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\title{Results of Archaeological Excavations Conducted at the Rakhat Monument in Almaty Region (Based on the Reporting Materials for 2015-2016)}
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             \author[1]{Galymzhan  Bexeitov}

             \author[2]{Turaly  Tulegenov}

             \author[3]{Erbolat  Ospanov}

             \author[4]{Botakoz  Satayeva}

             \affil[1]{  Al-Farabi Kazakh National University}

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\date{\small \em Received: 13 December 2018 Accepted: 3 January 2019 Published: 15 January 2019}

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\begin{abstract}
        


In the article was described the geographical location of the settlement area andunique features of the region Rakhat. During 1994-2005 settlement area was carried out archaeological excavation of the joint Kazakh-American expedition under the leadership by K.M. Baipakov, F.P. Grigoriev, K.Chang. There were done expertise and description to the archaeological excavation of monuments which located in settlement area of Rakhat in the Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Margulan in 2004. As well as, in the Upper Paleolithic place the various levels of mineral excavation, exploration work were characterized fully by the leadership of O.N. Artyukova in the location of Rakhat in 2006-2007.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{archeology, geology - geomorphology, palynology, anthropology, climate, artifacts, }

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{I. Introduction}]{I. Introduction}\par
aining independence of our republic and becoming a sovereign state, it still allows us to study our history in a new way. In this regard, many research works have been carried out on the historic sites worthy of national interest in the history of our country, and mystery pages of our history are being discovered. Today the country`s rapid development requires to study deeply the historical truth, own way of the history of the nation needs to write a new data based on artifacts found during archaeological excavations.\par
Our people have gone through many difficult times on this path. It is obvious that from the ancient times to the present day the history of the Kazakh people, which has not survived, has not lost its continuity. Ceramic, bow spearhead, skeletal remains and rock artifacts are particularly important in determining the age of historical sites, because the period can be determined depending on their structure of creation, the nature of the species, the specificity of preservation. One of the most intricate and unexploredforms of research at that time are the monuments which located near the settlement area of Rakhat (the Enbekshikazakh district, Almaty region).\par
Rakhat monuments are a historically significant site located at the foot of the mountains which is 5 kilometers away from southern burial grounds "Esik", Enbekshikazakh district, Rakhat rural district of Almaty region. At the moment, civilized nations and nationalities are primarily interested in their past and present. It demonstrates the importance of the true history of our people, through the research and deep scientific expertise.\par
Geographical coordinates of the village: N: 43º20.250 '; E: 077 ° 22.614. The total area of monument is occupied 88.7 hectares.It is one of the most historically significant objects of the 5 km square of the Issyk-Talgar highway, on the southern slope of the Esik monastery in Enbekshikazakh district of Almaty region \hyperref[b0]{[1]}.\par
In its turn, exploration and excavations were carried out in the organization of archaeological research of settlement.In the monuments of Rakhat were carried out effective scientific-research works by leaders of archaeological excavation of the joint Kazakh-American expedition:K.M.Baipakov, F.P. Grigoriev, K.Chang. \hyperref[b1]{[2]}.\par
During the expedition of settlement area, characteristic of the Sak-Uysun stages as dwelling shelters, semi-cellars and dwellings made of semibricks were dug, collected ceramic remains and artifacts and conducted examination in the foreign scientificresearch centers. As a result, through using the scientific-research methods which inherent to the natural sciences, the prevalence of fruitful result of archeological excavations of the joint expedition in the information society has become important.\par
There was conducted archeological excavation of 5 mounds in the location of Rakhat by the staff of Institute of Archeology named afterA.Kh. Margulan in 2004. As well as, the monuments and settlements of the location Rakhat were not included only in the region of Zhetysu, also in a number of important complexes of Central Asia. Sak, Uysun, Huns, Turks people, other ancient and subsequent tribes lived in the parts of the Ile-Alatau can take an important role in the area of Jetysu \hyperref[b2]{[3]}.\par
The first efficient excavations work in Paleolithic nomad camp of the location Rakhat was carried out in 2006-2007. Expedition was led by O.A.Artyukhova, as a result found artifacts gave opportunities to determine the age of nomad camps. It is possible to say that the historical roots of the settlement is very deep, because it is the evidence that magnificent monuments and nomad camps of the Stone, Bronze, Iron ages were settled here. \hyperref[b4]{[4]}.\par
The scientific staff of the "Esik"historical-reserve museum had organized archaeological exploration and excavations in the Rakhat settlement that led by B.Nurmukhanbetuly between 2011-2012, consequently scientific study suggests that the history of this region had started from the Stone Age, by digging the mounds inherent to Sak, Uysun, Huns and Turks an invaluable contribution was added to the history of Kazakh \hyperref[b5]{[5]}.\par
On October 15, 2015 the international scientificresearch laboratory "Geoarcheology" of Kazakh National university in the framework of the State Program "The people in the flow of history" was held a considerable archaeological excavations in the nomadic camps and mounds inherent to the period of Sak-uysun, near the village Rakhat in the Upper Paleolithic nomadic camp "Rakhat". The connection of archaeological research with Natural science as Chemistry, Physics, and Biology, there were fulfilled works by using new methods of scientific study as geomorphology, geology, palynology, trasology and dendrology.\par
In autumn and spring 2017 archeological exploration was held by managing G.T.Bexeitov Can.His.Sc., associate professor, the director of the international scientific -research laboratory "Geoarcheology" of KAZNU. As a result, it is planned to carry out excavations at the monuments located near Rakhat in 2018. 
\section[{II. Materials and Methods}]{II. Materials and Methods}\par
Report on research work  {\ref (2015)}. "Naturalscientific methods in the study and dating of archaeological monuments and museumification of objects of historical and cultural heritage" (interim The list of methods of excavation, fixation and analysis of material applied to Paleolithic monuments are extensive. Nowadays to study the spatial distribution of artifacts are being applied stratigraphic, microstratigraphic analyzes, planographic analysis, a method for searching connections between finds (repair), and statistical-combinatorial analysis. Within each of these methods, there are many different methodological nuances and directions.\par
So far as the study of any archaeological monument begins with the identification in the thickness of the geological rock layers containing cultural remnants, clarifying the degree of preservation of these layers, the nature of their occurrence and structure, microstratigraphic analysis is of particular importance.\par
Archeological microstratigraphy of the culturallycontaining layer is especially important when studying the powerful or rich layers of long-term settlements with a complex structure. When the area is used for a long time, the original structure of the monument is "smeared" due to multiple overlapping traces of a particular activity or structural elements on each other.\par
A carefully selected totality of methods and acceptanceofanalysis microstratigraphy of the cultural layer, taking into account its specificity, allowedsolvingsuch matters as 1. confirmation or refutation of the presence of different cultural layers, identified in the process of excavation, 2. a clear separation of the depth of occurrence of the findingsfrom every layers, 3. identification of signs of layer occurrence "in situ" or signs of its violation, 4. allocation of micro-lamination sites, i.e. stable levels of occurrence of findings within the layer, characterizing the discrete nature of its accumulation, 5. restoration of a reliable picture of the paleorelief of the monument.\par
In combination with data from paleoecological studies, quantitative and qualitative analysis of planning and repair, microstratigraphic analysis opens up wide opportunities for obtaining social information. 
