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\title{2019 General Elections in Nigeria and the New Dimension of Youth Involvement in Osun State}
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             \author[1]{Aliyu, M.  Kolawole}

             \affil[1]{  Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria}

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\date{\small \em Received: 11 December 2018 Accepted: 1 January 2019 Published: 15 January 2019}

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\begin{abstract}
        


 The study examined the extent to which the Nigerian youths were able to participate in the 2019 general elections compared to the previous ones from 1999. It also examined the fate of the Nigerian youths with the passage of the Not Too Young to Rule (NTYTR) Act. The study also assessed the effect of the NTYTR Act on the 2019 general elections in Nigeria. The study adopted quantitative method of research with the use of a self-structured questionnaire that was administered on 200 youth respondents between the ages of 18 and 35 years in Osun State. Data were analyzed quantitatively and presented in bar charts, tables and chi square statistics. The study found that the Nigerian youths did not participate fully in previous general elections compared to 2019 after the passage of the NTYTR Act in the country. The study showed that the NTYTR Act made the outcomes of the 2019 general elections to be better than previous elections because youths are now more encouraged to take part in the electoral contest unlike what it used to be. The study concluded that NTYTR Act significant influenced the participation of youths in the 2019 general election and that more youths are likely to be more involved in future elections in the country, if the trend is sustained. 

\end{abstract}


\keywords{election, youths, not too young to rule act, new dimension, fourth republic.}

