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\title{Globalization and Nigeria International Image: Its Adaptability, Challenges, and Prospect}
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             \author[1]{Ugonma Joy  Ugbor-kalu}

             \author[2]{Dr. Nwoke Hyacinth  Udede}

             \author[3]{Dr. Ugbor Ikwor  Kalu}

             \affil[1]{  University of Nigeria Nsukka}

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\date{\small \em Received: 8 December 2019 Accepted: 3 January 2020 Published: 15 January 2020}

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\begin{abstract}
        


The globalization process had increased interaction between nations and inflow of goods and services as well as aspirations and interest within the global community. It also helps to increase a nation's gross domestic products and encourage development at a broader scale. However, a state with an image crisis cannot correctly join the globalization process because it had to battles with its integrity and credibility. Thus, this research work analyzes the nexus between globalization and Nigeria international image, its adaptability, challenges, and prospect. The central question for this study is how Nigeria international image crisis impacts, on its ability to adapt to the ongoing globalization process. The structural functionalism theory was employed as our theoretical framework of analysis to argue that the nature of Nigeria political structures and corruption has produced a pattern of predictable behavior in the international system hence the image crisis. Also, the study adopts qualitative research and documentary methods of data collection and recommends that institutional structures in Nigeria should be arranged in such a way that there will be promotion of the rule of law in the system.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{globalization, international image, system, adaptability, institutional structures.}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
ince the mercantile period globalization had boosted the interaction between states, especially in the area of exchange of goods and services and an increase in economic development. International image is one of the perquisites for the level of influence and relevance of a nation's degree of interaction in the international system. Image crisis denies a nation its integrity and credibility by other states and makes it difficult for a state to marketing or advertising its goods in the international system because states will like to question the authenticity of such goods. In the words of \hyperref[b2]{Ajayi (2005)} Nigeria's image crisis is historical as it is a recent phenomenon in Nigeria from independence till date Nigeria had preoccupied in maintaining Afrocentric foreign policy and careless of its interaction beyond the African continent. Even within the African nation, Nigeria still battles with its image crisis. Little attention had been taken to re-orient Nigerians towards universal values and norms, a sense of discipline, honesty, and good manners outside one own states.\par
Immediately after the civil war, Nigeria faces image problem which has to do with reconstruction and rehabilitation, which was later resolved with its foreign policy as Africa the center peace of Nigeria  {\ref (Egweni, 2010)}. However, in the 1980s and later 1990s, even in the 20 th century Nigeria image crisis continue to increase at a higher height. An image which a country has depicts its influence and prestige which it exhibited beyond its boundaries. The image in this context means perception and international reputation on which a country habits its mode of interaction with other countries. The image a country attempt to create through its foreign policy must have a meaningful impact and influence on the world around and guided by its national interest  {\ref (Boma, Ta and Tbegyu 2015)}. The process of trying to create an image in the international system is an essential aspect of globalization which a country should not overlook. Image though depends on how people perceived a nation in international relations, is a product of the function of the political leaders and their character. Nigeria for years had been recorded with corruption, nepotism, leadership deficit, and authoritarian democracy (Tayomi, Chidozie and \hyperref[b9]{Ajayi 2015)}. They further argued that Nigeria had been denied most of its foreign direct investment, which could have helped to boost the much needed economic growth and development as a result of an image crisis in the international scene. \hyperref[b15]{Oluwatoyin and Folasade (2013)} noted that the level of poverty in Nigeria is too high, and it had created some social vices in the society and outflow of deviant behavior on the part of the youths.\par
Moreover, this is detrimental to the country as a whole. Globalization, on the other hand, enhanced and deepens linkages of national economies into a worldwide market for goods and service. It seeks to remove all national barriers to free trade. There have been several instances of Nigerians in several countries languishing in prisons on death row, deported, tortured, marginalized detained yet the Nigerian leaders do nothing about it, and several Nigerians are maltreated abroad wherever they found themselves. The problem associated with this scenario had worsened citizen diplomacy of Nigeria with various countries of the world. Given such a situation, what is the basis of our interaction with the outside world when Nigeria has dent image that continually calls for one issue or the other? Most writers had argued that charity begins at home and the behavior of Nigerians outside the nation had been attributed to the ineffective government who careless of its citizens and thus exposing them to severe global problems.\par
On the other hand, Nigeria had been faced with the issue of crops farmer/ herders conflict, which creates a lot of insecurity in the country, such as human insecurity and food insecurity in the country. Also, the terrorist attack of various kinds, Boko harm insurgency, constant threat among the federating unit with each unit trying to secede, coupled with corrupt leaders. These are good examples of internal image crisis which Nigerian experience and which the interacting states in the global world is afraid of battling with. With this situation, Nigeria will have a problem meeting up with the globalization process and will not meet up with boosting its socio-economic development. Based on this backdrop, this study interrogates the interface between globalization and Nigeria international image in the fourth republic with emphasis on Nigeria adaptability to the process, challenges, and prospect. 