\section[{III. Results}]{III. Results} 
\section[{Excavations in Rakhat monuments between 2015-2016}]{Excavations in Rakhat monuments between 2015-2016}\par
Today, the rapid development of our independent country requires to study the historical truth, the own history of the nation based on new findings. One of the regions that needs such research is the Rakhat monuments located in Zhetysu. The research works of Paleolithic stone age in Kazakhstan have been left behind for half a century compared with the research methods of foreign scientists. 
\section[{a) Rahat (Soldatravine) the Upper Paleolithic camp}]{a) Rahat (Soldatravine) the Upper Paleolithic camp}\par
Archaeological excavations have discovered the historical moments of the region in the country and contribute to the study of society in the first community. A lot of stone tools of the first people had been found in the nomad camps of the Stone Age which located in KazakhstanThis archaeological monument is evidence of the existence of the first community in Kazakhstan. One and unique of them is Rakhat Paleolithic nomad camp N 4321464, E07722672 \hyperref[b7]{[7]}. During the determination of the age of the camp two sites were selected and stratigraphic snip excavation was dug. As a result, found stone artifacts proved to be a unique monument in the chronological epoch of the Stone Age in the Zhetysu region \hyperref[b8]{[8]}.\par
The first scientific research works in 2006-2007. It was carried out under the leadership of Artyukhova.\par
The eastern hills of the nomad camp were larger enough to the north. Further scientific-research works have been carried out to prevent further destruction of the Stone Age monuments. During the study, there were found traces of the hearth in solid rock layers and floodplain sediments. The abundance of stone artifacts allowed conductinga comprehensive study to this monument \hyperref[b9]{[9]}.\par
The ecological condition of the nomad campenabledto collect materials and artifacts that allowedrestoring the flora and fauna, to determine the age of the monument. According to archaeological excavations, it was found out that any excavation work was carried out in the monument whilecomparatively defining absolute age of biological and cultural evolution of ancient people. In the process of detecting monuments and nomad campsof the Paleolithic period, stratigraphic snip excavations on 2x4 m were carried out for the purpose of determining the age of the region by managing G.T. Bexeitov Can.His.Sc., associate professor, the director of the international scientific -research laboratory "Geoarcheology" in 2015, the age of nomad camp was supposed to be the period of the upper Paleolithic. Unfortunately, the excavations did not show a layer of cultural sediments in the region. Only the collected stone artifacts from the surface of the fossil have been studied.\par
The total number of findings consist of 48 copies of stone artifacts which obtained during the research of archeological expedition "Geoarcheology"of camp Rakhat. Among them, the following types of stone products have been distinguished according to their manufacturing techniques and function: Nuclei -2ex, nucleus forms -5ex, ribbed chips -1ex, flakes and debris-40ex. The nucleus is a subtriangular form of red porphyrite measuring 12x14x7.8cm (Figure \hyperref[fig_2]{3}).\par
It is made of undulating river pebbles. The removal of regular chips -flakes were made without preliminary processing of the nucleus. The principle of chipping is split from one working surface of the product. Special preparation of the strike site was not carried out. The surface of the product is slightly covered with patina. The next nucleus is made of gray porphyrites of round shape, measuring 9x10.5x8 cm (Figure \hyperref[fig_3]{4}). The chip was produced from the working surface of the product without preliminary preparation. The nucleus was prepared a strike site which is prepared by removing a single chipped stone artifact horizontally. The base of the nucleus is flat. From the nucleus was the removal of one chip of the flake \hyperref[b7]{[7]}.   The brightly marked ribbed chip is 11.5x5.5x3.5cm in size (Figure \hyperref[fig_6]{7}). The workpiece for the product was gray porphyrite. This chip is a technical chip or as it is also called the chip of the nucleus, when the working part of the nucleus becomes unfit for removing regular chips. The ribbed chip is an arcuate, elongated shape. Flakes in the number of 40 copiesare made of gray, pink and reddish-brown porphyrite. Flakes are related to production waste. From this collection was not foundwares which could be attributed to tools. The absence of stone artifacts of tool set from the collections of the Rakhat settlementwas considered the possibility of holding quarry work by the local people \hyperref[b7]{[7]}.\par
The analysis and study of artifacts carried out in the laboratory allow preliminary dating of the Rakhat nomad camp by the late Paleolithic. The comprehensive study of the monument in the framework of the State Program "The people in the flow of history" will allow us to reconstruct the paleoecological conditions of life of primitive people, to simulate a picture of the ancient and ancient history of our country, which will significantly raise the level of teaching history in the Higher educational establishments of the country. The obtained models of adaptation and behavioral strategy of the ancient human in different epochs of the Stone Age in the foothills of the Tien-Shan will help to predict the changes in environmental conditions in this seismically active densely populated region of the country.\par
Received collections of stone artifacts will be replenished by republic and regional museums.\par
b) Archaeological excavations conducted by the international scientific -research laboratory "Geoarcheology" for 2015-2016 in the mounds of Rakhat settlement.\par
The archaeological complex of the Rakhat ravine is located on a flat site near the river of the same name as Rakhat (Figure \hyperref[fig_0]{1}). New research on this monument showed the presence on the complex of monuments related to different times as -the Bronze Age, the times of Sak and Uysun. In the field season was set the task to identify the structural features of the early Iron Age mounds and determine the location of the Sak time settlement (Figure \hyperref[fig_7]{8}). monuments, ware, ceramic and osteological materials were conducted from the surface of the earth \hyperref[b10]{[10]}.\par
For a more convenient counting of all the squares during further studies on the monumentwas changed their numeration. The count is held from the northern corner of the excavation \hyperref[b11]{[11]}.\par
Research at the Rakhat facility. The burial ground is located on the top of the hill. Unsystematic, compact burial ground, consisting of five camps, flattened hilly with banding and calculating stones. All research materials of this monument are in process of treatment and detailed analysis (Figure \hyperref[fig_9]{10}).   Mound ?2It is located 2 meters in the east from mound ? 1. There were founds bones of child aged 14 -15 years old \hyperref[b9]{[9]}.\par
The mound ?2 was absolutely robbed. Depending on the genetic nature, it is the bone of woman about aged 18 to 25 without skull. There are signs of cribra orbitalia above fractures of the skull, which may be indicator of anemia. Hence, the buried human was died because of illness \hyperref[b14]{[14]}.  Mound ?3. The mounds that have a diameter of 9 m and a height of 0.5 m were excavated and explored. Ceramic vessels were found on the left side of the human skeleton in the burial hole during excavation of ?3 \hyperref[b7]{[7]}.\par
