@incollection{, 3C4007F17317811FD471D471B98BD2F8 , author={{Mr. Muhammad ZubairKhan} and {Gomal University Pakistan}}, journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}}, journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS, address={Cambridge, United States}, publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1254352 } @book{b0, , author={{ JBAbramson } and { FCArterton } and { GROrren }} , title={{The Electronic Commonwealth: The Impact of New Media Technologies on Democratic Politics}} New York , publisher={Basic Books} , year={1988} } @book{b1, , title={{The Internet, election campaigns and the citizens: state of affairs}} , author={{ EvaAnduiza }} , year={2009} } @incollection{b2, , title={{}} , journal={{Quaderns del CAC}} 33 } @incollection{b3, , title={{Global Civil Society or 'Networked Globality': Beyond the Territorialist and Societalist Paradigm}} , author={{ BarrieAxford }} , journal={{Globalizations}} 1 2 , year={2004} } @book{b4, , title={{Power in the global age}} , author={{ UlrichBe Ck }} , year={2006} , publisher={Polity} , address={Cambridge, UK} } @book{b5, , title={{Impact of ICT Revolution on the African Academic Landscape. CO DESRIA Conference on Electronic Publishing and Dissemination}} , author={{ MariaABeebe }} , year={2004. September 2004. August 20. 2008} , address={Dakar, Senegal. 1 -2} } @incollection{b6, , title={{Toward a Definition of "Virtual Worlds}} , author={{ MarkWBell }} , journal={{Journ al of Virtual Worlds Research}} 1 1 , year={2008. July. 2010} , note={Retrieved on August} } @book{b7, , title={{Modem Nation: The H andbook of Grassroots American Activism Online}} , author={{ CBowen }} , year={1996} , publisher={Random House} , address={New York} } @incollection{b8, , title={{Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship}} , author={{ DanahMBoyd } and { NBEllison }} , journal={{Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication}} 13 1 , year={2008. May 02. 2009} , note={Retrieved on} } @book{b9, , title={{Ele ctronic Democracy: Using the Internet to Influence American Politics}} , author={{ GBrowning }} , year={1996} , publisher={Pemberton Press} , address={Wilton, CT} } @book{b10, , title={{The media in the network society. Lisbon, Po rtugal: Center for Research and Studies in Sociology}} , author={{ GustavoCardoso }} , year={2006. April 20. 2010} , note={Retrieved on} } @book{b11, , title={{Publi c Opinion and the Communication of Consent}} , author={{ JCarey }} , editor={T. Glasser and C. Salmon} , year={1995} , publisher={Guilford} , address={New York} } @incollection{b12, , title={{The new public sphere: Global civil society, communication networks, and global governance}} , journal={{ANNALS}} , editor={1Castells, Manuel.} 616 , year={March, 2008} , publisher={AAPSS} } @book{b13, , title={{We Want to be Teachers, Not Programmers: In Pursuit of Relevance and Authenticity for Initial Teacher Education Students Studying an Information Technology Subject at an Australian University}} , author={{ Anthony&Chan } and { JWMark } and { Lee }} , year={2007} } @incollection{b14, , title={{}} , journal={{Technology in Education}} 6 79 , note={Retrieved on April 23, 2010 from http://ejite.isu.edu/Volume6/Chan.pdf} } @book{b15, , title={{Digital destiny. New media and the future of democracy}} , author={{ JeffChester }} , year={2007} , publisher={New Press} , address={New York} } @incollection{b16, , title={{Transcending Borders? Reassessing Public Spheres in a}} , author={{ AngelaMCrack }} , journal={{Networked World. Globalizations}} 4 3 , year={2007. September} } @incollection{b17, , title={{The Internet And Democratic Discourse: Exploring the prospects of online deliberative forums extending the public sphere}} , author={{ LincolnDahlberg }} , journal={{Information, Communication & Society}} 4 , year={2001} } @book{b18, , title={{Social software: Elearning beyond learning management systems}} , author={{ ChristianDalsgaard }} , year={2006} } @incollection{b19, , title={{Distance and E-Learning}} , journal={{European Journal of Open}} , year={March 21. 