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\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space} }{% \vskip8pt \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt } \usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos} \makeatother \usepackage{lineno} \linenumbers \begin{document} \author[1]{Sergey Aleksandrovich Golovin} \affil[1]{ Blagoveshchensk State Pedagogical University} \renewcommand\Authands{ and } \date{\small \em Received: 16 December 2019 Accepted: 1 January 2020 Published: 15 January 2020} \maketitle \begin{abstract} Annotation-The purpose of this article is to comprehend the results of the study of the remains from the burials of the female necropolis of the Ascension Cathedral by the historical necropolis research group (1994-2010), formed on the basis of the Moscow Kremlin Museum-Reserve.This article reflects the main milestones of anthropological study of the remains of historical figures in the Soviet period of Russian history and in modern times. A special place is given to the history of the origin and evolution of the method of reconstructing a person's appearance on a craniological basis ("Gerasimov's method"). This technique was the result of the development of biological, historical, archaeological and social disciplines that consider a person in all its complex diversity (history, anatomy, anthropology, paleoanthropology and archeology).In the preparation and selection of material, a wide and diverse range of sources of historiographic, biographical and bibliographic content was used. The article is of interest to people of various and not only humanitarian specialties and is of particular importance for museology and archeology in connection with the problem of anthropogenesis. \end{abstract} \keywords{anthropology, heavy metals, necropolis, tsarist and grand princely tombs, } \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}} \end{textblock*} \let\tabcellsep& \par ???????? ?????: ????????????, ??????? ???????, ?????????, ??????? ? ??????????????? ????????, ??????? ???????, ????????????? ?????????, ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??????. Annotation-The purpose of this article is to comprehend the results of the study of the remains from the burials of the female necropolis of the Ascension Cathedral by the historical necropolis research group (1994-2010), formed on the basis of the Moscow Kremlin Museum-Reserve.\par This article reflects the main milestones of anthropological study of the remains of historical figures in the Soviet period of Russian history and in modern times. A special place is given to the history of the origin and evolution of the method of reconstructing a person's appearance on a craniological basis ("Gerasimov's method"). This technique was the result of the development of biological, historical, archaeological and social disciplines that consider a person in all its complex diversity (history, anatomy, anthropology, paleoanthropology and archeology).\par In the preparation and selection of material, a wide and diverse range of sources of historiographic, biographical and bibliographic content was used. The article is of interest to people of various and not only humanitarian specialties and is of particular importance for museology and archeology in connection with the problem of anthropogenesis.\par Keywords: anthropology, heavy metals, necropolis, tsarist and grand princely tombs, bone remains, reconstruction of the exterior, ascension cathedral of the moscow kremlin. ????????? ??????? ?????????? (1702-1736)??????? ?????????????. ???????? ???????? ???? ? 13-?? ???, ??????? ?????????? ????? ? ??????? ????????, ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????. ? 1733 ?.????????? ? ????????? ??????-??????????? ?????? II ??????? ????????? (????????, ??????????) ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ? 1736 ?., ??????????? ?? ????? ?????????? (1735-1736). ? ????????? ?????????? ?? ? ? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? (1713-1736)?????? ???????? ???????????????. ????? 1735 ?. ??????-???? «??????» ??? ????????????? ?????????? ? ?? ?? ? -? ? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ?????? II ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?.?. ?????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????, ??????? ?? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????. ? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ? ????? ?. ??????, ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??-?? ???????????? ????. ????? ???????, ? ??????? 1736 ?. «??????» ?????? ??????????? ??????, ? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????, ????????? ????, ???????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????, ? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? (77°29' ?. ?.). ?? ???????? ???? 29 ??????? 1736 ?. ????????? ????, 2 ???????? ???? ?? ???? «??????» ????? ? ????? ???? ??????, ??? 12 ???????? ?????????? ? ???? ?????????? ???????. ?????????? ????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ????? ????????, ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????. ?????? ???????????????? ????????? ? ???? ????-??????. ? ?????????? ?????????? (1735-1736) ?.?. ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ?. ???? (?? ??????? ?? ?????) ? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???????. ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? (???? «????????????? ??????») ? ??????-????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????. ????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? (1895-1925). {\ref 4} Ð?"??????-????????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? (1883-1920), ??????? 26 ?????? 1920 ?. ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??a? ??? ??????? (????????????? ???? ????????? ????????) ? ????????????? ??????????? 20 \section[{I.}]{I.} \section[{???????????}]{???????????}\begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png} \caption{\label{fig_0}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png} \caption{\label{fig_1}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png} \caption{\label{figure4}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png} \caption{\label{figure5}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-6.png} \caption{\label{figure6}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-7.png} \caption{\label{figure7}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} ????????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????????\\ ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????\\ Sergey Aleksandrovich Golovin\end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: ??????? «???????????? ?????????» (1994-2010-?), ???????????? ?? ???? ?????-??????????? «?????????? ??????».]} \caption{\label{tab_0}?????????-????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????- ?????????????????}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.3022222222222222\textwidth}P{0.3022222222222222\textwidth}P{0.11333333333333333\textwidth}P{0.1322222222222222\textwidth}} ??\tabcellsep ????????????????\tabcellsep ??????\tabcellsep («?????\\ Ð?"?????????»)