Ceramic vessels were detected on the left side of the mankind skeleton in the burial hole during excavation of ?3 \hyperref[b9]{[9]}.    During excavations, many ceramic debris and waste of boneswere found. As a result of the deeper excavation of fossils, many artifacts of the same era were appeared from a variety of cultural layers. Looking at the artifacts found in the same cultural layers, it is evident that the settlement had a workshop on its own. As a result of deep digging, the area was divided into 6 square meters and a full description was made. Approximately 100 ceramic debris and waste of bones were found out from the nomad camp as a result of the excavation \hyperref[b6]{[6]}.   {\ref (1988)}. A correlation was recorded between the data, on the one hand, the tooth age, and, on the other, the skelet. Measurement and description of osteological characteristics were carried out using standard anthropological and forensic methods (Alekseev, Debets, 1964; Alekseev, 1966; \hyperref[b22]{Buzhilova, 1998;} {\ref Dobryak, 1960;} {\ref Pashkova, 1963)}. For the evaluation of the sign values were utilized the absolute value clauses compiled by V.V. Bunak and A.G. Tikhonov. To assess the categories of indicators and the shape of bone sections were used data of V.P. Alekseev \hyperref[b21]{[20]}. Rakhat burial ground \hyperref[b9]{[9]}.\par
The remains of four individuals from the burials of three mounds were investigated. The preservation of anthropological materials is satisfactory. Sex and age determinations are presented in Table \hyperref[tab_1]{1}. Mound ?1\par
It is represented by a skull of poor preservation. Restoration was not applied. The facial section is represented by the maxilla and the nasal region. The brainpan is visually of medium length, medium-high, brachicranal. The facial section has medium-wide and high, with high and medium-wide nasal bones with an average protrusion of the nose. Nasal bones are long. The similar features of combination are characteristic of the Sak-Uysun groups of the Zhetisu (Figure \hyperref[fig_5]{6}). Postcranial skeleton is represented by almost all strongly fragmented bones. The bones were broken, the broken places were wiped, which is probably connected with the ancient robbery of the mound.\par
According to the estimated grades of V.V. Bunak \hyperref[b24]{(Mamonova, 1986)}, the branchial bone, elbow and femoral bone have a short length. The brachial and femoral bones are also characterized by large circles of diaphysis, which determines their greater strength and overall massiveness. Bones are massive.\par
The height was calculated on the basis of the following formulas: according to K. Pearson and A. Lee -154.6 cm; according to S. Dupertuis and D. Hadden -160.6 cm. On average height was 157.6 cm, that is, a small one. 
\section[{The mound ?2}]{The mound ?2}\par
A skeleton without a skull is represented by separate bones of the postcranial skeleton of a woman aged 18 to 25 years. The traces of cribra orbitalia are fixed on the skull, which may indicate anemia. 
\section[{The mound ?3}]{The mound ?3}\par
Two burials were found in the burial mound. The main (lower) is represented by the male skeleton of 35-45 years.\par
Lower burial. The skull is hyper dolichocranic with a combination of a long length and a very small width of the brain box. The height of the cranial vault from average po and from b is small. The horizontal circle through average g, transverse arc po-br-po and sagittal arc are estimated by average values. The frontal bone is very narrow. The angle of the forehead from n is small, the bending height of the forehead is large. The width of the base of the skull is very small.\par
The facial skeleton is medium-wide by value upper, small in average width and zygomatic diameters. Orbits are medium-wide and low, very low according to the index. Nose of platinum proportions is in low height and width. Noseband is medium upper and medium wide. In the horizontal plane, the face is clinognathic on the upper and lower levels. Canine fossa is medium deep. The lower jaw is characterized by a small condylar, a small angular and middle anterior width and an average thickness of the body and a very small width of the limb.\par
The remains of the skeleton are of a satisfactory degree of preservation from the burial place.\par
According to estimated grades of V.V. Bunak \hyperref[b24]{(Mamonova, 1986}), all long tubular bones are characterized by a long length. In this case, the clavicles, branchial bone, femoral and tibil bones have large values of the circumferences of the diaphyses, which cause their greater strength and massiveness. The bones of the forearm for a long length have average values of the circumferences of the diaphyses, which causes their gracilis. Diaphysis of the femoral bone in the middle part of the diaphysis is flattened in the transverse direction. In the upper part of the diaphysis of the femoral bone, asymmetry is observed in this indicator: the right femoral bone is flattened in the transverse direction, the left femoral is in the sagittal. Such asymmetry could be formed due to an uneven weight on the femoral bones in the process of their growth. Tibil bones symmetrically flattened in the sagittal direction in the upper part of the diaphysis \hyperref[b22]{[21]}.\par
According to the intermembranal index (73.0), the lower part of the body is considerably shortened relatively to the upper one. The forearm is elongated relatively to the shoulder, the shin is elongated relatively to the hip. The shoulder is elongated in relation to the thigh, and the forearm is elongated in relation the shin.\par
The height was calculated on the basis of the following formulas: according to K. Pearson and A. Lee -169.1 cm; according to S. Dupertuis and D. Hadden -174.3 cm. The average height was 171.7 cm, that is, a relatively high one.\par
Pathology. Frazzle bone of the postcranial skeleton corresponds to the biological age of the individual. There are degenerative-dystrophic changes in the vertebrae, shoulder, hip and knee joints with compensatory reaction in the form of marginal bony growths \hyperref[b23]{[22]}. Upper burial. The skull is mesocarpal, with a combination of a large length and a large width of the brain box. The height of the arch from the po is large, from the b is small. The horizontal circle through g is large, the transverse arch po-br-po and the sagittal arc are estimated by average values. The frontal bone is very wide. The angle of the forehead profile from n is small, the bending height of the forehead is large. The width of the base of the skull is very large.\par
The facial skeleton is wide by value the upper, medium width and zygomatic diameter. The orbits are medium-wide and medium-high, mesophilic according to the indicator. Nose of platinum proportions is at high altitude and very large width. The transfer is low and medium wide. In the horizontal degree of the face is flattened on the upper and lower levels. Canine fossa is flattened. The lower jaw is characterized by a large condylar, angular and large front width, as well as large values of the thickness of the body and the width of the limb. The remains of the skeleton are of a satisfactory degree of preservation from the burial place.\par
The remains of the skeleton with bones of varying degrees of preservation are occurred in the burial place. According to estimated grades V.V. Bunak \hyperref[b24]{(Mamonova, 1986}), all long tubular bones are characterized by a short length, with large circles of diaphyses, which determines their greater strength and overall massiveness. Bones are visually shortened and very massive.\par
The growth was calculated on the basis of the following formulas: according to K. Pearson and A. Lee -153.8 cm; according to S. Dupertuis and D. Hadden -159.8 cm. The average growth was 156.8 cm, that is, a small one.\par
Both individuals are of different anthropological types. Lower has a characteristic, often found in the Bronze Age and less often in the early Iron Agestrongly expressed European look. The upper is clearly expressed Mongoloid face, typical of the Middle Ages.\par
However, the anthropological characteristics can not serve as a support for dating and it is necessary to obtain radiocarbon dates, in order to more accurately determine the time of burial. The specific appearance of the buried may possibly introduce new hypotheses into EIC, that the dates are specified. The individual from the burial mound ?1 finds wide analogies (with the reservation for poor skull preservation) among the population of the region of the early Iron Age.  
