpheme (ism) is used in the end of this word and the level of morphological integration is partial. This reason for this lexical borrowing is that, in the English language, there was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical borrowing falls in the category of deficit hypothesis.\par
for this lexical borrowing is that, in the English language, there was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical borrowing falls in the category of deficit hypothesis. 8. Desism, this word came in the Urdu language from the Sanskrit language (Desi) in 1700. The Urdu language uses this word as an Adjective. Pakistani English borrowed this word from Urdu language. /Desi+ism/=/Desism/ The suffixation process is involved in the morphological integration of this word. This word uses derivational bound morpheme (ism) in the end, to change its grammatical category. And the level of morphological integration is partial. The reason for this lexical borrowing is that, in the English language, there was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical borrowing falls in the category of deficit hypothesis. 9. Pakistani is the Persian language word used as an adjective in Persian language in 1933. The Urdu language uses this word as an Adjective as well. Pakistani English borrowed this word from the Urdu language.\par
/Pakistan+i/=/Pakistani/ The suffixation process is involved in the morphological integration of this word. This word takes derivational bound morpheme (i) in its end, to change the grammatical category, and the level of morphological integration is primary. The reason for this lexical borrowing is that, in the English language, there was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical borrowing fall in the category of deficit hypothesis. \hyperref[b9]{10}. Lahori, a Hindi language word used as an adjective in the Hindi language. The Urdu language uses this word as Adjective. Pakistani English borrowed this word from the Urdu language. /Lahore+i/=/Lahori/ The suffixation process is involved in the morphological integration of this word. This word takes derivational bound morpheme (i) in its end, to change the grammatical category, and the level of morphological integration is primary. The reason for this lexical borrowing is that, in the English language, there was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical borrowing falls in the category of deficit hypothesis.\par
11. Punjabi, a Persian language word used as an adjective in the Persian language. The Urdu language uses this word also as an Adjective. Pakistani English borrowed this word from the Urdu language.\par
/Punjab+i/=/Punjabi/ The Suffixation process is involved in the morphological integration of this word. This word takes derivational bound morpheme (i) in the end to change the grammatical category, and the level of morphological integration is primary. The reason for this lexical borrowing is that, in the English language, there was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical borrowing falls in the category of deficit hypothesis. 12. Bookie, a Hindi language word uses a as noun in the Urdu language. Pakistani English borrowed this word from the Urdu language. The reason for this lexical borrowing is that, in English language there was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical borrowing falls in the category of deficit hypothesis. 1. Shariah word came in the Urdu language from the Arabic language in 1421. The Urdu language uses this word as a Noun. Pakistani English borrowed this word from the Urdu language, and uses it as a noun. The reason for this lexical borrowing is the deficit hypothesis.\par
2. Tonga Wala word first used in the Sanskrit language, and it came in the Urdu language as a noun. Pakistani English directly borrowed this word from the Urdu language, and the reason for this lexical borrowing is the deficit hypothesis. Urdu language, and the reason for this lexical borrowing is the deficit hypothesis.\par
6. Haji is the Arabic word came in the Urdu language in 1564 as a noun. And Pakistani English borrowed this word from the Urdu language. Deficit hypothesis became the reason for this lexical borrowing.\par
7. Kabbdi is the Parakat language word. It came in the Urdu language in 1846 as a noun, and Pakistani English uses this word also as a noun, and the reason for this lexical borrowing is the deficit hypothesis.\par
8. Qawali is the Arabic word. The Arabic language used it as a noun. The Urdu language directly borrowed this word as a noun. And now, Pakistani English uses it, and the reason for this borrowing is the deficit hypothesis. 9. Dupatta word first used in the Persian language in 1421 and, it came in the Urdu language as a noun. Pakistani English directly borrowed this word, and the reason for this lexical borrowing is the deficit hypothesis.\par
10. Salwar word first used in the Persian language, and it came in the Urdu language in 1697 as a noun. Pakistani English directly borrowed this word, and the reason for this lexical borrowing is the deficit hypothesis.\par