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_1}? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ? ???????? ?????. ?????? ????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_2}. Ð?"????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????, ????????-??????????????? ? ?????????? ?????????, ??????????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????????? (???????, ????????, ????????????, ????????????????? ? ??????????). ??? ?????????? ? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????????????, ??????????????? ? ?????????????????? ??????????. ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ? ?????????? ? ????? ? ????????? ?????????????.}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.4248191353543445\textwidth}P{0.4216274063133652\textwidth}P{0.0035534583322902845\textwidth}} ? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? 54 ??????????, ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? Ð?"?????? ?????????? ( ? 1591) ? ????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ( ? 1246), 46 ???????????? ????????????????? ????????? (44 ????????? ? 2 ???????? ?????, 1636-1637), ???????? ???????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???????? ? ????????? (1903). ????? ? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? ? ???????? ???????????? ???????, ? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????: ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????, ? ? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? (1599?1765), ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????. ? XVII ?. ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????. ??? ?????, ???????????? ? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????. ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????, ????? ? ??????????? ? ????????????? ?????? -???? ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??????. ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????-??????????? «?????????? ??????» ?? ?????????? ????????, ??????? ? XII ????????, ???? ????????? ?? ????? 6 ???. ??????? (?? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? 24 ???. ???????????). ??? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??-?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????? ??????????. ? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ? ???????????????? ???? 324 ???????????. ? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? (???????? ? ??????). ??? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????, ?? ????? ?????????, ??????????? ? ?? ??????? ????????? 1917 ????. ????????, ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ????, ????? ???? Ð?"?????????? ?????? /?????/ ( ? 1325). ? XVIII ???????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???????? XVII ???? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? Ð?"?????? XIV ????????. ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? 1-? ?????? ?????? ? ????????? ? ??????? ????????????? ????? ???????????. ?? 16 ??????????? ??????????, ??????-?????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??? -????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? (?????????? ??????) ?? ???????? ???????????? ? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? (?????????????? ??????). ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ( ? 1484), ???? ??????? II ???????. ? ?????????? ?????? 1482 ?. ???????????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ? ??? ???????? («???????? ????»). ? 1519 ?. ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? III ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? (?????????? ??????, ??? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????, ?????????? ? ???? ??????? ????????????? 11 ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????). ? 1588 ?. ??? ???? ?????? I ????????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????????? ????? («???????») ?????????????? ??????. ? ? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ?? ??? ???????????????: ??? ????? I, ???? ????????? ? ????????? ????????. ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????? 1737 ?. ? ????????? ??? ?????????? ? 1812 ?. ???????????? ????? ????????? ?????????????. ? ???????????? ??????, ??????? ????? ?????????, ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? (????????????????), ???????, ??? ?????????, ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????????? ?????? ? 1382 ?. ????? ??????? ???? ??????????. ? 1482 ?. ??? ????? ???????, ????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? Ð?"??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????. ? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ? ?????????, ? ??? ?????????????? ? ??? ? ????? ???????. ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ? ????????????? ???????. ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????? 1917 ?.: ????????? ???? ????????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ??????. ? ????? 1918 ?. ? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????, ? ? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??????. ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?????, ??? ????????, ??????? ?? ??????? ????? «?????????? ?????????» (???? ?? ??????? ???????????? ???????), ??????, ????????????? ? ???????? ?? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????????, ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ? ????????? ??????. ? ??????? 1918 ?. ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????????? Ð?"??????? «?????????? ?????????» (??????????? ? 1482 ?. Ð?"????????) ???? ?????????? ? ????????? (????????????) ?????? ??????????? ??????, ????? ?? ???????? ? Ð?"?????????????? ???????????? ?????, ? ? 1930 ?. -? ????????????? ???????. ?????????????, ??? ???????????? ???? ? 1467 ?. ( ? 18 ???? 1568), ???? ????? ????? ?????????; ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ( ? 4 ??????? 1696). ????? ? ????? ????????????? ??????????? -????? 10 ?????????? ??????????. ????? ???????, ???????????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????. Ð?"?? ?????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ?.?. ?????????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ??? Ð?"????????? ?????????. ????? Ð?"????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????, ??? ????????????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ?????. ?????????? ????? ?????????? -??? ??? ???? ? ?????? ??????? (??? ???????????? ???? ? ??? ?????????? ????) ?????????? ????????? ? ?????? ????? «?????????? ??????». ? ??? ?? 1929 ?. ???????????? ????????? ????????; ??????? ??? ??? ??????, ? ??? ????? ? ??????????????, ???????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ????? ? ??????. ?? ????? ????????? ? 1932-1934 ??. ?????????? ?.?. ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??. ????, ????????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????, ????? ??? ????????????? ? ????????? ??????? ? ?????????. ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????, ? ? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????. 31 ???? 2014 ?. ????????? ?? ?.?. ????? ????????? ?? ???????????????? 14-? ?????? ??????, ? ?????? ??? ? ?? ???? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????[1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10]. ?????? ???????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???????????????? (????????) ????. ????? ???????????? ? ??????: ????? ?????????? ( ? 1453, ???? ??????? I), ????? ???????? ( ? 1503, ?????? ???? ????? III), ????????? ??? ????? Ð?"???????, (??????? ? ????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ?????), ?????? ????? ???????????? /Ð?"??????????/ ( ? 1626, ?????? ???? ??????? ???o??????), ?????? ??????? ?????????? /?????????/ ( ? 1694, ???? ????? I), ?????? ?????? ????????? /Ð?"????????/ ( ? 1681, ???? ?????? ???????????), ??????? ??????? ?????????? (1669-1712, ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ? ????? ????????????, ???????????? ??? ?? ?????). ????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ? 1731 ?., ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? /????????/ ( ? 27 ??????? 1731, ?????? ??????? ????? I) ? ??????? ????????? ???????? ( ? 8 ??????? 1731, ???? ????? V ???????????). ??? ? ? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????, ??????????? ? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????? (?i??). ? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????????????? ???????????, ?? ? ?????????????????? ??????????????. ????? ????, ????????, ??? ?? ?????????? ? ?????????? ???????, ???????????????? ?????????????? ???????????. ????? ?????????, ???????????? ?? ????????????? ????????????, ?.?. Ð?"?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????????. ????? ?????????? ????????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ? ?????? ????????????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ????? ???????????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????, ?????????? ? ???????????. ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? «???????????», ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????-????????? ??e???????-????????? ????????? (????????? ????????, ???????). ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ( ? 1533) 22 ??????? 1918 ?. ????????????, ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ? 1641 ?. ? ?????????? 40-??????? ????? ????, ?????????? (1643) ????? ???????? ?????????, ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????. ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ? ? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ????? ???????. ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? 19 ??????? 1918 ?. ?????? ??????? «? ??????? ???????? ? ??????????-???????? ????????? ??? ???????????? "?????"», ? ??????? 1919 ?. ?????????? ???????-??????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????. ???????? ?????? ????????????, ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ?????????? ? 1997 ?. ? ??????????. ?????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ????????-??????????, ???????????? ??????????????????? ???? ??????? ?????, ??? «??????????? ???????????? ??????» ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ????????. ??????? ?? ?? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????, ?????????? ? ????????? ???????. ? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? «????????» ? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????. Ð?"??? ? ???, ??? ????????? ???? ? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ????, ??????? ? ?VII-XIX ??. ??? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ? ????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????????? ????????. ??????????????, ????? ? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????????? «??????» ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????????, ? ????????? ? 1923 ?. ????? ??????????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????????? ????????? ? ???????????? ? 1932 ?. ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ???????, ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ? ????? 1980-? -1990-? ??. (?????? ?? ????, ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????, ?????? ? ???????? ? ?????: ??. ???????? ??????????, ??. ???a?? ????????????? ? ??.). ????? ???????, ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??????????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?? 20 ?????? 1918 ?. «?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????????» ? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????, ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ? ????????????? ????????. ????? ??????? ???????????? ? ???? ?????? ??????????, ???????? ??? ????????????? ???? ????? ? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????. ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ? ?????? (???????????? ????????????). ??? ?? ?????, ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ? ????????? ???????????? ????? ???? ???????. ? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ? ???? ??????. ? 1935 ??. Ð?".Ð?". ?????? ????????? ? ?????? ????? ???????? -?.?. ????????-??????????? -?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? [12; 13], ??????? 29 ???? 1174 ?. ? ???????? 63 ??? ? ?????????? ???????? ???? ? ????? ??????????-?????? ? ?????????? ???? ?????????-??-???????. ? ?????????? ? ???? ? 1930-1960-? ??. ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ? ????? «????????? ????????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????????» (??????????? ????????????). ? ?????? 1939 ?. ??????????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????? ? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????; ? ???? 1941 ?. -??????????? ????????? ? ???????? Ð?"??-???? ? ??????????, ? ??????? 1944 ?. -?????????? ???????? ?.?. ???????, ? 1956 ?. -?????? ??????????????? ?????????-?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?a?????? (???????????), ? 1963 ?. -???????? ????? Ð?"??????? ? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????. ? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????? Ð?"?????????, ??? ????????????????? 20 ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????. ????????????, ??? ???????, ?? ??? ? ?????? ?????????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ???? (1945), ??????????? (1949), ????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????, ???????????? ??????? ???????? ? ????????, ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? Ð?"????????? (1904-1969), ????????? ?????????? ? 1938 ?. ? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?.?. Ð?"???????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????????? ? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ????? 250 ???????????? ????????? ?.?. Ð?"????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? (1939), ?????? ???????????? (1941), ?????? (1941), ???????? (1942), ?.?. ??????? (1945), ????? Ð?"??????? (1964), ???????????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?e???-??? (1939), ???????? ????????????? ?? ????? ??-???????-?-??? (???????), ???????????? ?? ??????? ????????? (???????) ? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? (??????). ????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ??????? (1946), ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????????? (??????????, ????, 1956), ??? ???? /????????