\section[{e) Results of the findings of the discovered ceramics during the field research of the international "geoarcheology" laboratory for 2015-2016 years}]{e) Results of the findings of the discovered ceramics during the field research of the international "geoarcheology" laboratory for 2015-2016 years}\par
During the excavation in mound ?1, ceramic tableware was found in the burial hole with a depth of 1.7 m \hyperref[b7]{[7]}.\par
The plate (Figs. 29, 30). The crockery was made of semi-ellipse, constructed with clay mixed with organic things and fine sand. At the bottom of the rounded wall, the bent curve moves upward and has a sharp angle in the cross-section. Burns are not uniform, while the color is light brown but not uniform. The length diameter is 16 cm, the height is 7 cm, the wall thickness is 0.6-0.8 cm.  The bowl (fig. \hyperref[fig_29]{31, 32}). The half-spherical crockery is composed of fine sand and mica blended clay. From the bottom of the round, the wall is unevenly folded and folded in the cross section, with a bent arc. It can be seen from the outside that the density of the cookware increases by fracturing the wall with solid things. Burns are uniform, light brown red. The lenght diameter is 10.5 cm, the diameter of the side is 12.8 cm, the height is 8.8 cm, the wall thickness is 0.5-0.7 cm. In 1954, a similar tableware was discovered in the excavations of the ?3 in burial ground Taigak I. The burial ground is periodization of BC II-I centuries.  
\section[{Rakhat settlement}]{Rakhat settlement}\par
Stratigraphic excavations at Rakhat settlement were conducted by dividing into quarries. During digging, a significant amount of ceramic vessels were found in the monument \hyperref[b7]{[7]}.\par
Squared -4-D, tier -?. Several pieces of scrap were found on this square. It was possible to determine only one of them. The rest of the vessels are splinters.\par
Small dishes (Fig. \hyperref[fig_2]{33}.1). It was made from clay manually. The clay is not tight. The smoothing side is bent inwardly. Burns are uniform, color is light brown. The length diameter is about 7 cm and the wall thickness is 0.9 cm.\par
Squared -2-B, tier-II. There are two big ones among the vessels found in this quarry.\par
Edge of the koze (It is like a vase). (Fig. \hyperref[fig_2]{33}.2). The fracture of the vessel, made by hand-sticking sand, mixed with mica. The lateral wall is bent forward and leaned outwardly. Density of clay and burnt are not uniform, the color is dark brown. The diameter of edge is 22.5 cm and the wall thickness is 1 cm. The outside was burnt.\par
The edge of koze (Fig. \hyperref[fig_2]{33}.3). The splinter of edge of tableware is composed of sand and organic materials which made from clay manually. The lateral wall is bent inward and curved outwardly, the surface is flattened. It is observed that the density of the substrate is increased by its solids. Clay is tight, burnt is not uniform, outer is dark brown, and inner side is brown. The diameter of edge is 30 cm, the thickness of the edge is 1.5 cm, the side diameter is about 32.5 cm, the wall thickness is 1-1.2 cm. The outside is completely burnt in the fire.\par
During the excavations a number of splinters were defined from the IV tier. Basically, most of them are spall of kitchen and utility vessels. 
\section[{Square -I-A, tier-IV.}]{Square -I-A, tier-IV.}\par
There is a big koze among these splinters of vessels in this square.\par
The edge of koze (Fig. \hyperref[fig_3]{34}.1). The splinters of edge of the vessel were made by hand-sealing of clay from the sand. The straight bent side curved from the side curved straight outward. Clay is solid, burnt is not uniform, the middle part inside is brown, outside is brown-red. The diameter of the edge is 26 cm, the diameter of the side is 33 cm, the wall thickness is 1.2 cm. 
\section[{Square -2-B, tier-IV.}]{Square -2-B, tier-IV.}\par
The edge of crockery (Figure \hyperref[fig_3]{34}.2). The spall of edge of the vessel were made by hand-sealing of clay from the sand. The straight exit wall is drooped outward and the surface is flattened. The clay is dense, burning is not uniform, the inner side is dark gray, and the outer side is brown red. The edge thickness is 1.8 cm, wall thickness is 0.9-1.2 cm. The outside is burnt. 
\section[{Squared -5-D, tier-IV.}]{Squared -5-D, tier-IV.}\par
The edge of koze (Figure \hyperref[fig_3]{34}.3). The splinter of edge of the vessel were made by hand-sealing of clay from the sand. The wall that has been sprouted from the bottom is curved strightly and is bent free inward. At the same distance around the sloping side, there is a sloping hinge with a solid object. The clay is dense, burning is not uniform, the inner side is dark gray, the outer side is brown-red. The diameter of edge is 38 cm, the diameter of the side is 39 cm, the thickness of the wall is 0.8-1 cm. One of the most informative methods for reconstructing the climate, landscape and the natural conditions in general is the palynological (spore-pollen) analysis. 