List No. 1. Kushi word came in the Urdu language from the Persian language. The Urdu language uses this word as a Noun. The Global English borrowed this word from the Urdu language. The Global English uses this word as Cushy, which is an adjective. In the integration of this word, modification (suppletion), morphological process is used, and the level of integration is total. The reason for this lexical borrowing into the global English is the dominance hypothesis.\par
2. Toofaan is a purely the Urdu language word. Urdu language uses this word as a noun. The Global English borrowed this word from the Urdu language. The Global English uses this word as Typhoon, which is a noun. In the integration of this word, modification (suppletion), morphological process is used and the level of integration is total. The reason for this lexical borrowing into the global English is the deficit hypothesis.\par
3. Khaat is the Urdu language word. The grammatical category of this word is the noun. The Global English borrowed this word from the Urdu language, and uses it as Cot, which is also a noun. In the integration of this word, modification (suppletion), morphological process is used and the level of integration is total. The reason for this lexical borrowing into the global English is the deficit hypothesis.\par
4. Bangla is the Urdu language word. The grammatical category of this word is the noun. The Global English borrowed this word from the Urdu language, anduses it as Bunglow, which is also a noun. In the integration of this word, modification (suppletion), morphological process is used, and the level of integration is partial. The reason for this lexical borrowing into the global English is the deficit hypothesis. 
\section[{( G )}]{( G )}\par
Global Journal of Human Social Science -Year 2020\par
Morphological Integration of Urdu Loan Words in Pakistani English 5. Dangree is the Urdu language word. The grammatical category of this word is the noun. The Global English borrowed this word from the Urdu language, and uses it as Dungaree, which is also a noun. In the integration of this word, modification (suppletion), morphological process is used, and the level of integration is partial. The reason for this lexical borrowing into the global English is the deficit hypothesis. 6. Loot is the Urdu language word. The grammatical category of this word is the noun and verb. The Global English directly borrowed this word from the Urdu language, and uses it as Loot, which also function as a noun and verb. This word is not morphological integrated, but phonetic integration is involved in this word. Therefore, the level of integration is zero in this word. The reason for this lexical borrowing into the global English is the deficit hypothesis. 7. Baranmda is the Hindi language word. The grammatical category of this word is noun. The Urdu language borrowed this word from the Hindi language. This word went into the Global English from the Urdu language, and the global English uses itas Veranda, which is also a noun. In the integration of this word, modification (suppletion), morphological process is used and the level of integration is total. The reason for this lexical borrowing into the global English is the dominance hypothesis .\par
8. Thag is the Urdu language word. The grammatical category of this word is adjective. The Global English borrowed this word from the Urdu language, and uses it as Thug, which is also a noun. In the integration of this word, modification (suppletion), morphological process is used, and the level of integration is primary. The reason for this lexical borrowing into the global English is the deficit hypothesis.\par
9. Panch is the Urdu language word. The grammatical category of this word is the nominal noun. The Global English borrowed this word from the Urdu language, and uses it as Punch, which is a noun. In the integration of this word, modification (suppletion), morphological process is used, and the level of integration is partial. The reason for this lexical borrowing into the global English is the deficit hypothesis.\par
10. Khopra is the Sanskrit language word. The grammatical category of this word is the noun. The Global English borrowed this word from the Urdu language, and uses it as Copra, which is also a noun. In the integration of this word, modification (suppletion) morphological process is used, and the level of integration is primary.  the Arabic, and Pakistani English borrowed this word directly form the Urdu language. Now this word is also used in global English as well. The reason for this lexical borrowing is the deficit hypothesis.\par
2. Bazar word first used in the Persian language, and it came in the Urdu language in 1421 as a noun. Pakistani English directly borrowed this word, and now this word is also used in global English. In global English, there are other similar words, but the reason for this lexical borrowing is the dominance hypothesis.\par
3. Jungle is the word of the Sanskrit language. It came in the Urdu in 1611 as a noun, and Pakistani English uses this word also as a noun. From Pakistani English, this word is directly borrowed in global English, and the reason for this lexical borrowing is the dominance hypothesis.\par
4. Moon soon is purely the Urdu language word uses as a noun and adjective in the Urdu language. Global English directly borrowed this word from Pakistani English, and deficit hypothesis became the reason for this lexical borrowing. 