/ (1956), ?????? (1957), ??????? ???????? ??????? (1961), ?????-?????? (1964), ???? ?????? ????????? (1965), ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????, ????? ??????-???????????? ????????? ????????????, ???????, ????????? ? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? [25]. ?????? ?.?. Ð?"????????? ? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ? ? ?????? ???????. ? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? ??????, ???, ??????, ?????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????????????. ?????? ??????, ??? ???????, ????? ???? ?? ? ????? ???????, ? ? ??? ??????? -???????? ???????, ?????????? ? ?????????? ???????????? (Hi-Tech). ??????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????. ? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????. ?? ??????????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????-????????????????? ???????????: ???????-??????????????? (?? ????????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ????????????? ??????), ?? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? (???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????-??????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ? ???? ?.?. ????????), ????????????????? (?.?. ???????, Ð?".?. ???e????? ? ??.), ????????????? (? ???????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????????). ???? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ?????? ????? ? ????????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ? ???????? 2004 ?., ????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ???????????. ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? XVI ???????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ?????????????? ????? (?? ??????? ???????????????; 2009, 2015, 2018) [31; 32; 33]. ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? XVI ?. ???????? ???????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????. ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?.Ð?". ??????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?.?. ?????????, ????????? ? ??????? 1929 ?., ? ?????????? ???????????, ?????????? ?? ??????????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??-??? ???? ????????????? ??????. ????????????? ? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????, ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? IV. ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ????????? ? ???????????? ??????, ? ??????? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ???????????? ? ????????. [??????????. ? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ????? Ð?"???????: ????????? ????????? (?????? ???????), ????? ??????????? ?????????? (?????? ???????), ????? ????????? (?????? ???????), ????? ????? (????????? ???????). ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??????, ? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? (????????? ?????????). ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????, ??? ?????? ???? (? ?????? ?????????) ??? ?????? ???????????, ?????? ?????? ?? 15 ???? ????? ???????, ??? ? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????]. ????? ???????????, ?????? ??????? ?????????, ?????? (?????? ????????? ????????, ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????. ? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???? 1929 ?. ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ? ?.Ð?". ?????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????????? ? ????? ?????????????. Ð?"????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ? ????????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????? ??? ? ????????? ????????????? ????? ? ??????? ?????????? ? ????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????, ????????? ????, ???????? ? ??????? ?????????, ????????????? ?? ?????? ?????, ???????, ??????, ?????, ???? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? [34]. ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????????, ??? ????????????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????, ? ????????? ??????????????. ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????, ???????? ??????????????, ???? ????????????? ? ?????? ????? Ð?"????????. ? ????? Ð?"??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? (????????). ????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????????, 10-11-?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? Ð?"???????, ?????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ? 1990-? ??. ?.?. ??????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????, ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? II ??????? ????? ? ????? ??????????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????. ?????? ??? ????????????? ? ???? ???? ?????????? (?????, ??????, ??????, ?????????, ??????), ???????? ??????, ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????????. ??????? ??????????, ??? ????? ??????????? ??????? ? ????? ????????? ??????, ?? ???????? ? ????????????????? ?????????????, ???? ??????????. ? ????? ????????????? ?????????? Ð?"?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? (Ð?"???) ?????? ? ???????????, ????????? ? 1946 ?. ??? ??????????? ???????????? ????????, ?.?. ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? Ð?"??????. ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????, ?? ????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????. ?? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? 1648 ?. ??????? ?????? Ð?"?????? ( ?1673), ???????????? ??????? ???????????? /????????????/ ( ? 1625), ??????? ( ? 29 ??????? 1736) ? ??????? ( ? 12 ???????? 1736) 3 ???????????, ????????? ??????? ( ? 1920), 4 ??????????, ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? Ð?"???????? ???????????? /???????/ ??????????-???????? ? 1569 ?., ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ?.?. ?????????. ?.Ð?". ?????????? ? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ????? ????? Ð?"??????? ? ??????? ?????, ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? (???????????) ? ????. ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ????????? ? ???? ?? ??? ??????????. Ð?"????????? ???? ???????? ???????, ???????? ?? ????? 350-?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ?? ?????, ?? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? IV. ??????? ????? ????????? ? 1929 ?. ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ???????? ??????? ??????????? ? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????. ???? ???? ? ?????, ??????? ? 3\tabcellsep ? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????????? ????????????. ?? ? ????? XV ?. ???????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??????, ??? ???? III ????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ? ????????? ?????, ????? ??????????. ???????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????????. ????? ?????? ????, ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? (1505-1508) ?? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????/Aloisio/?????? /???????/, ???????? ????