\section[{II.}]{II.} 
\section[{Statement of Problem}]{Statement of Problem}\par
The most important aspect of the globalization process is the establishment of multi-interaction with many nations of the world. So some of the aspects of the globalization depend mainly on how nation-states manage their foreign policies. The main objective of foreign policy is the establishment of cordial relationship and understanding among states and this geared towards achieving national interest as well as a private interest. Also, globalization makes it possible that local industries had chances to sell their products beyond their boundaries. To accelerate and encourage local industries into the national market needs much careful management of the nation's external relations. A country saddled with an image crisis is bound to have a problem with its interaction with other countries. According to work done by Bankole (2018) Nigeria had been bedeviled with insurgency attack, extrajudicial executions, torture, death and ill-treatment of Nigerians in Nigeria and abroad, military detention camps, communal violence, occurring across the country, austerity measures, natural disasters that push many into poverty and insecurity, millions are forced to flee their homes across international boarder.\par
Duke, Agbaji, and Charles (2018) noted that Nigeria's image tarnishes while she simultaneously loses substantial foreign direct investment and her energetic young human resource that migrates because they believe the country is not conducive for them. They further argued that a country is performing well in trade and entrepreneurship development attributed to image beyond the nation's boundaries in order to reap the benefits of globalization. On the other hand, the benefits could be undermined by the behavior of individuals without roared to international norms and values. Anheler and Isar (2007) argued that individual behavior, which is spontaneous is an integral part of their social life. The new constructing societal values hurt individual and building social cohesion diminishes as individual behave in ways that create problem in society. Furthermore, the consequences of the Nigeria international image crisis will have an adverse effect on Nigeria socio-economic development. The debate on the nature of the behavior of Nigerians is taking place virtually in Africa and most states in the world today, and this had worsened by the corrupt Nigeria leadership style, the use of information technology among others.\par
Though in the literature, attention was given on the Nigeria international image and foreign policies little attention had been given on the nexus between globalization and Nigeria international image adaptability and challenges. This study will adequately and holistically analyze and ascertain globalization and Nigeria international image concerning its adaptability, challenges, and prospect. The following research questions will guide the study: a) Does the existence of corruption in Nigeria undermine its adaptability to globalization process and Nigeria international image? b) Does the governance structure in Nigeria accounts for Nigeria poor adaptability to globalization and Nigeria right international image?\par
III. 
