@incollection{,
	
					
					
					6DC08ED0683165E912BA680AADCBF9BB
				,
	author={{Buor,D} and {Ayim,G.} and {Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}},
	journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1932331
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{Effect of mining on farming in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State}}
		,
	author={{
			MAAdegboye
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management}}
		
			3
			4
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@book{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			OAfdb
		} and {
			UUndp
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2011}
			,
	publisher={African Economic Outlook}
		
	

}

@book{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Customary and statutory land tenure and land policy in Ghana}}
		,
	author={{
			LAgbosu
		} and {
			MAwumbila
		} and {
			CDowuona-Hammond
		} and {
			DTsikata
		}}
		
		
		
		No.70
		
			,
	year={2007}
			,
	address={Legon}
		
		
			Institute of Statistical, Social & Economic Research, University of Ghana
		
	
	,
	note={Technical Publication}

}

@incollection{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{African Mining Codes a Race to the Bottom}}
		,
	author={{
			TAkabzaa
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{T. Akabzaa, African Mining Codes a Race to the Bottom}}
				
			,
	year={2004}
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Glitering Facade, Effects of Mining Activities on Obuasi and its Surrounding Communities}}
		,
	author={{
			TAkabzaa
		} and {
			JSSeyire
		} and {
			KAfriyie
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Accra: Third World Network}}
		
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{Impact of mining sector investment in Ghana: A study of the Tarkwa mining region}}
		,
	author={{
			TAkabzaa
		} and {
			ADarimani
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Third World Network}}
		
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{The mining industry in Ghana: a blessing or acurse}}
		,
	author={{
			KAmponsah-Tawiah
		} and {
			KDartey-Baah
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Business and Social Science}}
		
			2
			12
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{Gender and mining in Kenya: The case of the Mukibira mines in the Vihiga district}}
		,
	author={{
			MAmutabi
		} and {
			MLutta-Mukhebi
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Jenda: A Journal of Culture and African Women's Studies}}
		
			1
			2
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Interview with Selasi Seth Attipoe-Fittz, Deputy National Coordinator}}
		,
	author={{
			SAttipoe-Fittz
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{National Youth Employment Programme (NYEP)}}
		
			,
	year={2010. 2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Determinants of unemployment in Ghana}}
		,
	author={{
			WBaah-Boateng
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{African Development Review}}
		
			25
			4
			
			,
	year={2013. 2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Challenges with eradicating illegal mining in Ghana: A perspective from the grassroots}}
		,
	author={{
			SMBanchirigah
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Resources Policy}}
		
			33
			1
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Deagrarianization, re-agrarianization and local economic development: Re-orientating livelihoods in African artisanal mining communities}}
		,
	author={{
			SMBanchirigah
		} and {
			GHilson
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Policy Sciences}}
		
			43
			2
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Legalization guide for artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) draft fordiscussion}}
		,
	author={{
			MLBarreto
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{ARM Series on Responsible ASM}}
		
			5
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{Water and mining conflicts in Peru}}
		,
	author={{
			ABebbington
		} and {
			MWilliams
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Mountain Research and Development}}
		
			28
			3
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@book{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{DFID Social Exclusion Review}}
		,
	author={{
			JBeall
		} and {
			LHPiron
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2005}
			,
	publisher={Overseas Development Institute}
			,
	address={London}
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Arsenic and heavy metal contamination of soil and vegetation around a copper mine in Northern Preu}}
		,
	author={{
			JBech
		} and {
			CPoschenrieder
		} and {
			MBarcelo
		} and {
			Tume
		} and {
			FJTobias
		} and {
			JLBarranzuelac
		} and {
			Vasquez
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Science Total Environment}}
		
			17
			
			,
	year={1999. 1997}
		
	
	,
	note={Bebbington.}

}

@book{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{Artisanal Gold Mining}}
		
			,
	year={2011}
			,
	publisher={Blacksmith Institute}
			,
	address={New York}
		
	

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{Impact of Illegal Small-Scale Mining (Galamsey) on Cocoa Production in Atiwa District of Ghana}}
		,
	author={{
			DOBoateng
		} and {
			FN YCodjoe
		} and {
			JOfori
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Advanced Agricultural Research}}
		
			
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@book{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Conflict Gold to Criminal Gold: The new face of artisanal gold mining in Congo}}
		,
	author={{
			ECarisch
		}}
		