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???????????. ?? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ? ???? ???? ???? III, ???????????? 27 ??????? 1505 ?. ? ??????? 1508 ?. ??????? ????? ??????? III ??????? «????????? ????? ? ????????? ???? ???????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????» ? ????? ????????????? ????? ? ????????? ?????? ???????????. ??????????? ? ??? ?????????? 1340?1730-?? ??., ???????? ?????? -???????? ????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ????? I ?????? ( ? 1340), ????????? -??????????? ?????????? ????? II ( ? 1730). ????? ??????????????? (???????) ????????? ? ? XVI ?. ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????. ???????? ? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????. ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????-??????? ? ?? ????????????? -??????????, ??????, ?????????; ??????????? -?????? ??????????? ? ?????????, ??????????-???????; ??????? -?????? ???????????? ? Ð?"????????; ?????-??????????? -??????????. ? ?? ?? ????? ????????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????: ?????-??????????, ??????-??????????????, ??????-????????, ???????-???????????? ? ??. ????? 1963-1965 ??. ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ???????????. ?? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? (???????) ??? ????????????. ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????, ????????????? ? 1929 ?. ???????????? ????????? -???????, 1-?? ?????? (? 1764 ?.), ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????, ????? ???????? ????? ? ????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????????? ?????; ??? ??????? ????? 1386 ? 1393 ??. ?????? ???????? ????? Ð?"??????? Ð?"??????? ???????? ??????????????? ( ? 1407). ? ????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ????????????????/???????? ???? («?????????, ??? ??????????? ??????»). ????? ????????? ????????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ????? IV ????? ????? /? ???????? ??????? ?????/, ???? ???????? Ð?"?????? ??????????, ?????????????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ? ??????????? I. ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????. ? 1407 ?. ??????? ??????? ????????? ? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????????. ?????? ? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????, 7(20) ???? 1407 ?. ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ???? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????. ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????. ?? ????????, ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ( ? 1453), ?????????? ?????????, ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????. ? 1415 ?. ????? ??????? ????? ?, ???????? 50 ??? ? ?????? 1929 ?. ?? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?.?. ????????? ????????????????? ????????, ? ??????? ??????? ?.?. ?????????, ?.?. ????? ? ?.?. ????????, ????????? ?????? ?????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ??, ??????? ????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????. ???????? ???????? ????? ???????, ?.?. ??????????, ????????? ?????????? ? ???????????, ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ? ??????? Ð?".?. ??????, ?.?. ??????, ?.?. ??????????, ?.?. ??????? ? ?????? ????????????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ? ? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????, ???o???????? ???????????? ????????, ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????. ??? ??? ????????? ? ?????? (????? ????? ?????????? ??????????, ??????? ???? ?????????? 28 ??? 2008 ?. ? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????????? ??????). ?? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??????????? ????????, ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ???? ??????????. ???????? ???????, ???? ?????????? ????? 70 ???????????, ???????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??? ????????? ????? 2 ?, ??? ?????? -????? 1 ?????. ???????????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? -????????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ??? ???????? ???????, ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ? ?????????. ????????? ?????????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????, ???? Ð?"?????? Ð?"???????, ????? ?? ???????? ? ????? ?????????, ???????????. ? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ? ???????? ????????? ????????. ??????????????, ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ? ????? ?? -?????? ??I ??. ? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????, ?????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? /?????????? ??????????/. ??? ???????? ??????????? ? 1929 ?. ? ????????????? ????? ????????????, ??? ??? ????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????, ??? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ? ??? ????????? (35). ????? ????????? ?????????? 68 ??????? ?????????? ????? ? ??????? ???????, ??????? ? ??????, ?? ??? 4 ??????? -????? ??????????? Ð?"????????? ????o?? ( ? 14 ??????? 1526), ????? ????? ??????? ( ? 26 ???????? 1557), ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? /?????????/ ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????, ? ??? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ? ???????. ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ? ???. ??????????????, ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ( ? 1505), ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ? ???????? ????? III; ?????????? ????????? ( ? ??????? 1569), ??????? ????????? ( ? ??????? 1569) ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ? ? ??????-????????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ? ????? ? ???? ??????????, ??? ? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????, ?????? ??????????? ?????-?????????? «?????????? ??????». II. ?????? ????????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ? ???? ???????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ? ???? ????????? ? 1933-1935 ??., ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?a???? (1903-1976), ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ? ?????? ????????, ? ????? ?????????? ????????? Ð?"?????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? (???? ???????? ????????? ? ???????????? ???) ? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?????, ?????? ????????? ???????????? Ð?"???????????? ?????? (?????????? 1119-1130) ?????? ????????? ???? ?????????. ? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????????, ??????????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ???? ???????????????? ??? ???????????: ???????-?????? ???????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ( ? 1198), ??????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ( ? ????? 1207); ????? ???o?? ???????????? (1219-1233), ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????, ? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? /? ????????? ?????????/ ( ? 1241/1244), ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????????; ???????????? ?????????? ???o??? ????????? ( ? 1204) ? ??? ???? Ð?"????? ??????????? ( ? 