\section[{Literature Review}]{Literature Review}\par
From, the available literature, most writers argued on the effect of corruption on Nigeria economy. Work done by  {\ref Nwogu and Ijirsha (2016)} analyze that the long reign of corruption in the country has impacted negatively on Nigeria economic development growth and as well as deteriorated our cultural values. He further asserts that different argument had been put forward for corruption which includes, poverty, personalization of public office, political culture, the inability of leaders to overcome their colonial mentality in respect of their perception of public office among others. Also, this is exhibited by the deteriorating rate of cultural values in Nigeria. Furthermore, corruption had eaten deep into Nigeria institution structures and corruption stem from the selfish, self-motivated and selfseeking attitudes of our leaders who are interested in serving their pockets. It has deteriorated the cherished and acceptable standards and cultural values in Nigeria. Thus it affects the level of development in Nigeria, and most importantly increases the poverty level. The institution structures in Nigeria had helped to institutionalized corruption in Nigeria and on that hand, they continue to show the tendency to stop corruption in Nigeria while they are helping to increase it.\par
Egwueni (2010) noted that Nigeria had a right image between the periods  {\ref 1960-1967, 1970-1983, 1999-2007} and negative image grew between the periods  {\ref 1960 -1967, 1970 -1983, 1999 -2007} and continue to increase from the periods, 2007 -2014 till date. Uchem (2009) attributed it to the growing level of corrupt practices in Nigeria using the internet advance fee fraud. He further analyzed that the inability to address the allegations that the State supported and condoned the advance fee fraud and other related practices among other things despite the promulgated laws, undermine Nigeria image and its effort to join correctly in the globalization process. Okuntola (2013) argued that since the adoption of the international monetary fund/World Bank structural adjustment program in 1986, which focus on attracting foreign investors to Nigeria. The rate was not encouraging due to the high prevalence of crimes, fraudulent commercial practice, and drug trafficking as well as policy inconsistency which anchored on Nigeria image problem. Nigerians engage in criminality, the incessant frauds perpetrated against potential foreign investors, inefficient infrastructure, human right abuses, increase in money laundering, drug trafficking and the entire Northern Nigerian image in the international scene. He further analyzed that:\par
Advance fee fraud is a phrase used to describe a variety of offences, which involved fraudulent activities relating to the financing of huge projects investment or currency transactions under false pretence. In Nigeria, the offence is punishable under Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code, hence the Nigerian pseudonym "419". The most common advance fee fraud scheme from Nigeria consisted of deluge of letters sent through the mail and/or by fax, proposing fictitious business opportunities most of which were intended to appeal the recipient greed (Okuntola, 2014: 64).\par
Apart from corruption, Fayomi, Chidozie and Ajayi (2015) look at the National question which had not been resolved for decades and that the origin of Nigeria's image crisis is the violence electoral politics in the first republic that culminated in the first military coup of January 15, 1996, which led to Nigeria civil war. Moreover, thousand of Nigerians are behind bars across the world for drug peddling, and currency trafficking, the kidnapping and hostages of expatriates which make the nation a risky destination for investors. \hyperref[b5]{Campell (2017)} argued that Nigeria administrators have come to expect that bribery and nepotism will triumph over meritocracy, and so they participate in it to preserve their selfishinterest. He further noted that it is Nigerians that are corrupt, not Nigeria. Odo (2015) also argued that despite the agencies establish to take care of corruption in Nigeria such as EFCC (the Economic and Financial Crime Commission) and the ICPC (Independent Corrupt Practices and Others Related Offences Commission) and its targeted programs. Yet corruption rains every aspect of the country's national life with severe damages to her image before the international community. It is a way of life that is detriment to the Nigeria society. Also Egweni (2010) noted that despite the effort of Dora Akunyili program on rebranding of Nigeria under late Yar Adua administration which was an attempt to take and re-examine our value and character, rededicating our self to nation hood, still Nigeria image crisis persisted. This is important because it is our major index in judging our stand visa-vies other nation.\par
Egobueze (2017) opines that the long periods of military rule in Nigeria had dismantled democratic institutions in Nigeria and thus made Nigeria a Pariah State of corruption and such it had become part and parcel of every Nigeria. It had significantly affected Nigeria interaction with other nations. Boma, terfa, and Tsegqu (2015) stated that internationally, the pervasive corruption in Nigeria had tarnished the image of the country and has resulted in foreign nationals exercising extreme caution in entering into business transactions with Nigerians thereby weakening the economic sector and other political institution.\par
Most states see Nigerians as corrupt nations and will not like to do business with them. On the other hand, some writers look at the governance structure in Nigeria as a factor that undermines Nigeria international image and inability to catch up with the globalization process. Political governance had created Boko Haram, with its problem of internally displaced persons, Biafra agitation for a separate state, devaluation of naira, declining foreign reserves, Nigerian behavior and activities go a long way in defining our national image. Our public image has, in recent, exhibited a negative posture. Governance is not all about winning the election but is all about image credibility which the government can champion beyond its boundaries. A state that wants to undertake economic development must set rules and the parameter of the behavior of individuals in the society and build the structure of the institution \hyperref[b8]{(Fasan 2018}) and Folami (n.d). \hyperref[b17]{Ujara (2014)} argued that the lack of confidence of Nigerians in Diaspora for their country to rescue them caused by the response and behavior of Nigerian foreign mission abroad.\par