2011} } @book{b20, , author={{ WendyDrexler } and { KaraDawson } and { RichardEFerdig }} , title={{Collaborative Blogging as a Means to Develop Elementary Expository Writing Skills}} , year={2007} } @incollection{b21, , title={{}} , journal={{Technology in Education}} 6 140 } @book{b22, , title={{Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communications}} , author={{ ElihuKatz } and { PaulLazarsfeld }} , year={2005} , publisher={Transaction Publishers} } @book{b23, , title={{}} , author={{ MohammedEl-Nawawy } and { AdelIskander }} , year={2002} } @book{b24, , title={{How the free Arab news network scooped the world and changed the Middle East}} , author={{ Al-Jazeera }} , publisher={Westview} , address={Cambridge, MA} } @book{b25, , title={{Mediamorphosis: Understanding New Media}} , author={{ RogerFidler }} , year={1997} , publisher={Pine Forge Press. California} } @book{b26, , title={{Transnationalizing the Public Sphere}} , author={{ NFraser }} , year={2005. January 05. 2012} } @book{b27, , title={{On the edge: Living with global capitalism}} , author={{ AnthonyGiddens } and { WillHutton }} , year={2000} , publisher={Jonathan Cape} , address={London} } @book{b28, , title={{The Electronic Republic}} , author={{ LKGrossman }} , year={1995} , address={New York; Viking} } @book{b29, , title={{Transnational environmental policy: Reconstructing ozone}} , author={{ ReinerGrundmann }} , year={2001} , publisher={Routledge} , address={London} } @book{b30, , author={{ JHabermas } and { SaraLennox } and { FrankLennox }} , title={{The Public Sphere: An Encyclopedia}} , year={1964/1974} } @book{b31, , title={{Rethinking Popular Culture: Contemporary Perspectives in Cultural Studies}} , author={{ JHabermas }} , editor={C. Mukerji and M. Schudson} , year={1991} , publisher={University of California Press} , address={Berkeley, CA} , note={The Public Sphere} } @book{b32, , title={{Between facts and norms: Contributions to a discourse theory of law and democracy}} , author={{ JürgenHabermas }} , year={1996} , publisher={MIT Press} , address={Cambridge, MA} } @book{b33, , title={{The Information Revolution in Asia}} , author={{ NHachigian } and { LWu }} , year={2003} , publisher={RAND Corporation} , address={Santa Monica, CA} } @incollection{b34, , title={{Online peace movement organizations: A comparative analysis}} , author={{ NHara } and { PShachaf }} , booktitle={{Social information technology: Connection society and cultural issues}} , editor={ IChen & TKidd } , year={2008} } @book{b35, , title={{PA : Idea Group}} , author={{ Hershey }} } @book{b36, , author={{ CHaythornthwaite }} , title={{Social networks and Internet connectivity effects. Information, Communication, & Society}} , year={2005} 8 } @book{b37, , title={{Cyberpolitics: Citizen Activism in the Age of the Internet}} , author={{ KAHill } and { JEHughes }} , year={1998} , publisher={Rowman & Littlefield} , address={New York} } @book{b38, , author={{ DavidHeld } and { GAnthony } and { Mcgrew }} , title={{Global transformations: Politics, economics and culture}} , editor={ DavidGoldblatt JonathanPerraton } Cambridge, UK , publisher={Polity} , year={1999} } @book{b39, , author={{ DavidHeld } and { AnthonyGMcgrew }} , title={{Globalization theory: Approaches and controversies}} London , publisher={Polity} , year={2007} } @book{b40, , title={{Globalization in Question: The International Economy and the Possibilities}} , author={{ PHirst } and { GThompson }} , year={1996} , publisher={Polity} , address={Cambridge} } @book{b41, , title={{Globalisation and the Nation-State}} , author={{ RJHolton }} , year={1998} , publisher={Macmillan} , address={London} } @book{b42, , title={{Gouvernance mondiale}} , editor={Jacquet, Pierre. Jean Pisani-Ferry and Laurence Tubiana} , year={2002} , publisher={Documentation Française} , address={Paris} } @incollection{b43, , title={{The Internet and its Social Landscape}} , author={{ SGJones }} , booktitle={{Virtual Culture: Identity and Communication in Cybersociety}} , editor={ SGJones } Thousand Oaks, CA , publisher={Sage} , year={1997} } @book{b44, , author={{ RichardKahn } and { DouglasKellner }} , title={{New media and internet activism: from the 'Battle of}} , year={2004} } @incollection{b45, , title={{Seattle' to blogging}} , journal={{New Media & Society}} 6 1 } @incollection{b46, , title={{Political Blogs: Transmission Belts, Soapboxes, Mobilizers, or Conversation Starters}} , author={{ WallstenKevin }} 1080/ 19331680801915033 , journal={{Journal of Information Technology & Politics}} 4 3 , year={2007. January 26. 