\section[{5.}]{5.}\par
Cummerbund word first used in the Persian language, later the Urdu language borrowed it as a noun. Now, the global English also uses this word. In global English, there are other similar words, but the reason for this lexical borrowing is the dominance hypothesis. 
\section[{6.}]{6.}\par
Cotton is purely the Urdu language word, uses as a noun. The Global English directly borrowed this word from Pakistani English, and deficit hypothesis became the reason for this lexical borrowing.\par
7. Chita is the Sanskrit language word, it came in the Urdu language in 1503 as a noun and adjective, and Pakistani English uses this word also as a noun and adjective. From Pakistani English, this word is directly borrowed by global English and the reason for this lexical borrowing is the dominance hypothesis.\par
8. Garam masala is the Arabic and the Persian word. In both languages, this word is used as a noun. The Urdu language directly borrowed this word as a noun. And now, it is also used in the global English and the reason for this borrowing is the dominance hypothesis.\par
9. Khaki word first used in the Persian language, and it came in the Urdu language as a noun. Pakistani English directly borrowed this word and now, the global English also uses this word. In global English, there are other similar words, but the reason for this lexical borrowing is the dominance hypothesis.\par
10. Pajamas word first used in the Persian language, and it came in the Urdu language in 1778 as a noun. Pakistani English directly borrowed this word, and now the global English also uses this word. In global English, there are other similar words, but the reason for this lexical borrowing is the dominance hypothesis. 
\section[{Factors influencing the morphological integration of loan words}]{Factors influencing the morphological integration of loan words}\par
There are two very significant factors which are affecting the morphological integration of the loan words. And these are linguistics and social factors. The behavior of the speakers is a very essential social factor. There are two categories of language behavior of the speakers, negative and positive language attitude. Talking about negative attitude, speakers borrow words from other languages to fill the linguistics gap, which shows the inadequacy of vocabulary items in their language. Usually, speakers give a new structure to a loan word to make it sound more like a native word, because they consider using a foreign language word in their language as a linguistics invasion. Therefore, they use integration process and change the very structure of the particular item according to their language. In case of a positive attitude, even though the speakers have a specific words in their language, but they still use other words from different languages just to highlight the linguistics appreciation. Usually, the speakers borrow an item in their language, which has more prestige. Thus, they portray competence, modern thoughts, and openness of their language and culture toward another language.\par
Here, another social factor comes into notice, with the social parameters of the speakers. It is that, if an educated, high class, young, female or urban speaker uses a loan word, it integrates less. While a similar loan word whenever use by the uneducated, low class, middle age, male or rural area speaker, it integrates more. The other category of the social parameter is the social use of loan words in different social domains like Science and Technology, Media, Sports, Fashion, Showbiz, and many others. Speakers are doing this borrowing and integration because of the use, necessities and requirements of their language.\par
With regard to linguistics factors, the most influential one is the very nature of the loanword. When this question comes, what morphological pattern a specific loan word will use to adjust, or to integrate itself, in a new system of a target language. The answer comes from the structure and the generative tendency of the particular loan word in the target language. Instead of the structure of the loan word, the system of the recipient language is also very significant because the very structure of the recipient language will help to predict the integration and modification of the loan word in the new system of the recipient language. This account establishes the fact that not only the nature of the loan word but also the productive nature of the recipient language is also very significant to predict or to understand the morphological integration of words in any language. It shows the generative and dynamic nature of the recipient language. 