Also, according to Onwubio (2011), most Nigerians are interested in running away from poverty that gets Nigerians, and unemployment and a high level of insecurity existing in the nation. So the governance structure does not champion the interest of every Nigerian abroad, primarily through the foreign policy arrangement. This situation warrants taking care of citizens beyond its territories. However, looking at Nigeria's economic potential, which has earned her consideration for inclusion on the periphery countries, which have the ability for engaging, in global competitiveness, based on their economic foundation, for reforms already laid down. The economic factors including trade, investment working population could influence the behavior of states in the international system although other factors like weak state capacity, mismanagement of economy and absence of national consensus have limited the option for Nigeria in the conduct of foreign affairs. Adebayo, Egbedina and Lawal (2015) analyzed that the manifestation of globalization and Nigeria adaptation has a lot to do with the governance in the consolidation of democracy which has a direct link in bringing out a right image for Nigeria. The enlightenment, of the citizen, the habituation of democratic ethos, adherence to constitutionalism, and the rule of law, as well as proper management of economic liberalization also has a role to play in Nigeria right image.\par
Okorofor and Dike (2010) opine that our international image has a lot to do with globalization challenges and integration because our international relationship can bread patriotism and have a significant role in our adaptability to international best practices and then greater participation to the globalization process. He further advocates that the government should have a lot to do with the transformation of the negative behavior of Nigerians beyond its boundaries.\par
However, the effort of these authors and their writing top have been wholly spurious; unfortunately, the interface between globalization and Nigeria international image was not fully explored. The need to fill this observed gap in the literature aptly motivated this research work. 
\section[{IV. Materials, Sources, and Methods}]{IV. Materials, Sources, and Methods}\par
The data for this study were collected through documentary sources in order to get vital information documented in textbooks, internet sources, journals, and newspapers. The study also adopts the use of descriptive statistics such as the use of the table, percentage and bar charts to illustrate information which forms a robust view of Nigeria adaptability on the globalization process and the future challenges. The content analysis method helps illuminate the discussion recommendation and conclusion of the paper.\par
The study perspective of this work includes Nigerians that travel abroad for greener pastures and document from the ministry of foreign Affairs was scan through to look through diplomatic missions abroad and logistics involved. 
\section[{a) Theoretical Perspective}]{a) Theoretical Perspective}\par
The image a nation exhibits in the international system shows, to a greater extent, the nature of the interaction between states. The Nigeria image had shown a significant challenge to the globalization process. It is shown in the behavior of Nigerian both inside and outside Nigeria. Nigerians had been involves in kidnapping, banditry, drug trafficking, among other related offenses that destroy Nigeria international image. However, there is a need for Nigeria to adapt to the globalization process by ensuring the right image in the international system. This study adopts the structural functionalism theory as our theoretical framework of analysis. Herbert Spencer popularized structural-functionalism; other proponents are August Comte, Emile Durkheim. Structural Functionalism sees society as a complex system whose part work together to promote solidarity and stability. It sees social structures' that shape society as a whole. It also looks at social structures and social function and addresses the society in terms of its constituting element, namely norms, customs, tradition, and institutions. Stemming from our analytical perspective, Nigerians abroad have their duty to respect the international norms, rules, and regulations guiding the conduct of states they reside on and also obey their principles in the conduct of states. Therefore if the structures, especially the government institutions, are structured in such a way that they perform their functions very well there will be complete solidarity in the system. The political institutions in Nigeria are fragile and contribute little or no effort in ensuring the enforcement of the rule of law in the country.\par
Moreover, this is the reason why the corruption level in Nigeria, over the years, remains constant, with minimum improvement. The governance structure contributes little or no effort in ensuring the welfare of the citizen, and also it has ended up in ensuring institutionalized corruption. The constitution has ensured that leadership selection comes from one segment of the governance structures; for instance, leadership continually plays in the hands of Northerners who always like to maintain their hegemonic interest in the country. It has exhibited the system of autocratic rule in the country, and it has no keen interest in ensuring foreign direct investment, infrastructural development, provision of security to citizen both, safety, food security to prevent poverty, human resources development, employment among others. 