1207); ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? [11]. ? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? Ð?"??????? ???????? ?????? (1903-1942); ????????? ????-???????????, ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ???????? Ð?"?????? Ð?"?????????? ?????? (1895-1981) ? ??? ??????? ?.?. ????????. ? ???????? 1930-? ??., ???????? ? ??????, ? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? (????????????????? ?????????) ????? ??????? ? ??????, ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?? «????????? ???????». ???????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????, ??????????????? ???????? ????????? ?c????? ?? 1 ??????? 1919 ?., ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? 1919 -?? ????? 1920 ??. ? ???? ?????? ???? ??????????? 63 ???????? ??????? ? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????????. 1 ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????????????? ????????? ?????, ? ?????, ??? ???????, ???????????? ? ??????? ?????, ??????? ??????????? ? ?????? (???????), ??? ????????????? ????????? ???????. ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????, ??? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ? ???? (?????) ? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ??????. ? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????. ? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????-??? ???????????. ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????, ??????, ??????, ???????????, ???????? ? ??????????. ??????? ????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ??? ? ??????, ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????????. ?? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ???????, ?????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ? ?????? ? ???????????? ??????????????, ??? ???????????????? ?????? ??? ??????. 1 ????? ???: 13 ??????? 1919 ?. -???????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ( ?1174), ????????? ????? ?????????; 15 ??????? 1919 ?. -???????? ???????? ????? ????????????? Ð?"?????? (????) ?????????????, ????????? 3 ??????? 1238 ?. ?? ???? ???? ? ????? ? ???????? ????-????, ????????? ????? ?????????; 3 ?????? 1919 ?. -???????? ???????????????? ????, ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????; ????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ( ? 1052), ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????, ???? ???????? ???????; ????????? (?????????????) ????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ( ? 1180); ???????????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ( ? 1186), ????????? ????? ? ?????????-??-??????? (???); 9 ?????? 1919 ?. -???????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ( ? 1249) ? ??????????? ( ? 1255/57) ??????????????, ????????? ????? ?????????; 11 ?????? 1919 ?. -???????? ?????? ???????????? ( ? 1391/92), ?????????? ????????? ????????, ?????????, ???????????, ?????????. ? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?.?. Ð?"???????? -????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ??? ? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? Ð?"???????? (1907-1970) ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? («????? Ð?"?????????») [14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20]. ? 1944 ?. ?? ??? ? ??????, ??????? ? ????, ????? ? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???? (???? ???????? ????????? ? ???????????? ???), ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????????????? (????????????) ????????????? (1950), ??????? ????????? ? ??????? 20 ???. ? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????? ? ??????? ????????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? [21; 22; 23], ??????? ?????????? ??????????? (1956), ???? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? (III ???????, ? ??????? ????????, 1950) ? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????? (1970), ??? ????????? ??????? «???? ??????» [24]. Ð?"? ??? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?????????: ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????, ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???. ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ???????, ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ???????. ? ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? Ð?"???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????????? ? ?????????????. ????????? ???????????? ??????-??????????, ???????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ???????????? ??????? Ð?"???? ???? (1902-1986), ?????????? ? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????, ??????????? 220-????? ???????? ???? ???? (15 ???? -3 ???? 1945), ?????????? ????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? Ð?"?????????, ? ????????? ??????????: «????? ?? ????? ????. ? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????!». 2 ????????? ?????????, ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ???????????? ????, ??????? ?????????? ????, ?? ??????, ?????????? ??????? ????. ????? ???????, ?? «?????? Ð?"?????????» ??????? ???????? ??? ??????: ??? ????? ?????, ? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????, ???????????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????, ? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????, ??????????? ???????? 3D-??????. ????????????? ????????? ??????-???????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????????. ?? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? 70-80\%, ?? ?????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????????????? ??? ??????. III. ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? Ð?"??????????? ???????? 1963-1966 ??. [26] ? ????????????? ?.?. Ð?"?????????? ????????? ???? ????? IV ? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ? ????? 1993-1994 ??. ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????. ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????-??????????? «?????????? ??????», ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ??????? Ð?"????????? ?????? (???. 1949) [27; 28; 29; 30] ? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????-??????????? ?????????? Ð?"??????????? (????????) ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? (???. 1950). ????? ?????????? ????????, ??? ? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?.Ð?". ??????? ??? ? 1984 ?., ????? ?????????? ???????? (????? 1929 ?.) ???????????? ??????????? ????? ????????. ????????????? ???????????? ??????-????????????????? ?????? «???????????? ?????????», ????????????? ? ??????? ???????? ?.Ð?". ???????, ???????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????, ????????? ? ????? ? ?????????????? «???????? ? ??????? ?????? [?????????], ????????? ? ??????????? ? ??? ?????, ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????». ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????. ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????????? Ð?"????? ????????????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ? ???????????? ??? ??? ???????????? ?.?. ????????? ??????? ???????????????? ? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????. ????????