\section[{V. Conclusion and Recommendations}]{V. Conclusion and Recommendations}\par
Pakistani English uses many loan words from Urdu and other local languages. The present investigation only talks about particular morphological attributes found in the fifty selected Urdu loan words. These results have established this fact that loan words are an integral part of Pakistani English, which makes Pakistani English a unique variety of English language. Also, this paper helps in understanding and specifying the unique features of morphological processes used in the integration of these selected Urdu loan words. The study is an attempt to fill the contextual research gap. This study suggests to compile the etymological dictionaries of loan words, which include the origin and morphological development of the loan words to increase the interest of the new researchers in this area. Because of the absence of the etymological lexicons, it was hard for the researcher to give unambiguous information about the origin of Urdu loan words used in Pakistani English. Many words of the Pakistani English became part of global English vocabulary, which is a significant characteristics, yet there is no hint of their history and information. This research limits itself to the variables, which are affecting the morphological integration of the loan words in Pakistani English. There is a need to conduct more studies on morphological integration in various different dialects of Pakistani English, to fill this contextual gap.   \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.07275985663082436\textwidth}P{0.017025089605734765\textwidth}P{0.17598566308243727\textwidth}P{0.06272401433691756\textwidth}P{0.023655913978494623\textwidth}P{0.04516129032258064\textwidth}P{0.1075268817204301\textwidth}P{0.05053763440860215\textwidth}P{0.13100358422939068\textwidth}P{0.14874551971326166\textwidth}P{0.014874551971326165\textwidth}}
1 2 1 2 No. No.\tabcellsep Mela Kebab Mela Kebab Loan words Loan words\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Sanskrit 1682 Persian 1602 Noun \& Noun adjective Sanskrit 1682 Noun Persian 1602 Noun \& adjective Etymology GM in Urdu Etymology GM in Urdu}\tabcellsep Noun Noun Noun Noun GM in PE GM in PE\tabcellsep Bound Bound Bound Bound Free/Bound Morpheme Free/Bound Morpheme\tabcellsep Inflection /s/ Inflection /s/ Inflection /s/ Inflection /s/ Lexical/Functional vs Derivational /Inflectional Lexical/Functional vs Derivational /Inflectional\tabcellsep Primary Primary Primary Primary Level of Integration Level of Integration\tabcellsep Suffixation Suffixation Suffixation Suffixation Morphological Process Morphological Process\tabcellsep Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Reason of lexical Borrowing Reason of lexical Borrowing\tabcellsep Year 2020\\
3 3\tabcellsep Majlis Majlis\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{adjective adjective Arabic 1602 Noun \& Arabic 1602 Noun \&}\tabcellsep Noun Noun\tabcellsep Bound Bound\tabcellsep Inflection /s/ Inflection /s/\tabcellsep Primary Primary\tabcellsep Suffixation Suffixation\tabcellsep Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis\tabcellsep 31\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{4 5 6 Whahabism Nawab Sufism 7 Hijabism 8 Desism 9 Pakistani 4 Nawab 5 Sufism 6 Whahabism 7 Hijabism 8 Desism 9 Pakistani 10 Lahori 10 Lahori}\tabcellsep Arabic 1800 Arabic (sufi) 1564 Arabic Arabic (hijab) 1611 Sanskrit (desi) 1700 Persian (Pakistan) 1933 Arabic 1800 Arabic (sufi) 1564 Arabic Arabic (hijab) 1611 Sanskrit (desi) 1700 Persian (Pakistan) 1933 Hindi Hindi\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Noun \& adjective Noun Adjective Noun Adjective Adjective Adjective Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun \& adjective Noun Noun Noun Adjective Noun Noun Noun Adjective Noun Adjective Adjective Adjective Adjective Adjective Adjective}\tabcellsep Bound Bound Bound Bound Bound Bound Bound Bound Bound Bound Bound Bound Bound Bound\tabcellsep Inflection /s/ Derivational /ism/ Derivational /ism/ Derivational /ism/ Derivational /ism/ Derivational /i/ Inflection /s/ Derivational /ism/ Derivational /ism/ Derivational /ism/ Derivational /ism/ Derivational /i/ Derivational /i/ Derivational /i/\tabcellsep Primary Partial Partial Partial Partial Primary Primary Partial Partial Partial Partial Primary Primary Primary\tabcellsep Suffixation Suffixation Suffixation Suffixation Suffixation Suffixation Suffixation Suffixation Suffixation Suffixation Suffixation Suffixation Suffixation Suffixation\tabcellsep Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis\tabcellsep Volume XX Issue II Version I\\