\section[{b) Statement of Hypothesis}]{b) Statement of Hypothesis}\par
a. The existence of corruption in Nigeria affects Nigeria adaptability to globalization process and international image crisis. b. The structure of governance in Nigeria accounts for Nigeria low adaptability to globalization process and international image perception.\par
V. 
\section[{Results and Discussions}]{Results and Discussions}\par
In our empirical verification using hypothesis one, we examine the Nigeria corruption index over the years. From 2008 to 2017 as shown by table one below and its percentage change over the years in the world Nigeria corruption perception index fluctuated substantially in recent years, and is shown in the table above. The value shows that the level of corruption remains the way it is and depicts less efforts of the Nigeria government in combating corruption. Despite, anti-corruption, crusade in Nigeria. Nigeria is still corrupt. From the index, Nigeria scores 27 out of 100 points in 2018, maintaining the same score as compared to other years. Also, all efforts and anticorruption crusade carried out by President Muhammadu Buhari regime, and there is still a high level of corruption in Nigeria. Although Nigeria level of corruption has not grown to the level of corruption in Somalia, a country in Sub-Sahara Africa but a country with such corruption tendency image over the years called for its integrity and credibility in the international system.\par
Nigeria state had been characterized by institutionalized corruption, and this correlated with the undemocratic regimes in Nigeria. Over the years, as stated in the table, there is a remarkable increase with little reduction where applicable. The democratic regimes had not made any impact in reducing corruption drastically in Nigeria. Also, this had affected our image crisis beyond the nation's boundaries. Most nations in the world today sees Nigeria as a corrupt nation and assuming such position in a globalized world called for an immediate change of attitude and orientation so that Nigeria can be competitively favorable with the globalization process and as well adapt to the ever-challenging changing process.\par
Corruption has also become a buzz word, and a social value in Nigeria, and this had affected Nigerians in Diaspora. It is because they cannot pleasant stay outside Nigeria with their immune culture because back home, the environment was unfavorable. The government cares less about its citizen. Most Nigerian politicians are fraudulent, and they are always involved in money laundering. Despite the efforts made to stop corruption yet, it lingers in Nigeria politics. In the words of Edusanya (2019), corruption is one of the major problems facing Nigeria and that politicians are known for their corrupt deeds, and 70\% of corruption practices come from Nigeria politicians. Government officials put fund that belongs to the public to a foreign bank account and also private citizens are known for their money laundering. They hide billions of naira under different names.\par
Furthermore, the corrupt nature in selecting diplomats, the undemocratic nature in conducting the election, and discrepancies in the ethnically oriented selection, especially where those in the elective post comes from one segment of the country, affairs affect the country's international image. In order to encourage socio-economic development in Nigeria, there is the need to combat corruption at the root level otherwise it will continue to hurt our international image and as well prevent Nigeria in adapting to the globalization process. Therefore for socio-economic development in Nigeria and to join and gain from the forces of globalization, there is the need to combat corruption if not Nigeria will find it challenging to adapt to international rules and norms. Reduction in the moral foundation of Nigeria/the threat to the state ability to champion its foreign policy Nonexistence of ethical value, principle and rules/ discrepancies in the selection of diplomats a) Hypothesis \hyperref[b1]{(2)} The structure of governance in Nigeria accounts for low adaptability of Nigeria to the globalization process.\par