\section[{Volume XIX Issue III Version I}]{Volume XIX Issue III Version I}\par
Palynological analysis is used in great demand in world practice. The services of palinologists are appealed by geologists, physicians, environmentalists, botanists, geographers, but the most widespread use of palynology is found in archaeological practices.\par
Pollen of plants is a complex microscopic generative structure that carries the male gametophyte of plants. Due to the external high-strength sculptured shell -exine, spores and pollen grains are not destroyed under the influence of chemical, physical and enzymatic impact, which keeps them in the rock for many thousands and even millions of years, and also allows them to be extracted from the breed as a result of laboratory treatment. Practically, pollen and spores can be persisted in geological sediments independently from the facial conditions of the deposits \hyperref[b17]{[16]}.\par
The picture of the surface of exine, the location of the sprouting pores, apertures, furrows and all kinds of formations are an excellent diagnostic feature in determining taxonomic affiliation. The ability to compare fossil pollen, preserved in relatively young (Cenozoic) sediments, with the pollen of modern plants gives a clue to understand the history of the flora in the past.\par
Spores and pollen are scattered by wind, water, animals and cover the surface of land and water, the socalled "pollen rain", buried in sedimentary deposits.\par
In this way, practically all sedimentary deposits retain fossilized spores and pollen in different numbers, from which the spore-pollen spectrum (SPS, palynospectrum 1 ) of each horizon is formed. The palynological method is practically the only paleontological method that allows us to dismember the inexpressive Holocene strata (from 12,000 to the present) and determine the climate stratigraphic horizons.\par
Holocene deposits contain pollen and spores of the same plants practically that grow in the studied territory now.\par
Methods for interpreting palynological data on the arid zone are based on a study of changes in the composition of herbaceous shrub plants, although dominant families are often unchanged. According to the composition of the SPS dominate, it is possible to judge the background vegetation of the research area, and the accompanying and rare single pollen forms may indicate microecological conditions.\par
The natural environment is -a complex system where the relief, landscape, lithology, height of the territory above sea level and many other geological and geomorphological features, as well as plants, animals and climate (air temperature, moisture availability) are in close connection. One of the most sensitive components of the natural environment is flora. Minor climate changes affect the composition of vegetation, the redistribution of major plant associations. Thus, reconstruction of the vegetation of the past allows us to restore the main direction of development of the climate and the natural environment.\par
Superficial modern samples serve as a model and basis for further interpretation and carrying out of objective paleophytocenotic and paleogeographic reconstructions.\par
Reconstruction of the climate of the Holocene of the Zhetysu according to palynological data Eight biozons were obtained for the Zhetisu, (a detailed description of the biozones, the principles for their isolation are given in the article by S.A. Nigmatova -Problems of the stratigraphy of the Holocene of Southern Kazakhstan. // Bulletin of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Ser. Geol., ? 6. -2004.-p.20-31 ), which permit us to distinguish climatostratigraphic intervals more fractional than in the standard scale of Blitt-Sernader-Khotinsky (Figure \hyperref[fig_19]{20-21}).\par
Analysis of palynological material from the Holocene sediments of various landscape areas of the Zhetisu let us conclude about the multidirectional features of the reaction of vegetation in the mountainous regions and the flat areas of the arid zone on climate change.\par
It was possible to dismember the Holocene deposits into 11 stages based on the materials of the palynological study (Preboreal, Boreal, Atlantic (A-I, A-II, A-III), Subboreal (SB-I, SB-II, SB-III) and Subatlantic (SA -I, SA-II, SA-III)), reflecting consistent shifts in the temperature-humidity regime, resulting in a change in the vegetation cover.\par
The most optimal climatic conditions for the Holocene were in the Atlantic century, when according to our data, the development of mesophilic vegetation in the steppe, semi-desert zone and foothills wereobserved on the territory of Kazakhstan and adjacent regions of western Siberia \hyperref[b5]{[5]}. Most clearly stands out stage of the climatic optimum in the middle of the Holocene, an interval from 4500 to 8000 years ago. Precisely, this time is connected with the large lake stages of Balkhash, Alakol, Aral and Caspian seas. The climate of this stage is the most favorable ratio of moisture availability and heat in comparison with modern climate \hyperref[b17]{[16]}.\par
The palynological method is based on the study of spores and pollen, produced annually by the plants in huge quantities. The ability of plants to produce spores and pollen, as well as its quality and quantityhavean expressed dependence on changes of climatic and landscape conditions.\par
Further, climatic conditions have a general tendency towards progressive aridization, but with periods of climate optimization. Subboreal century is characterized by relatively cool, but moistureconditions, which are well recovered on spore-pollen diagrams and reflected in climatic curves. Only at the end of the subboreal period was marked a period of warming and some desiccation, which later, the sub-Atlantic century is replaced by a gradual increase in moisture, the maximum of which is in the middle of the subatlantic. With the same time, the most clearly fixed cold and moisture stage are associated, both in the mountains and in the desert zone, which in some cases is marked by a small initial cryogenic structure found in the camps of Tamgaly, Sirektas, Bigash. The Blitt-Sernander scheme, modernized by  {\ref Khotinsky (1991)} The scheme worked out by B.Zh.  {\ref Aubekerov}  Before proceeding with the description of the section, it is necessary to briefly review the features and methods of studying quaternary deposits which used in the field conditions. Many features of quaternary sediments, which distinguish them from older Paleozoic rocksdue to the short period of the Quaternary period and the fact that the formation of the Quaternary cover continue at the present time. Early life and surface occurrence are explained by the looseness of sedimentary quaternary deposits, the absence of any significant signs of diagenesis and metamorphism in them.\par
Observation of modern sedimentation processes makes it possible to determine quite confidently the genesis of the sediments consideration. A very important feature of Quaternary sediments is explained by surface occurrence: their close connection with the modern relief. For example, many genetic types of Quaternary sediments form certain forms of relief (river terraces in river valleys, slope forms of the relay, eolian relief, etc.). Normal stratigraphic occurrence of Quaternary sediments, i.e. the occurrence of young sediments on older ones is observed only in areas of stable Pleistocene subsidence. In the same areas where the accumulation of Quaternary formations occurred during the dismemberment of the relief is widely developed the leaning of the relatively young sediments to older ones, occupying a higher hypsometric position. The leaning occurrence of alluvial deposits is expressed in the river valleys by the complexes of differently aged terraces, in the foothill zone -by complexes of different ages of cones of removal lying at different hypsometric levels \hyperref[b18]{[17]}.\par