11 11\tabcellsep Punjabi Punjabi\tabcellsep (Lahore) (Lahore) Persian Persian\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Adjective Adjective Adjective Adjective}\tabcellsep Bound Bound\tabcellsep Derivational /i/ Derivational /i/\tabcellsep Primary Primary\tabcellsep Suffixation Suffixation\tabcellsep Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis\tabcellsep ( G )\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{12 13 14 15 Shaadi hall Bookie Nikkah ceremony Janazah prayer 16 Rikshaw stand 12 Bookie 13 Nikkah ceremony 14 Janazah prayer 15 Shaadi hall 16 Rikshaw stand 17 Gym khana 17 Gym khana}\tabcellsep Hindi Arabic (Nikkah) English (ceremony) Persian (Janazah) English (prayer) Perisn (Shaadi) Hall (English) Japanese (Riksahw) Stand (English ) (Gym) Perisn Hindi Arabic (Nikkah) English (ceremony) Persian (Janazah) English (prayer) Perisn (Shaadi) Hall (English) Japanese (Riksahw) Stand (English ) (Gym) Perisn English English\tabcellsep Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun\tabcellsep Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun\tabcellsep Nil Free Free Free Free Nil Free Free Free Free Free Free\tabcellsep Nil Lexical Lexical Lexical Lexical Nil Lexical Lexical Lexical Lexical Lexical Lexical\tabcellsep Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil\tabcellsep Nil Hybridization compounding Hybridization compounding Hybridization compounding Hybridization compounding compounding Nil Hybridization compounding Hybridization compounding Hybridization compounding Hybridization compounding compounding Hybridization Hybridization\tabcellsep Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis\tabcellsep -Global Journal of Human Social Science\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep (Khana) 1564 (Khana) 1564\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{18 Chai studio 18 Chai studio}\tabcellsep Persian Persian\tabcellsep Noun Noun\tabcellsep Noun Noun\tabcellsep Free Free\tabcellsep Lexical Lexical\tabcellsep Nil Nil\tabcellsep Hybridization Hybridization\tabcellsep Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep (Chai) Studio (Chai) Studio\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep compounding compounding\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep (English) (English)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{19 Pind road 19 Pind road}\tabcellsep Punjabi Punjabi\tabcellsep Noun Noun\tabcellsep Noun Noun\tabcellsep Free Free\tabcellsep Lexical Lexical\tabcellsep Nil Nil\tabcellsep Hybridization Hybridization\tabcellsep Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep (pind) (English) Road (pind) Road (English)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep compounding compounding\tabcellsep \\
20 20\tabcellsep Ghora Ghora\tabcellsep Sanskrit Sanskrit\tabcellsep Noun Noun\tabcellsep Noun Noun\tabcellsep Free Free\tabcellsep Lexical Lexical\tabcellsep Nil Nil\tabcellsep Hybridization Hybridization\tabcellsep Deficit hypothesis Deficit hypothesis\\
\tabcellsep street street\tabcellsep (Ghora) Street (Ghora) Street\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep © 20 compounding © 20 compounding\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep English English\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep © 2020 Global Journals\end{longtable} \par
  {\small\itshape [Note: ? Level of integration of loan word. (Primary, Partial \& Total) ? Use of Morphological process ? The motivation of the Lexical borrowing (Deficit hypothesis/Dominance hypothesis) List No. 1]} 
\caption{\label{tab_1}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.010238679455721614\textwidth}P{0.4844412223957172\textwidth}P{0.024838277938880212\textwidth}P{0.02085656926165514\textwidth}P{0.010997100156145438\textwidth}P{0.21444345304483603\textwidth}P{0.08418469774704439\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Morphological Integration of Urdu Loan Words in Pakistani English}\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{uses these two words uniquely as a compound}\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{noun, but this is a hybridized compounding. Both}\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{words are free lexical morphemes, and by joining}\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{them, they make up a new word. The reason for this}\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{lexical borrowing is that, in Pakistani English, there}\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical}\tabcellsep \\