			,
	year={2012}
			,
	address={Southern Africa Resource Watch, South Africa}
		
	

}

@book{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Globalization, frontier masculinities and violence: booze, blokes and brawls}}
		,
	author={{
			KCarrington
		} and {
			AMcintosh
		} and {
			JScott
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2010}
			50
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{Sustainable rural livelihoods: Practical Concepts for the 21 st Century}}
		,
	author={{
			RChambers
		} and {
			GConway
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{IDS Discussion Paper}}
		
			296
			,
	year={1992}
			,
	publisher={IDS}
		
	

}

@incollection{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{Reforming small-scale mining in sub-Saharan Africa: Political and ideological challenges to a Fair Trade Gold Initiative}}
		,
	author={{
			JChilds
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Resources Policy}}
		
			33
			4
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Women's empowerment and economic development}}
		,
	author={{
			EDuflo
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{NBER Working Paper No. w17792}}
				Cambridge, Massachusetts
		
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@book{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{The effects of economic policies and reforms on poverty alleviation in Ghana}}
		,
	author={{
			CKDordunoo
		} and {
			HASackey
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={1997}
			,
	publisher={GTZ}
			,
	address={Eschborn, Germany}
		
	

}

@book{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{In: Troubled Waters: How mine was dumping is poisoning our oceans, rivers, and lakes, Earthworks and Mining Watch Canada}}
		,
	author={{
			Mining WatchEarthworks
		} and {
			Canada
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@book{b25,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			OAEarthworks
		}}
		,
	title={{Dirty Metals: Mining Communities and the Environment. Earthworks}}
				Washington DC
		
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@book{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{Sustainable small-scale gold mining in Ghana: setting and strategies for sustainability}}
		,
	author={{
			PAEshun
		}}
		
			,
	year={2005}
			,
	publisher={Geological Society, London, Special Publications}
			250
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{Benefits of Strength and Skill-based Training During Primary School Physical Education}}
		,
	author={{
			ADFaigenbaum
		} and {
			JABush
		} and {
			RPMcloone
		} and {
			MCKreckel
		} and {
			AFarrel
		} and {
			NARatamess
		} and {
			JKang
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Strength Cond Res}}
		
			29
			5
			
			,
	year={2015}
		
	

}

@incollection{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{Occupying the margins: Labor integration and social exclusion in artisanal mining in Tanzania}}
		,
	author={{
			EFisher
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Development and Change}}
		
			38
			4
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@book{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{2010 Population and Housing Census: Summary report of final results}}
		,
	author={{
			Ghana Statistical Service
		}}
		
			,
	year={2012}
			,
	address={Accra: Ghana Statistical Service}
		
	

}

@book{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{Mining women: Gender in the development of a global industry}}
		,
	author={{
			JGier
		} and {
			LMercier
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2006. 1670 to 2005}
			,
	publisher={Macmillan}
		
	

}

@incollection{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{Moralities, risk and rules in West African Artisanal Gold Mining Communities: A case study of Northern Benin}}
		,
	author={{
			TGratz
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Resources Policy}}
		
			34
			1
			
			,
	year={2009. 2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			THentschel
		} and {
			Hruschkaf
		} and {
			MPriester
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Global Report on Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining}}
		
			,
	year={2002}
			,
	publisher={International Institute for Environment and Development}
		
	

}

@incollection{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{Small-scale mining and its socioeconomic impact in developing countries}}
		,
	author={{
			GHilson
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Natural Resources Forum}}
				
			,
	year={2002}
			26
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{Agricultural poverty" and the expansion of artisanal mining in sub-Saharan Africa: Experiences from southwest Mali and southeast Ghana}}
		,
	author={{
			GHilson
		} and {
			CGarforth
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Population Research and Policy Review}}
		
			31
			3
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{Going for gold: transitional livelihoods in Northern Ghana}}
		,
	author={{
			GHilson
		} and {
			RAmankwah
		} and {
			GOfori-Sarpong
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J. Mod. Afr. Stud}}
		
			51
			01
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b36,
	
	
		,
	title={{Once a miner, always a miner": Poverty and livelihood diversification in Akwatia}}
		,
	author={{
			GHilson
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Ghana. Journal of Rural Studies}}
		