The most important in the study of Quaternary sediments are geomorphological observations, allows directly determining the genesis in the field conditions, and sometimes the age of the deposits. The role of the geomorphological method is more worth than the study of pre-Quaternary formations. The geomorphological Volume XIX Issue III Version I 39 ( D )\par
method is the leading one in the regions of predominance of Quaternary accumulative forms of relief: areas of fluvial and fluvioglacial accumulation, river valleys, foothills, eolian plains and others. In these areas, the geological structure of individual forms, the structure and texture of sediments, and their lithological composition can be very often judged by the features of the relief. So, for example, on the location of river terraces, you can confidently talk about the relative age of each of them.\par
The main object of the study of Quaternary sediments is the natural outcrops that occur along valleys of rivers, in foothill zones, on the coast of lakes and seas, and artificial -quarries, ditches, etc. A detailed study of outcrops allows one to obtain the most complete picture of the geological structure of the study area. When exposed, there are optimal conditions for a detailed study of all details of the geological structure, their description, sketching and photographing, as well as for sampling, monoliths, etc.\par
The outcrops are usually covered with landslides, screes and mudslides, requiring meticulous clearing. There are selected areas of outcrops with less powerful landslides and screes, where they dig vertical trenches. In one outcropwere made several clearings to obtain a complete incision of the studied thicknesses and to track the facial variability of individual horizons and layers.\par
Low power and rapid variability of quaternary deposits require a great deal of detail in the description of the incision. Even small incisions of power can often contain information on sedimentation conditions over relatively long intervals of the quaternary period.\par
The description of the incisions must be carried out in the following sequence: 1) the number and exact geographical snapping of the incision; 2) geomorphological position; 3) dimensions of the incision (length, height), stretch; 4) the general characteristic of the deposits, opened by incision; 5) layerwise description of the incision, including for each layer: a) definition of the rock; b) color of the rock; c) power, the nature of the boundaries of the layer -the sole and roofing, i.e, the relationship with the underlying and overlapping rocks, the presence of interlayers; e) the structure of the layer -the nature of the grit of sand grains, the granularity of clays, the presence of pellets and so on (using a magnifying glass); e) mineralogical composition; g) layer texture (rhythm of deposits, types of oblique lamination, sorting of grains in puffs indicating the thickness of puffs and packs, elements of their occurrence); h) the syngenetic and epigenetic texture of cryogenic, landslide, solifluction, glacial and other genesis, with a description of the morphological features and material composition of the constituent deposits; i) syngenetic and epigenetic mineral formations and inclusions; k) determination of the roundness of pebble and change in their orientation (for deposits of the aquatic genetic series); l) fossil organic remains; m) conclusion, reflecting the views of the researcher on the conditions of formation of the sedimentary section, their age and correlation with neighboring incisions \hyperref[b19]{[18]}.\par
The description of the incisions accompanies the compilation of stratigraphic columns, which is conducted from left to right in the corresponding graphs: 1) the stratigraphic index; 2) the number of the layer; 3) the depth of the layer; 4) thickness of the layer; 5) graphic image of the lithologic composition of sediments; 6) a brief description of the layer deposits; 7) numbers selected for analysis of samples with accurate fixation of the place of their collection. The stratigraphic column is carried out on a scale that provides a clear image of the features of the deposits of each layer. In addition, the incisions are sketched (usually in an arbitrary direction along the outline of the outcrop) and photographed. Now, let's pay attention to a specific incision located on the right (eastern) slope of the Rakhat river valley at the exit of the river from the mountains. The outcrop is a vertical cliff, a relative height above the floodplain of the river is 10 m, composed mainly of loess rocks. The description of incision starts from the top down in the following sequence (Figure \hyperref[fig_2]{3}): In general, the nature of the boundaries of the layers are -the soles and roofs i.e. their relationship with the underlying and overlapping rocks is not clear, sometimes characterized by a gradual transition.\par
Based on the analysis of considered outcrop, it is possible to come up the following conclusion on the conditions for the formation of deposits composing this incision.\par
In geomorphological relations, the quarry is exposed by the lower foothill stage (lower counters) located in the foothills of the Ile Alatau ridge on all its length, at an altitude of 900 -1200 m above sea level. Most of the incision is formed by loess rocks which form the lower foothill stage. Age of loess rocks according to scientists is -middle Quaternary (M.Zh.  {\ref Zhandayev, 1964)}. The genesis of loess deposits is predominantly eolian. Loess was formed in the Middle Quaternary epoch, when dry and cold glacial air dominated in the periglacial zone of the Southern Balkhash region, which facilitated the dispersion and transfer of dust particles to the foothill zones of Ile Alatau in the form of cover deposits. In subsequent epochs, loessic deposits became involved in neotectonic uplifts and underwent intensive erosion and dismemberment, forming the lower foothill stage -the lower counters. Exactly the same way in the early Quaternary era, the upper foothill stage was also formed -the upper counters, also located along the northern foothills of the Ile Alatau ridge at absolute heights of 1200 -1700 meters. They are low mountains or ridges that extend from the main massif of the ridge in the northern direction with a flattened surface and smooth outlines \hyperref[b20]{[19]}.\par
Thus, loess rocks within the northern foothills of the Ile Alatau ridge are located at different hypsometric levels, including the lower and upper foothill stages. They are distributed and higher up to the upper boundary of the forest; to an altitude of 2600 -2800 meters (B.A. Fedorovich, 1981). In the conditions of the foothills, which loess deposits are located, the dust brought from the Southern Balkhash and often precipitated together with the rain accumulates a comparatively thick stratum of loess with high porosity, carbonate and all other properties of typical loess.\par