Year 2020\tabcellsep \multicolumn{6}{l}{13. Nikkah is an Arabic word and, Ceremony is an English word. Both vocabulary items are the nouns in their respective source languages. Pakistani English uses these two words uniquely as a compound noun, but this is a hybridized compounding. Both words are free lexical morphemes, and by joining them, they make up a new word. The reason for this lexical borrowing is that, in Pakistani English, there was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical borrowing comes under the category of deficient hypothesis. 14. Janazah is a Persian word and, Prayer is an English borrowing comes under the category of deficient hypothesis. 20. Gora is the Sanskrit language word, and Street is an English word. Both words are the nouns in their respective source languages. Pakistani English uses these two words uniquely as a compound noun, but this is a hybridized compounding. Both words are free lexical morphemes, and by joining them, they make up a new word. The reason for this lexical borrowing is that, in Pakistani English, there was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical borrowing comes under the category of deficient 19. Therefore, this lexical borrowing comes under the category of deficient hypothesis. 18. Chai is a Persian language word, and Studio is an English language word. Both words are the nouns in their respective source languages. Pakistani English uses these two words uniquely as a compound noun, but this is a hybridized compounding. Both words are free lexical morphemes, and by joining them, they make up a new word. The reason for this lexical borrowing is that, in Pakistani English, there was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical borrowing comes under the category of deficient hypothesis. hypothesis.}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{List No. 2}\tabcellsep word. Both Vocabulary items are the nouns in their respective source languages. Pakistani English\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{6}{l}{uses these two words uniquely as a compound Urdu loan word used in Pakistani English without changings noun, but this is a hybridized compounding. Both words are free lexical morphemes, and by joining No. Urdu Loan Words GM in GM in Morphological Reason of Lexical Etymology Urdu PE Process Borrowing them, they make up a new word. The reason for this 1421 lexical borrowing is that, in Pakistani English, there 1 Shariah Arabic Noun Noun Direct Borrowing Deficit hypothesis}\\
\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep Tonga wala\tabcellsep Sanskrit\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical Direct Borrowing Deficit hypothesis\\
G ) ( -Global Journal of Human Social Science\tabcellsep 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10\tabcellsep Basant Biryani Pulao Haji Kabbadi Qawali Dupatta Shalwar\tabcellsep Sanskrit 1611 Persian 1832 Persian 1700 Arabic 1564 Parakat 1846 Arabic 1837 Persian 1421 1697 Persian\tabcellsep Noun Noun Noun Adjective Noun Noun Noun Noun\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{borrowing comes under the category of deficient hypothesis. 15. Shaadi is a Persian word and Hall is an English word. Both words are the nouns in their respective source languages. Pakistani English uses these two words uniquely as a compound noun, but this is a hybridized compounding. Both words are free lexical morphemes, and by joining them, they make up a new word. The reason for this lexical borrowing is that, in Pakistani English, there was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical borrowing comes under the category of deficient hypothesis. 16. Rikshaw is a Japanese word and, Stand is an English word. Both words are the nouns in their respective source languages. Pakistani English uses these two words uniquely as a compound noun, but this is a hybridized compounding. Both Noun Direct Borrowing Deficit hypothesis Noun Direct Borrowing Deficit hypothesis Noun Direct Borrowing Deficit hypothesis Adjective Direct Borrowing Deficit hypothesis Noun Direct Borrowing Deficit hypothesis Noun Direct Borrowing Deficit hypothesis Noun Direct Borrowing Deficit hypothesis Noun Direct Borrowing Deficit hypothesis}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep words are free lexical morphemes and by joining\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep them, they make up a new word. The reason for this\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep lexical borrowing is that, in Pakistani English, there\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep was not an equivalent term. Therefore, this lexical\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep borrowing comes under the category of deficient\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep hypothesis.\\