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ? ????????-???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?. Ð?". ?????? ? ?. ?. ????????. ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? 2001 ?. ? ?? ?????????? ???????, ??? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????? ???????????. ????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????????, ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????, ???? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ? ???????????? ?????????? (????????? ??????????). ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????????? (?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????). ? ???? ????? ???? ???????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? Ð?"?????? ? ????? ????????. ?? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ? ???????????????? ????? 20 ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ?????? (???????????? ????? -?.?. ????????). ? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ? ??????? ????????? ?????-??????????? «?????????? ??????» ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? (???????? ? ??????????) ? ??????? ?????? XVI -?????? ???????? XVIII ??.; ? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ? ???? ??????; ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????: ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? -?????????; ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???????, ????? 3-???????? ??????, ???????????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ????????? ? ??. ????????????? ? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????. ????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????-?? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ??????, ?????, ???????, ?????, ????, ?????. ? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ????????. ???????, ?????, ????, ?????). ????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ? ????????? ??????? ???????? (??????, ?????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ?????????? ?????????? ? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????????? ? ??????? ??? ??? ? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????. ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????, ????? ? 1985 ?. ? ???????????? ??????? ????????, ??????????? ?. ??? ???????. ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????????? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????, ????????? ? 1941 ????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ? 1986 ?. ?.?. ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ? ??????? ????????? ? ??.). ????????, ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???????. ? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ??????????. ? ????? Ð?"??????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ??????, ? ??????? ??????????? /?????????? ??????????/ ???? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ?? ??????????? ???? ?.?. ???????, ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????, ????????? 7 ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ? ?? ????????? ???????????: ??????? ??????????? ( ? 1407), ????? ???????? ( ? 1503), ????? Ð?"??????? ( ? 1538), ????? ????? ????????? ( ? 1571) ? ????? Ð?"???????? ( ? 1603), ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ( ? 1569), ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????-??????? ( ? 1579). ?.?. ??????? ???? ? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????????????: ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????, ??????? ????? ????; ?? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ??????????, ??????????? ? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????????????. ???????? ? ???????-?????????, ????-???????). ???????, ??????? ??????? ????? ????????, (???????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????, ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? XI-XII ??????? ? ?????-????????? ?????, ??? ???????? Ð?"?????????. ?? ?????? ???????? 1980-? ??. ?? ? 1972 ?. ????????? ? ??????????? ?.?. ???????????? ????????? ??. ???????? ?.?. ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????. ???????????? ???, ? 28 ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????, ????????? ? ???? ???????-???????????. ????? ????? 600 ???????????? ? ?????????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??? ? ????? 2000 ?., ?? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ? ??????? ????????????????? ?????????????, ?????????????\tabcellsep ( D ) Global Journal of Human Social Science -Year 2020 ( D ) Global Journal of Human Social Science -Year 2020 ( D ) Global Journal of Human Social Science -Year 2020\\ \tabcellsep © 2020 Global Journals © 2020 Global Journals © 2020 Global Journals\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: ????????? ?????? ???????? Ð?"??????(1902-1984), ??????? ? 1920-??????? ???????? 1930-? ??.2]} \caption{\label{tab_3}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.28154235145385587\textwidth}P{0.5618907149880601\textwidth}P{0.0065669335580840005\textwidth}} ????????? ??????? ( ? 1422), ???? ????? ???? Ð?"???????? ? ???????????????, ?????? ??????? ??????, Ð?"?????? ?????? ? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????, «?? ?????? ?? ??????????? ? ??35 (???????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????, ???? ??????????????? ????? ???? Ð?"??????????) ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ??????. ?????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????-??????????? ?. ?. ???????»? IV. ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ???????, ????????????????? ?????? «???????????? ?????????», ????????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????, ?? ?????? ?? ????????????? ?????, ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????. ? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????????????, ????????????????? ? ????????????? ??????, ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????????. ???? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????. ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ???????, ??? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????, ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????. ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????-??????????? «?????????? ??????». ????? ???????, ??? ??????????????? ? ??????? ??????????, ?????????? ? ???? ?????????? ??????? «???????????? ?????????», ???????? ? ??????????? ????? ? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ????????????? ?????-???????????, ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ???????????. ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? «???????????? ?????????» ???????? ? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? (?? ??????? ???????????????), ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? (???????????) ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????????. ???? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????, ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????????\tabcellsep ? 1994 ?. ?.?. ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ????????????????? ?????????. ???????? ? ?????? ???????? 1990-? ??. ? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ? ???? ???????????, ?? ?????????????, ??????????? ? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ????. ? ??????? ?????? ??????????, ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????????????????? ??????? ???????, ??? ?? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ???????, ?.?. ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? II ?o??????, ??? ???? ?????????? ?????????, ?? ??????? ?????, ???????, ?????????, ? ????? ????????????? ? ?????? ???????? ? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????. ????????????? ? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ? 16 ?? 17 ???? 1918 ?. ????? ?.?. ???????, ????????? ?.?. Ð?"???????? ? ??????????? ?.?. ??????. ? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ?.?. ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????, ?????? ????? 160 ??, ?????? ???????? 55-60 ???. ?? ????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ??????????????? ? ??????????? ? ??????? ?????????. ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?.?. ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? -??? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????o??. ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????, ????????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ? «?????????????» ????. ???????? ?????? ????? ???e???? ? ????? IV ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ????????, ?.?. ??????? ?????? ? ??????, ??? ????? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ????????????? (????? ? ?????), ????, ??? ?????, ?????????? ? ????? Ð?"??????? ? ??????????? ??????????. ? ??? ????????? ?????? -????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ( ? 1611), ?????? ??????? ?????????? ( ? 1694), ?????????? ?????? ??????? ( ? ??. 1430)? ? ????? ? ???? ????????? ???????? ? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????????????????, ? ? ????????? ??????? ?. ? ????, ??? ?????? 1920 ?. ????????????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????, ??????????? ? 1908 ?. ?? ????? ??????????. ? 1955 ?. ????????? ??? ??????? ?.?. ??????? ? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????. ????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????-?? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ??????, ?????, ???????, ?????, ????, ?????. ??????, ??? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ?? ??? ??? ??????????, ??? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ?? ????? ????????????????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????! ? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????????????? ??????. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????, ??? ? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? (??????, ?????, ???????, ?????, ????, ?????). ????? ???????, ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????????? ? ????? ?????????????. Ð?"????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ? ????????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????? ??? ? ????????? ????????????? ????? ? ??????? ?????????? ? ????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????, ????????? ????, ???????? ? ??????? ?????????, ????????????? ?? ?????? ?????, ???????, ??????, ?????, ???? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????.\tabcellsep ( D ) Global Journal of Human Social Science -Year 2020\\ ???????????????? ? ????? ?????? ?????????\tabcellsep (????????? ?????) ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????????. ??\tabcellsep \\ ?????????? ????????????? ?????????. ? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ?\tabcellsep ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? «????? ?????» ??????????? ???????????? ?? ??????????? 1946 ?. ???? ?????????? 14 ??????? 2006 ?. ??????? ?.?. ?a?????, ?????????? ? ??????, ??? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ???????-??????????? ??????????, ?\tabcellsep \\ ??????? 1920 ??????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????, ??????? ? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????????.\tabcellsep 13 ?????? 2007 ?. ?????????????? ? Ð?"?????? ????????? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?? ? ?? ? ???????? ?.?. Ð?"??????? (1872-1947) ? ???????? ?.?. ?????? (1883-1954).\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep © 2020 Global Journals\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_4}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: ???????? ?? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????. ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????, ????? ? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ? ????????? (??? ? ????????????? ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ? ???????), ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?????: ? ???? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ? ????????. ?? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????, ???, ???????????, ?? ???????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????, ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ? ????????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????. ??? ???? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????, ?? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????, ??????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????? ???????. ??????????? ????? ???????: «??????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ??? ????».]} \caption{\label{tab_6}5}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} Year 2020\\ ???????????? ?. ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? 1. ??????????? ???????? ? ??????. ??????: ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?.3. ???????? ?. ???????????? ????????? // ??????? ?????? ???????????? // ( 9. ????????? ?. ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ? XIV-XVIII ????? // ? ????? ? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????. ??????: ???-?? «??????? ????», 2016. ?. 48-127. 12. ?????? Ð?".Ð?"., ???????-?????????? ?.?. ????????-????????????????? ???????????? D ) Global Journal of Human Social Science -????????????????? ????????????? ? ???????? ???????????????: ??????? ?????? ?.?. ???.-????. ?. Ð?". ??????. [?.?. ???????????????, ?. ?. ????????, ?.?. ??????? ? ??.]; Ð?"??. ???.-???????. ?????-?????????? «?????????? ??????». ??????: ???-?? «?????????? ??????», 2015. 416 ?. 33. ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? Ð?"?????????. ??????: ???. ?????????? ?????????????? ?\\ © 2020 Global Journals\end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: ?. Ð?"?????, 1894. 139 ?. 2. ?????????? ?. ?????????? ??????, ??????? ? ???????????????. ??????: ?????????? ?.?. ????????, 1910. 190 ?. ??????: ???-?? «?????», 2010. 493 ?. 7. ????????? ?. ?????? ????????????. ??? ????? ? ???????. ??????: ???-?? «????????», 2012. 1310 ?. 8. ??????????? ?. ???????? ??????. ??????: ????? «????????», 2013. 272 ?. 10. ??????????? ?. ????????????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ? 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