The upper part of the described incision with a thickness of 2.4 meters is a deluvium, which is the product of flushing of fine earth from the overlying foothill stage (upper shelves). This is a loose product that occurs as a result of the accumulation of rain and thawed snowstorm washed from the overlying slopes. Deluvium accumulated on the surface of a gentle slope of the lower foothill stage in the form of a cover with a total thickness of 2.4 meters. In these deposits isobserved a thin stratification, parallel to the slope. Age of deluvial deposits is modern. Science advances in the search of time and space for tasks and questions. Its branches as natural science, engineering, mathematics, and physics increase labor productivity and rises the wealth of the nation, indirectly promoting material production in the public-humanitarian sphere, and ultimately serves to extend the nation's lives. At the same time, the duty of archeology is the most responsible. The science of archeology sheds light on the nation, brings them up and forms its patriotism, by examining the nation's discovered and lost, the existence and the loss, teachings and experience of the past years.\par
In the era of totalitarianism, Kazakhstan's archeology failed to fulfill any of these tasks. That's why the chance is just appeared. In short, the future of our young state is connected with science, and the future of science is closely linked to the state policy. The leadership of Kazakhstan, aware of the fact that it does not engage in this relationship, will soon come to terms with raising its knowledge and science to a qualitatively new heights. Strategy of Kazakhstan's entry into the 50 most developed countries of the is the creation of academic centers and educational institutions that conform to the highest international standards, modern education development, continuous improvement of qualification and retraining of personnel and further development of the culture of the people of Kazakhstan.\begin{figure}[htbp]
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\noindent\textbf{13}\includegraphics[]{image-14.png}
\caption{\label{fig_12}Figure 13 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{14}\includegraphics[]{image-15.png}
\caption{\label{fig_13}Figure 14 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1516}\includegraphics[]{image-16.png}
\caption{\label{fig_14}Figure 15 :Figure 16 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{17}\includegraphics[]{image-17.png}
\caption{\label{fig_15}Figure 17 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1819}\includegraphics[]{image-18.png}
\caption{\label{fig_16}Figure 18 :Figure 19 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-19.png}
\caption{\label{fig_17}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{20}\includegraphics[]{image-20.png}
\caption{\label{fig_18}Figure 20 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{21}\includegraphics[]{image-21.png}
\caption{\label{fig_19}Figure 21 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{22}\includegraphics[]{image-22.png}
\caption{\label{fig_20}Figure 22 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{23}\includegraphics[]{image-23.png}
\caption{\label{fig_21}Figure 23 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{24}\includegraphics[]{image-24.png}
\caption{\label{fig_22}Figure 24 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{25}\includegraphics[]{image-25.png}
\caption{\label{fig_23}Figure 25 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{27}\includegraphics[]{image-26.png}
\caption{\label{fig_24}Figure 27 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{29}\includegraphics[]{image-27.png}
\caption{\label{fig_25}Figure 29 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{30}\includegraphics[]{image-28.png}
\caption{\label{fig_26}Figure 30 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-29.png}
\caption{\label{fig_27}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{32}\includegraphics[]{image-30.png}
\caption{\label{fig_29}Figure 32 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-31.png}
\caption{\label{figure31}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-32.png}
\caption{\label{figure32}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.4594594594594595\textwidth}P{0.1608108108108108\textwidth}P{0.22972972972972974\textwidth}}
Mound / burial\tabcellsep Sex\tabcellsep Age (year)\\
Mound 1\tabcellsep Male\tabcellsep 35-45\\
Mound 2\tabcellsep Female\tabcellsep 18-25\\
Mound 3 b.1 low.\tabcellsep Male\tabcellsep 40-45\\
Mound 3 b.1 upp.\tabcellsep Male\tabcellsep 25-35\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.022528653295128938\textwidth}P{0.06819484240687679\textwidth}P{0.5132879656160458\textwidth}P{0.11325214899713468\textwidth}P{0.13273638968481374\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Burial ground\tabcellsep Rakhat\tabcellsep Rakhat\\
\tabcellsep Symptom\tabcellsep Round/burial\tabcellsep m. 3 b.lower\tabcellsep m. 3 b. upper\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Sex\tabcellsep ?\tabcellsep ?\\
\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 4\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Linear:\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep Longitudinal diameter\tabcellsep 186,0\tabcellsep 188,0\\
\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep Transverse d.\tabcellsep 130,0\tabcellsep 149,0\\
\tabcellsep 17\tabcellsep Altitudinal d.\tabcellsep 135,0\tabcellsep 125,0\\
\tabcellsep 20\tabcellsep Ear height\tabcellsep 114,0\tabcellsep 118,0\\
28\tabcellsep 5 9\tabcellsep Length of main skull Small.width of forehead\tabcellsep 99,0 92,0\tabcellsep 96,0 100,0\\
Volume XIX Issue III Version I\tabcellsep 10 11 12 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 40 43\tabcellsep Large.width of forehead Width of main skull The width of the neck Sagittal arc The frontal arc Parietal arc Occipital arc Frontal chorda Parietal chorda Occipital chorda Length of main face Upper width of face\tabcellsep 110,0 117,0 106,0 386,0 126,0 139,0 121,0 111,0 123,0 98,0 -105,0\tabcellsep 124,0 142,0 116,0 383,0 130,0 130,0 123,0 113,0 118,0 96,0 102,0 113,0\\
( D )\tabcellsep 45 46\tabcellsep Zygomatic diameter Average width of face\tabcellsep 126,0 92,0\tabcellsep 144,0 104,0\\
\tabcellsep 47\tabcellsep Full height of face\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 130,0\\
\tabcellsep 48\tabcellsep Upper height of face\tabcellsep 70,0\tabcellsep 81,0\\
\tabcellsep 51\tabcellsep The width of the orbit\tabcellsep 41,3\tabcellsep 45,0\\
\tabcellsep 51?\tabcellsep The width of orbit from\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 42,0\\
\tabcellsep 52\tabcellsep The height of the orbit\tabcellsep 30,2\tabcellsep 34,8\\
\tabcellsep 54\tabcellsep The width of the nose\tabcellsep 23,7\tabcellsep 31,2\\
\tabcellsep 55\tabcellsep The height of the nose\tabcellsep 46,5\tabcellsep 55,0\\
\tabcellsep 60\tabcellsep Length of alveoli.arc\tabcellsep 54,0\tabcellsep 58,0\\
\tabcellsep 61\tabcellsep The width of alveoli.arc\tabcellsep 61,0\tabcellsep 70,0\\
\tabcellsep 62\tabcellsep The length of the sky\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 50,2\\
\tabcellsep 63\tabcellsep The width of the sky\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 44,6\\
\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 4\\
\tabcellsep sc\tabcellsep Symotic width\tabcellsep 8,1\tabcellsep 5,8\\
\tabcellsep ss\tabcellsep Symotic height\tabcellsep 3,5\tabcellsep 2,0\\
\tabcellsep mc\tabcellsep Maxillafr.width\tabcellsep 19,5\tabcellsep 20,2\\
\tabcellsep ms\tabcellsep Maxillafr.height\tabcellsep 7,5\tabcellsep 3,7\\
\tabcellsep dc\tabcellsep Dacryal width\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 24,2\\
\tabcellsep ds\tabcellsep Dacryal height\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 8,0\\
\tabcellsep FC\tabcellsep Deep. canine fossa\tabcellsep 5,0\tabcellsep 3,0\\