\tabcellsep © 2020 Global Journals\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
  {\small\itshape [Note: 17.Gym is an English word and Khana is a Persian language word. Both words are the nouns in their respective source languages. Pakistani English]} 
\caption{\label{tab_2}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.0036355859709153123\textwidth}P{0.10615911035072711\textwidth}P{0.041445680068434555\textwidth}P{0.05744225834046193\textwidth}P{0.08434559452523524\textwidth}P{0.04362703165098374\textwidth}P{0.08579982891360136\textwidth}P{0.058169375534645\textwidth}P{0.22322497861420015\textwidth}P{0.14615055603079555\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{Urdu loan words used in global English with changes}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
No.\tabcellsep Urdu loan words\tabcellsep Etymology\tabcellsep GM in Urdu\tabcellsep GM in PE\tabcellsep Free /bound morpheme\tabcellsep Lexical/Functional VS Inflectional/ Derivational\tabcellsep Level of Integration\tabcellsep Morphological process\tabcellsep Reason of lexical borrowing\\
\tabcellsep Cushy\tabcellsep Persian\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Adjective\tabcellsep Free\tabcellsep Lexical\tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep Total modification\tabcellsep Dominance\\
\tabcellsep (Kushi)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (Suppletion)\tabcellsep hypothesis\\
\tabcellsep Typhoon\tabcellsep Urdu\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Free\tabcellsep Lexical\tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep Total modification\tabcellsep Deficit\\
\tabcellsep (Toofaan)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (Suppletion)\tabcellsep hypothesis\\
\tabcellsep Cot\tabcellsep Urdu\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Free\tabcellsep Lexical\tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep Total modification\tabcellsep Deficit\\
\tabcellsep (Khaat)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (Suppletion)\tabcellsep hypothesis\\
\tabcellsep Bunglow\tabcellsep Urdu\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Free\tabcellsep Lexical\tabcellsep Partial\tabcellsep Total modification\tabcellsep Deficit\\
\tabcellsep (Bangla)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (Suppletion)\tabcellsep hypothesis\\
\tabcellsep Dungaree\tabcellsep Urdu\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Free\tabcellsep Lexical\tabcellsep Partial\tabcellsep Total modification\tabcellsep Deficit\\
\tabcellsep (Dangree)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (Suppletion)\tabcellsep hypothesis\\
\tabcellsep Loot\tabcellsep Urdu\tabcellsep Noun \&\tabcellsep Noun \&\tabcellsep Free\tabcellsep Lexical\tabcellsep Nil\tabcellsep Direct Borrowing\tabcellsep Deficit\\
\tabcellsep (Loot)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep verb\tabcellsep verb\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep hypothesis\\
\tabcellsep Veranda\tabcellsep Hindi\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Free\tabcellsep Lexical\tabcellsep Partial\tabcellsep Total modification\tabcellsep Deficit\\
\tabcellsep (Baramda)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (Suppletion)\tabcellsep hypothesis\\
\tabcellsep Thug\tabcellsep Urdu\tabcellsep Adjective\tabcellsep Adjective\tabcellsep Free\tabcellsep Lexical\tabcellsep Primary\tabcellsep Total modification\tabcellsep Deficit\\
\tabcellsep (Thag)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (Suppletion)\tabcellsep hypothesis\\
\tabcellsep Punch\tabcellsep Urdu\tabcellsep Countable\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Free\tabcellsep Lexical\tabcellsep Partial\tabcellsep Total modification\tabcellsep Deficit\\
\tabcellsep (Panch)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep noun/\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (Suppletion)\tabcellsep hypothesis\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Nominal\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