			26
			3
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{Improving Awareness of Mercury Pollution in Small-Scale Gold Mining Communities: Challenges and way Forward in Rural Ghana}}
		,
	author={{
			GHilson
		} and {
			CJHilson
		} and {
			SPardie
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Environmental Research}}
		
			103
			2
			
			,
	year={2007. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{Structural adjustment and subsistence industry: artisanal gold mining in Ghana}}
		,
	author={{
			GHilson
		} and {
			CPotter
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Development and change}}
		
			36
			1
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@book{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{Impact of Education and Training}}
		,
	author={{
			MHiese
		} and {
			WMeyer
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2004}
			,
	publisher={CEDEFOP}
			,
	address={Luxembourg}
		
	

}

@book{b40,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Artisanal and Small Scale Mining Sector &Sustainable Livelihoods}}
		,
	author={{
			MHoadley
		} and {
			DLimpit Law
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2004}
			,
	publisher={School of Mining Engineering}
			,
	address={South Africa}
		
	

}

@incollection{b41,
	
	
		,
	title={{Rock-solid chances for responsible artisanal mining}}
		,
	author={{
			FHruschka
		} and {
			CEchavarria
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Arm Series on Responsible ASM}}
		
			3
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@book{b42,
	
	
		,
	title={{Global trends in artisanal and small scale mining (ASM): A review of key numbers and issues}}
		
			,
	year={2017}
			,
	publisher={ISSD}
			,
	address={Winnipeg}
		
	

}

@book{b43,
	
	
		,
	title={{Women in Aerisanal and Small-Scale Mining: challenges and opprtunjioties for greater participation}}
		
			,
	year={2018}
			,
	publisher={Winnipeg:ISSD}
		
		
			IGF
		
	

}

@incollection{b44,
	
	
		,
	title={{The environmental and socio-economic impacts of mining on local livelihoods in Tanzania: A case study of Geita District}}
		,
	author={{
			AG NKitula
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Cleaner Production}}
		
			14
			3
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@book{b45,
	
	
		,
	title={{The sustainable livelihood approach to poverty reduction. Swedish International development Cooperation Agency}}
		,
	author={{
			LKranz
		}}
		
			,
	year={2001}
			,
	address={Stockholm: Sweden}
		
	

}

@book{b46,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			KwadwoAfriyie
		} and {
			JohnKuumuoriGanle
		} and {
			JanetAbrafiAdomako
		}}
		
		
		,
	title={{The Good in Evil: Discourse Analysis of the Galamsey Industry in Ghana, Oxford Development Studies}}
				
			,
	year={2016}
		
	

}

@incollection{b47,
	
	
		,
	title={{Documenting accountability: environmental impact assessment in a Peruvian mining project}}
		,
	author={{
			FLi
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Polit. Leg. Anthropol. Rev}}
		
			32
			2
			
			,
	year={2009a}
		
	

}

@book{b48,
	
	
		,
	title={{Negotiating livelihoods: women, mining and water resources in Peru. Can. Women's Stud}}
		,
	author={{
			FLi
		}}
		
			,
	year={2009b}
			27
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b49,
	
	
		,
	title={{Informed consent and mining projects: a view from Papua New Guinea}}
		,
	author={{
			MMacintyre
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Pac. Aff}}
		
			80
			1
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@book{b50,
	
	
		,
	title={{Artisanal Gold Mining: A New Frontier in Post Conflict Sierra Leone}}
		,
	author={{
			RMaconachie
		} and {
			GHilson
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2011}
			,
	address={Sierra Leone}
		
	

}

@book{b51,
	
	
		,
	title={{Measuring women's empoerment as a variable in International Development. Washington DC. The World Bank}}
		,
	author={{
			AMalhotra
		} and {
			SRSchuler
		} and {
			CBoender
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2002}
		
		
			Gender and Development Group and Social Development Group
		
	

}

@book{b52,
	
	
		,
	title={{The impacty of regulations and procedures on the livelihoods and asset base of the urban poor: a financial perspective. Paper presenyted at the International Workshop on Regulatory Giidelines for Urban Upgrading}}
		,
	author={{
			RMcleod
		}}
		
			,
	year={2001. May 178-18, 2001}
			,
	address={Bourton-on-Dunsmore}
		
	

}

@incollection{b53,
	
	
		,
	title={{The political economy of transitory mining in Ghana: Understanding the trajectories, triumphs, and tribulations of artisanal and small-scale operators}}
		,
	author={{
			FKNyame
		} and {
			JAGrant
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Extractive Industries and Society}}
		