\tabcellsep Sub NB\tabcellsep The height of the forehead bend\tabcellsep 23,5\tabcellsep 27,3\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep The corner:\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep 32\tabcellsep The forehead inclination\tabcellsep 81\tabcellsep 85,0\\
\tabcellsep GM/FH\tabcellsep Forehead profiles fr. g.\tabcellsep 72\tabcellsep 80,0\\
\tabcellsep 72\tabcellsep General Facial\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep -\\
\tabcellsep 73\tabcellsep Middle-faced\tabcellsep 90\tabcellsep 90,0\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}Table 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.05018450184501845\textwidth}P{0.5363468634686347\textwidth}P{0.08782287822878229\textwidth}P{0.17564575645756458\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 29\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Volume XIX Issue III Version I\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep D )\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (\\
\tabcellsep Cipher\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Rakhat, m.1}\\
1\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 8\\
\tabcellsep collarbone\tabcellsep right\tabcellsep left\\
1\tabcellsep the largest length\tabcellsep ?\tabcellsep ?\\
4\tabcellsep vert.diam.\tabcellsep ?\tabcellsep ?\\
5\tabcellsep sag.diam.\tabcellsep ?\tabcellsep ?\\
6\tabcellsep sur.\tabcellsep ?\tabcellsep ?\\
6/1\tabcellsep Indic.strengths\tabcellsep ?\tabcellsep ?\\
\tabcellsep shoulder blade\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
1\tabcellsep morphology.width\tabcellsep ?\tabcellsep ?\\
2\tabcellsep morph.leng.\tabcellsep ?\tabcellsep ?\\
12\tabcellsep leng.joint\tabcellsep ?\tabcellsep ?\\
13\tabcellsep wid.joint\tabcellsep ?\tabcellsep ?\\
\tabcellsep branchial bone\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
1\tabcellsep The larg.length\tabcellsep ?\tabcellsep 290\\
2\tabcellsep com.leng.\tabcellsep ?\tabcellsep 287\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_3}Table 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.1603011093502377\textwidth}P{0.47416798732171156\textwidth}P{0.01751188589540412\textwidth}P{0.08486529318541997\textwidth}P{0.11315372424722661\textwidth}}
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Results of Archaeological Excavations Conducted at the Rakhat Monument in Almaty Region}\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{(Based on the Reporting Materials for 2015-2016)}\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Year 2019\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 31\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Volume XIX Issue III Version I\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep D )\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (\\
1 1 4 5 6 6/1 1 2 12 13\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Rakhat burial ground (E.P. Kitov) Rakhat m.2, b.2 2 3 larg.leng. 129 vert.diam. 8 sag.diam. 10 sur. 30 Ind.strengths 23,3 shoulder blade morph.wid. ? morph.leng. ? leng.joint ? wid.joint ? Collarbone Right}\tabcellsep 4 ? ? ? ? -? ? ? ? Left\tabcellsep -Global Journal of Human Social Science\\
\tabcellsep Branchial bone\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
1\tabcellsep larg.leng.\tabcellsep ?\tabcellsep 298\\
2\tabcellsep com.leng.\tabcellsep ?\tabcellsep 295\\
3\tabcellsep wid.upp.e.\tabcellsep 45\tabcellsep 44\\
4\tabcellsep wid.low.e.\tabcellsep ?\tabcellsep 51\\
5\tabcellsep larg.l.mid..\tabcellsep 19\tabcellsep 18\\
6\tabcellsep smal.l.mid.d.\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 13\\
7\tabcellsep smal.cir.l.\tabcellsep 53\tabcellsep 53\\
7?\tabcellsep sur.mid.l.\tabcellsep 52\tabcellsep 53\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep © 2019 Global Journals\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_4}Table 4 :}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2019 Global Journals © 201} 			\footnote{Year 2019 © 2019 Global Journals © 201} 			\footnote{© 2019 Global Journals} 		 		\backmatter   			 
\subsection[{Acknowledgments}]{Acknowledgments}\par
In 2014-2016 archaeological excavations were carried out in the Rakhat settlement in the framework of the State Program "The people in the flow of history" on the theme "Scientific program of the international scientific larboratory on archaeological dating of artifacts" headed by the director Can.His.Sc., ass.professor G.T. Bexeitov of the international scientific-research laboratory "Geoarcheology" which was created at al-Farabi Kazakh National university.\par
We express our gratitude to the staff of the international scientific-research laboratory "Geoarcheology" of Al-Farabi KazNU and to the organizer of the state program "The people in the flow of history" M.M. Tazhin. 			  			 \par
Artifacts associated with the Bronze Age were found in the upper parts of the incision (quarry), in different layers of the deluvial deposits related to the age of the Holocene (Q IV ).\par
Geologo-geomorphological description of the Rakhat gorge was schemed by: Kusainov SeitkozhaAkhmeruly Professor, Doc.His.Sc. of the Department of Geography, land management and cadastre of al-Farabi Kazakh National University 0,1 m Loess loams of light color (Q IV ) 0,4 ? Loess loams of dark-grey color (Q IV ) 0,5 ? Wave and splay wave loess loams of dark-grey color (Q IV ) 1.  
\subsection[{V. Conclusion}]{V. Conclusion}\par
The results of the laboratory analysis and artifacts allowed determining the cultural stages of the Rakhat camp. A deeper study of the complex of monuments in the framework of the State Program "The people in the flow of history" on the theme"The Research Program ofinternational scientific laboratory on archaeological dating of the artifacts"provideswith improvement of archeological degree at the universities of the republic, modeling of paintings from ancient epochs, restoration of the lives and ecological conditions of the first people.\par
At the same time, the goal of archaeological research works carried out on the basis of the international scientific-research laboratory "Geoarcheology" of al-Farabi Kazakh National University in the framework of the State Program "The people in the flow of history" on the theme "The Research Program of international scientific laboratory on archaeological dating of the artifacts" is to determine the historical significance. Most materials of the monuments, mounds, settlements and nomad camps located in the settlement Rakhat show that the region's historical roots are deep.\par
In the conclusion, the world's science has a great interest in the culture and art of the firstcommunity society. The success of natural sciences is widely used in the decision of a number of questions, and new technological possibilities help to consider and clarify some issues. At the same time, Kazakhstan archeologists have achieved many successes in the field of natural sciences (Paleobotanics, Paleogeology, Odontology, Chemistry and Physics, Genetics, Geomorphology, Palinology etc.). Its results are considered to be a significant success in the historiography of the world archeology.\par
In the future, resuming research in the settlement Rakhat is important for science. We can make a significant contribution to the history of Kazakhstan by defining the borders, cultural layers and the construction sites of the settlement. Further studying of the remains of the native culture of the vast area, provideswith valuable information on the political, socioeconomic situation of the settlement.			 			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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