Reflecting on our international image crisis, the researcher found out that governance structure should be blame for image crisis in the international system. It is because the government had not provided safety for individuals in Nigeria talk more about those outside the country. It prevented foreign investors in Nigeria from investing. Most Nigeria citizens living abroad had been engaging in different offenses, such as entering into cults, kidnapping, and drug peddlers, among others. Even citizen diplomacy that was develop in order to enhance citizens welfare and national image building and the number one stakeholder and first beneficiaries of external engagement yet it was found out that Nigerians case continue to be intimidated and oppressed within and abroad, cases abound where Nigerians are deported for allegedly presiding fake yellow fever card by south Africa and Nigerians had experience Xenophobia attack in South Africa for many years even in Saudi Arabia and China and Nigerians had been killed over drug-related offenses. These, as shown above, do not give the right image for Nigerians abroad. It observed that the government does nothing about Nigerian that killed abroad neither does the governance encourage economic development to prevent Nigerian traveling abroad for greener pastures. However, enhanced global linkages mean that economic interconnection will help to develop Nigeria at a higher height, but the governance structures do not encourage foreign direct investment to encourage socio-economic priorities. The table above shows Nigeria foreign direct investment 2018-2017. The Nigeria foreign direct investment fluctuates over the periods, and currently, it is low. Is attributed to the level of insecurity, which creates Fulani herder attack on farmers and Boko haram in Nigeria, which prevent foreign investors from investing in Nigeria and coupled with its image crisis outside its territory. Also, the table below shows the foreign investment, net outflows, and percentage of GDP. The net outflow of investment fluctuated over the year, among other reasons being the over-reliance on oil products with little or no diversification, especially in the non-oil sector. Other reasons include the nature of governance structure that does not support infrastructural development in other to encourage industrialization in Nigeria. 
\section[{VI. Conclusion and Recommendation}]{VI. Conclusion and Recommendation}\par
This study examines the relationship between globalization and Nigeria international image through an investigation of corruption and governance in Nigeria.\par
Poor attention has been given on the interface between globalization and Nigeria international image, and how it affects its adaptability to ongoing globalization process and the fundamental challenges it posses to Nigeria policy. It argued that corruption had affected Nigeria image problems over the year, especially in the fourth republic and also hindered the country participated in the globalization process. To examine this, we collected data on Nigeria corruption index 2009-2018, and the result shows that Nigeria is among most corrupt nation in the world and this had contributed in tarnishing its image in the international system.\par
Furthermore, data were collected to show Nigerians in different countries engage in drug trafficking, sentenced to death for committing one offense or the other which have an impact on Nigeria image crisis. So this hurt Nigeria adapting to the globalization process. The researcher also investigated the governance structures as instrument that contributed to Nigeria international image crisis and found out that the governance structure does not encourage development in the country either does it secure security for its citizens even Nigerians abroad suffer a lot of human right abuse and also data were collected on Nigeria foreign direct investment and it shows that over the years Nigeria foreign direct investment had been on the decline as a result of insecurity, infrastructural deficit among others. Also, the governance structure create an institutionalized culture of corruption and cannot enforce the rule of law in the country, and this had affected the behavior of Africans in diasporas visa vies the image crisis Hence, the Nigeria international image crisis affects Nigeria adaptability to the globalization process. However, the study recommends the enforcement of the rule of law in the country, and this will go a long way in ensuring the safety of foreign investor to Nigeria and ensuring accountability. The government should provide jobs for youths, and make the country conducive for the citizens to stay, Nigerians in Diaspora should be given diplomatic attention and orientation should be given them on international norms, value, and principles.\par