2012} , note={Retrieved on} } @incollection{b47, , title={{Social Software for Life-long Learning}} , author={{ Klamma }} , journal={{Educational Technology & Society}} 10 3 , year={2007. June 21. 2009} , note={Retrieved on} } @incollection{b48, , title={{The convergence of social and technological networks}} , author={{ JonKleinberg }} , journal={{Communications of the ACM}} 51 11 , year={2008} } @book{b49, , title={{Hopes and Horrors: Technological Utopianism and Anti-Utopianism in Narratives of Computerization}} , author={{ RKling }} , editor={R. Kling} , year={1996} , publisher={Academic Press} , address={Boston, MA} , note={Computerization and Controversy} } @incollection{b50, , title={{Structure and Evolution of Blogspace}} , author={{ RKumar } and { JNovak } and { PRaghavan } and { ATomkins }} , journal={{Communications of the ACM}} 47 12 , year={2004} } @incollection{b51, , title={{The Computer as a Communication Device}} , author={{ JC RLicklider } and { RTaylor } and { EHerbert }} , journal={{Science and Technology}} 4 , year={1968. June 27, 2007. 2007} } @book{b52, , title={{Culture-on-demand: Communication in a crisis world}} , publisher={Blackwell} , address={Malden, MA} } @incollection{b53, , title={{The Influence of Learning Styles on Learners in E-Learning Environments: An Empirical Study}} , author={{ Naser-NickManochehr }} , journal={{Computers in Higher Education and Economics Review (CHEER)}} 18 , year={2007} } @book{b54, , title={{Politics as usual: The cyber space 'revolution}} , author={{ MMargolis } and { DResnick }} , year={2000} , address={London; Sage} } @incollection{b55, , title={{The Internet and US Communication Policy-Making in Historical and Critical Perspective}} , author={{ RMcchesney } and { RobertMcchesney } and { Waterman }} , journal={{Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication}} 1 4 , year={1995. 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Jan/Feb} } @book{b68, , title={{Obama's Secret Weapons: Internet, Databases and Psychology}} , author={{ SarajStirland } and { Lai }} , year={2008. October 29. 2008. January 28. 2012} } @book{b69, , title={{Political scandal: Power and visibility in the media age}} , author={{ JohnBThompson }} , year={2000} , publisher={Polity} , address={Cambridge, UK} } @book{b70, , title={{Power Shift: Knowledge, wealth and violence at the edge of the 21st century}} , author={{ AlvinToffler }} , year={1991} , publisher={Bantam Books} , address={London} } @book{b71, , title={{The Digital Divide Report: ICT Diffusion Index}} , year={2006. 2005} , publisher={UNCTAD} , address={New York} } @book{b72, , title={{Internet and the public sphere: A glimpse of Youtube}} , author={{ KasunUbayasiri }} , year={2006. 2009} 6 , note={eJournalist} } @book{b73, , title={{The Network Society}} , author={{ JVan Dijk }} , year={2006} , note={2nd ed. London: Sage} } @book{b74, , title={{News in the global sphere: A study of CNN and its impact on global communication}} , author={{ IngridVolkmer }} , year={1999} , publisher={University of Luton Press} , address={Eastleigh, UK} } @book{b75, , title={{Globalization, 2nd}} , author={{ MWaters }} , year={2001} , address={Routledge, London} } @book{b76, , title={{Publics and Counterpublics}} , author={{ MWarner }} , year={2002} , publisher={Zone Books} , address={New York} } @book{b77, , title={{Democracy in the digital age: Challenges to political life in cyberspace}} , author={{ AWilhelm }} , year={2000} , publisher={Routledge} , address={New York} } @book{b78, , title={{Online workshop based on information from Florida Center for Instructional Technology}} , author={{ RoyWinkelman }} , year={1998. January 05. 2012} , address={Tampa, FL} College of Education, University of South Florida , note={Networking Fundamental} }