10\tabcellsep Copra\tabcellsep Sanskrit\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Free\tabcellsep Lexical\tabcellsep Primary\tabcellsep Total modification\tabcellsep Dominance\\
\tabcellsep (Khopra)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (Suppletion)\tabcellsep hypothesis\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_3}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.014893617021276595\textwidth}P{0.09148936170212767\textwidth}P{0.2127659574468085\textwidth}P{0.08404255319148936\textwidth}P{0.06063829787234042\textwidth}P{0.15957446808510636\textwidth}P{0.22659574468085109\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{List No. 4}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{Urdu loan words used in global English without changes}\tabcellsep \\
No.\tabcellsep Urdu loan words\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{Etymology GM in Urdu GM in PE Morphological process}\tabcellsep Reason of Lexical Borrowing\\
1\tabcellsep Halal\tabcellsep Arabic\tabcellsep Adjective\tabcellsep Adjective\tabcellsep Direct\tabcellsep Deficit hypothesis\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1635\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Borrowing\tabcellsep \\
2\tabcellsep Bazar\tabcellsep Persian\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Direct\tabcellsep Dominance\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1421\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Borrowing\tabcellsep hypothesis\\
3\tabcellsep Jungle\tabcellsep Sanskrit\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Direct\tabcellsep Dominance\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1611\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Borrowing\tabcellsep hypothesis\\
4\tabcellsep Moon soon\tabcellsep Urdu\tabcellsep Noun \&\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Direct\tabcellsep Deficit hypothesis\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Adjective\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Borrowing\tabcellsep \\
5\tabcellsep Cummer bund\tabcellsep Persian\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Direct\tabcellsep Dominance\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Borrowing\tabcellsep hypothesis\\
6\tabcellsep Cotton\tabcellsep Urdu\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Direct\tabcellsep Deficit hypothesis\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Borrowing\tabcellsep \\
7\tabcellsep Chita\tabcellsep Sanskrit\tabcellsep Noun \&\tabcellsep Noun \&\tabcellsep Direct\tabcellsep Dominance\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1503\tabcellsep adjective\tabcellsep Adjective\tabcellsep Borrowing\tabcellsep hypothesis\\
8\tabcellsep Garam masala\tabcellsep Arabic and\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Direct\tabcellsep Deficit hypothesis\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Persian\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Borrowing\tabcellsep \\
9\tabcellsep Khaki\tabcellsep Persian\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Direct\tabcellsep Dominance\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Borrowing\tabcellsep hypothesis\\
10\tabcellsep Pajamas\tabcellsep Persian\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Noun\tabcellsep Direct\tabcellsep Dominance\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1778\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Borrowing\tabcellsep hypothesis\end{longtable} \par
  {\small\itshape [Note: 1. Halal word came in the Urdu language from the Arabic language in 1635. In the Urdu language, this word is used as an adjective. Pakistani English borrowed this word from the Urdu language. Pakistani English uses this word as an adjective.The Urdu language directly borrowed this word from]} 
\caption{\label{tab_4}}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{. Basant is the word of the Sanskrit language. It came in the Urdu in 1611 as a noun, and Pakistani English uses this word also as a noun, and the reason for this lexical borrowing is the deficit hypothesis. 4. Biryani is the Persian word came in the Urdu language in 1832 as a noun, and Pakistani English directly borrowed this word. Deficit hypothesis became the reason for this lexical borrowing. 5. Pulao word first used in the Persian language, later the Urdu language borrowed it as a noun in 1700. And Pakistani English borrowed this word from the} 			\footnote{© 2020 Global Journals} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\end{document}