Volume XX Issue I Version I 54 ( F )\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.4146728971962617\textwidth}P{0.4353271028037383\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep 51\\
\tabcellsep Volume XX Issue I Version I\\
\tabcellsep ( F )\\
Problems\tabcellsep Indicators\\
Reduction in foreign investment\tabcellsep Infrastructure deficit/ insecurity\\
Loss of trust in the government and individual in a\tabcellsep Non implementation of reliable business laws in the\\
business relationship\tabcellsep country\\
Strengthening of the crime beyond the nation's\tabcellsep The killing of Nigerians outside Nigeria for drug\\
boundaries and ill-treatment of Nigerians\tabcellsep trafficking and high incident or unemployment.\\
Reduction in investment attractiveness and outflow of\tabcellsep Insecurity and inability do business abroad\\
investment\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.18864795918367347\textwidth}P{0.5897959183673469\textwidth}P{0.07155612244897959\textwidth}}
Month/year\tabcellsep Offenses\tabcellsep Country\\
Dec 21, 2017\tabcellsep Two Nigerians students sentenced to death for drug trafficking\tabcellsep Malaysia\\
August 6, 2018\tabcellsep 116 Nigerians trapped in Libya\tabcellsep Libya\\
April 8, 2019\tabcellsep Two Nigerians stabbed to death in Turf Road\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep 53 Nigerians killed in Saudi Arabia for Drug Trafficking. Also, 5\tabcellsep Saudi Arabia\\
April 2, 2019\tabcellsep Nigerians were killed for robbing by bureau de change in\tabcellsep United emirate\\
\tabcellsep Shariah\tabcellsep \\
April 21, 2019\tabcellsep British worker shot dead by the kidnapper and abducted three\tabcellsep \\
June 21, 2019\tabcellsep 5 Nigerians killed by angry Ghanaian youth for stealing\tabcellsep Ghana\\
\tabcellsep 8 Nigerians ATM robber sentenced to death for a string\tabcellsep \\
April 18, 2019\tabcellsep robbery at the money exchange and cash machines left in\tabcellsep United Arah Emirate\\
\tabcellsep Dubai\tabcellsep \\
April 23, 2019\tabcellsep Nigeria arrested in Cyprus for the murder of Nigerian student accused of stealing his roommate money\tabcellsep Cyprus\\
April 22, 2019\tabcellsep Two Nigerians arrested with N125m worth of drugs in the Philippines\tabcellsep Philippines\\
May 3, 2019\tabcellsep The Nigerian rudders killed and seven arrested\tabcellsep Indonesia\\
June 7, 2019 August, 23 2019\tabcellsep Indonesia executed Nigerians for drug-related offenses 80 Nigerians involved in internet scam for \$46m\tabcellsep USA\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Adapted from information guide, naira laud, premium Times daily port, punch news, gistaria.}\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}Table 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.5777777777777778\textwidth}P{0.2722222222222222\textwidth}}
52\tabcellsep \\
Volume XX Issue I Version I\tabcellsep \\
( F )\tabcellsep \\
Year\tabcellsep Value in US dollars\\
2010\tabcellsep 0.73\\
2011\tabcellsep 1.74\\
2012\tabcellsep 2.6\\
2013\tabcellsep 1.53\\
2014\tabcellsep 2.7\\
2015\tabcellsep 0.75\\
2016\tabcellsep 1.04\\
2017\tabcellsep 0.58\\
Adopted from pro share, April 2018\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_3}Table 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.2764563106796117\textwidth}P{0.416747572815534\textwidth}P{0.15679611650485437\textwidth}}
Year\tabcellsep Value in dollars\tabcellsep Percentage\\
2010\tabcellsep 911,716,700\tabcellsep 0.25\\
2011\tabcellsep 816,764,600\tabcellsep 0.20\\
2012\tabcellsep 1,530129,000\tabcellsep 0.33\\
2013\tabcellsep 1,227,438,000\tabcellsep 0.24\\
2014\tabcellsep 1,60,233,000\tabcellsep 0.28\\
2015\tabcellsep 1,465,378,000\tabcellsep 0.30\\
2016\tabcellsep 1,300,900,000\tabcellsep 0.32\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Retrieved from Mundi live index.com}\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_4}Table 4 :}\end{figure}
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