			1
			1
			
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@incollection{b54,
	
	
		,
	title={{Problematising the resource curse thesis}}
		,
	author={{
			FObeng-Odoom
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Development and Society}}
		
			41
			1
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@book{b55,
	
	
		,
	title={{Mining Impacts on Agricultural Lands and Food Security}}
		,
	author={{
			ITOcansey
		}}
		
			,
	year={2013}
			,
	address={Turku, Finland}
		
		
			Turku University of Applied Sciences
		
	
	,
	note={Unpublished dissertation}

}

@incollection{b56,
	
	
		,
	title={{Gold mining and the socio-economic development of Obuasi in Adanse}}
		,
	author={{
			EAOfosu-Mensah
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{African Journal of History and Culture}}
		
			3
			4
			54
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b57,
	
	
		,
	title={{Grievance and conflict in Ghana's gold mining industry: The case of Obuasi}}
		,
	author={{
			GAOkoh
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Futures}}
		
			62
			
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@book{b58,
	
	
		,
	title={{Social and Labour Issues in Small-Scale Mines: Report forDiscussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Small-scale Mines}}
		,
	author={{
			ILOrganization
		}}
		
			,
	year={1999}
			,
	publisher={International Labour Organization}
			,
	address={Geneva}
		
	

}

@book{b59,
	
	
		,
	title={{Mining is Killing Agriculture}}
		,
	author={{
			DOwusu-Koranteng
		}}
		
			,
	year={2008}
			,
	publisher={WACAM}
			,
	address={Western Region-Ghana}
		
	

}

@book{b60,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Impact of Industrial Surface Gold Mining on Food Crop production in the Tarkwa-Aboso Area. Unpublished dissertation}}
		,
	author={{
			EPeprah
		}}
		
			,
	year={2002}
			,
	address={Legon, Accra, Ghana}
		
		
			University of Ghana
		
	

}

@incollection{b61,
	
	
		,
	title={{Artisanal and small-scale mining as an extralegal economy: De Soto and the redefinition of "formalization}}
		,
	author={{
			SSiegel
		} and {
			MMVeiga
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Resources Policy}}
		
			34
			1
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@book{b62,
	
	
		,
	title={{World emissions of mercury from artisanal and small-scalegold mining}}
		,
	author={{
			KTelmer
		} and {
			MVeiga
		}}
		
		,
	editor={Mason, R. and Pirrone, N.}
		
			,
	year={2009}
			,
	publisher={Springer}
			
			,
	address={New York}
		
	
	,
	note={Mercury fate and transport in the global atmosphere}

}

@book{b63,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			WTsuma
		}}
		,
	title={{Gold Mining in Ghana: Actors, alliances and power}}
				
			,
	publisher={LIT Verlag Münster}
			,
	year={2010}
			15
		
	

}

@book{b64,
	
	
		,
	title={{United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2010)}}
		
			,
	address={New York}
		
	
	,
	note={Marginalized Minorities in Development Programming}

}

@book{b65,
	
	
		,
	title={{Progress of the world's women}}
		
			,
	year={2000. 2000}
			,
	publisher={UNIFEM}
			,
	address={New York}
		
		
			UNIFEM
		
	

}

@book{b66,
	
	
		,
	title={{Scratching the surface. Locating women in Tanzania's artisanal and smallscale gold mining sector. PhD Dissertation}}
		,
	author={{
			HVerbrugge
		}}
		
			,
	year={2017}
		
		
			Department of Social Sciences, Anthropology, University of Leuven
		
	

}

@book{b67,
	
	
		,
	title={{ASM-PACE: A Global Solutions Study}}
		,
	author={{
			CVillega
		} and {
			RWeinberg
		} and {
			ELevin
		} and {
			KHund
		}}
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2012}
		
		
			Estelle Levin Limited and WWF: London and Nairobi
		
	

}

@book{b68,
	
	
		,
	title={{Artisanal and small-scale mining in protected areas and critical ecosystems programme (ASM-PACE). Working Together towards Responsible Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining. A Women in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining}}
		,
	author={{
			BCVillegas
		} and {
			RWeinberg
		} and {
			ELevin
		} and {
			KHund
		}}
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2012}
			,
	address={Ghana}
		
	
	,
	note={in the Adansi North District}

}