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\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
fter the return of democratic rule in May 29 th 1999, Nigeria has witnessed four different general elections into various political offices within an interval of four years. They include the 2003, 2007, 2011 and 2015 general elections respectively. The Nigerian citizens have also exercised their civic rights and duties through the formation of political parties, electoral contest and voting during the various election periods. Since the independence of Nigeria till date, the aged have virtually occupied most electoral positions including the presidency with the average age of past heads of state (president) being 50.3 years old starting from the first president Nnamdi Azikiwe; who was 59 years of age when he became the head of state in 1960 during the Nigerian first republic till the current president Mohammed Buhari who was 73 years old when he came into power in 2015 (2015 Nigerian General Election). The youngest; being Yakubu Gowon, who came into power at the age of 32 years and the oldest being current President Mohammed Buhari who came into power at the age of 73 years \hyperref[b31]{(Ugwueze, 2010)}.\par
The young ones have not been allowed enough participation in the political space of the country, hence agitations for more of their involvement in the governance of Nigeria. Various individuals, groups and institutions supported the movement. One of such groups is YIAGA Africa that started a movement called the Not Too Young to Run \hyperref[b35]{(Wikipedia, 2018)}. The group is headed by Samson It odo, a human right activist and good governance campaigner, who is also the Executive Director of YIAGA Africa. Thus, Not Too Young to Run is a campaign that sought to reduce the age limit for elective offices globally and in Nigeria. The campaign started at the National Assembly in Nigeria with the sponsor of a bill by Tony Nwulu in the House of Representatives and Abdul Aziz Nyako in the Senate \hyperref[b35]{(Wikipedia, 2018)}. The bill sought alteration in sections 65, 106, 131, 177 of the Federal Republic of Nigeria Constitution, which was to reduce the age for elective positions for House of Assembly and House of Representatives from 30 years to 25 years, Senate and Governorship from 35 years to 30 years and office of the president from 40 to 30 years and independent candidature in Nigeria \hyperref[b35]{(Wikipedia, 2018)} In April 2018, the Nigeria's senate resolved to transmit the Not Too Young to Run bill to the President of Nigeria. On May 21, 2018, 55 youth-led organizations gave President Buhari 8-day ultimatum to give his assent to the bill. On 29 May, 2018, Nigeria's President, Muhammed Buhari announced in his ' democracy day ' address to the nation that he planned to sign the bill into law. True to his promise, he signed the bill on 31st May, 2018. Prior to the signing of the NTYTR Bill by President Muhammed Buhari, the level of participation of Nigerian youths in the political administration of Nigerian has been very low and particularly disappointing due to the age restriction. But, upon the signing of the NTYTR Bill, it is important to find out the influence of the "act" on the outcome of the 2019 general elections. Also, studies on youth perceptions and participation in electoral matters in Nigeria are rarely prioritized when scrutinizing voting patterns, campaign outcomes, and electoral processes in the political administration of Nigeria. In view of the above, this study finds out the new dimension that the Not Too Young to Rule Act has on the 2019 general elections in Nigeria. 
\section[{Research Questions (i)}]{Research Questions (i)}\par
The following questions will guide this research: II. 
\section[{Methodology}]{Methodology}\par
This study was a survey research one, where a self structured questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. Young Nigerians which made up about 50.35\% of the total population of the country, according to Index Mundi (2018) constitutes the population of this study from which a sample of 200 youths (18 years of age and above) were randomly selected in Osun state, Nigeria. The breakdown are: Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (10 respondents); Osun State University, Osogbo (10 respondents); The Federal Polytechnic, Ede (10 respondents); Osun State College of Education, Ilesa (10 respondents); Osun State College of Education, Ila (10 respondents); College of Technology, Esa Oke (10 respondents); Osun State Polytechnic, Ire (10 respondents; Redeemer's University, Ede (10 respondents) and Fountain University, Osogbo (10 respondents). Others are 10 members from major political parties (All Progressive Congress and Peoples Democratic Party) who were selected purposively from major towns. The Iragbiji, Ejigbo, Esa-Oke, Ikirun, Ila and Ilesa. The study made use of a self-designed 5-scale likert questionnaire to give respondents who would not want their voice, name or images recorded the opportunity to express their views without any form of fear, bias or restrictions. The instrument was made up of four sections. Section A addressed personal data of the respondent such as Age, Sex, Religion and Educational background. Other sections involved statements that were related to the researched topic variables. The researcher personally administered the questionnaires to the respondents at the study areas. Respondents were assured of the confidentiality of all the information given. The data collected were later analyzed using the simple percentage and chi-square statistics to determine the extent of the relationship between/among the variables.\par
a) The Extent of Youth Preparation and Involvement in the 2019 General Election\par
The 2019 presidential election was closely contested between two aged personalities, the incumbent president Mohammed Buhari of the All Progressive Congress (APC) and his strongest rival from the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP); in person of former vice president Atiku Abubakar. On the part of the youth, about four young Nigerians between the ages of 35 and 40 years contested the presidential seat (VenturesArica.com). They were Mathias Tsado (40 years), Ahmed Buhari (40 years), Enyinnaya Nwosu (40 years) and 39-year old Eniola Ojajuni. The signing of the NTYTR bill by President Muhammed Buhari on the 31 st May 2018 was more or less the primary influencing factor that awoke the political consciousness of the Nigerian youths. Another notable influencing factor is the visit of one of the world's youngest and most powerful head of government of France to Nigeria. It should be recalled that in July 2018, the 40-year old French president, Emmanuel Macron visited Nigeria. Speaking on Tuesday, 3 rd July, 2018 when he visited the Afrika Shrine, Agidingbi, Ikeja, home of the late Afrobeat legend, Fela Anikulapo Kuti, during an event tagged 'Celebration of African Culture' to inaugurate the African Cultural Season 2020 \hyperref[b0]{(Adebayo, 2018)}. Another notably event worth mentioning is the European Union's position on low participation of Nigerian youths in politics. European Union (EU) on Thursday 3 rd May 2018 decried the shortage of Nigerian youths participating in partisan politics. Mr Ketil Karlsen, Ambassador and Head of the EU Delegation to Nigeria and ECOWAS, decried the poor level of youth participation when he visited the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) Continuous Voter Campus Outreach at University of Abuja. According to Karlsen, for democracy to be representative, it must represent all the demographic population of a country, and the youths are an important youth's participation in politics in many countries including Nigeria. He then urged electoral stakeholders in the country to ensure that Nigeria's politics was not necessarily about the person with biggest pockets. He advised that politics in Nigeria should be about the person with the biggest ideas coming into power \hyperref[b33]{(Urowayino, 2018)}.\par
One of the impacts of the above mentioned series of events on youth involvement in the 2019 general elections is that it made the youths to be more determined than ever to get involved in jostling for power in the country. Ahead of the 2019 elections, some youths formed political parties. For example, Alliance for New Nigeria (ANN) was formed in March, 2017 by some politically concerned Nigerians, adopting "Technoticianism" as its ideology -an ideology which they explained was aimed at replacing the old breed politicians \hyperref[b35]{(Wikipedia, 2018)}. Some youth organizations such as YIAGA Africa also suddenly demanded for the reduction in the prices of the nomination forms to enable them affordable by the youths. The youths also engaged the social media platforms (facebook, whatsApp instagram and twitter) to sensitize colleagues on the latest happenings in the political realm. Many youth organizations conducted door to door sensitizations to encourage one another to collect their Permanent Voters Card (PVC) ahead of the 2019 general elections.\par
In addition, youths also engaged aspirants/candidates in robust debates which also revealed that it was not business as usual. Some young Nigerians such as Senator Ben Bruce, Pastor Poju Oyemade, Fela Durotoye and so on also gave their support. For youth to also advance their cause, a movie titled "power of one" was launched on Saturday 20 th October, 2018 at the Eko Convention Centre, Victoria Island, Lagos. According to the director, Izu Ojukwu, "Power of one" is a movie which is a phenomenal work of art aimed at entrenching in the hearts of Nigerians, the acceptance of the power of an individual and making a significant difference in the society. According to the producers, one of the foremost purposes of the movie is to reawaken civic responsibility in young Nigerians. The movie had an impressive stars on ground which included Ramsey Nouah, Annie Idibia, Jide kosoko, Alexx Ekubo while the likes of legendary music icon 2Baba, popular actor Falz, comedian Kenny Blaq, singer Timi Dakolo and other actors in entertainment industry gathered for a press conference put together by Buckwyld Media Network to provide valuable insight about the movie \hyperref[b20]{(Onikoyi, 2018)} b) Hindrances and Challenges against the Participation and Involvement of the Youths The involvement of youths in the political contests of the country during the 2019 general elections faced myriad of obstacles. According to Yiaga.org (2019), the NTYTR movement engaged political parties and made the following three demands to strengthen their involvement with enormous funds: Aside of the challenge of funds that most youths faced, the demands of the NTYTR movement were not followed by most political parties. According to \hyperref[b34]{Vanguard (2018)}, at the last nationwide vote in 2015, the Peoples Democratic Party (P.D.P) of the then-president Good luck Jonathan charged 22 million naira per nomination form, the All Progressive Congress (APC) where President Muhammed Buhari contested levied 27.5 million naira  {\ref (Vanguard,2018)}. But following persistent youth pressure, the PDP reduced the cost of its presidential nomination to 12million naira and the governorship from 11million naira to 6million naira. Yet, the sums were on the high side in a country where about 87million of its 180million are still in extreme poverty (World Poverty Clock, 2018).\par
Another challenge that posed a serious threat to youth involvement in the 2019 general elections is youth nonchalant attitude. In a recent interactive session with Dr. Jay Osi Samuels, the national coordinator of Alliance for New Nigeria, ANN, the nation has been held back by years of recycled leadership to the extent that one could even predict who the regular front runners would be during every election. According to him, the percentage of those who actively involved in politics, both as contestants and voters are less than 35\% of the total population of Nigerians who are above the age of 18 years. The remaining 65\% are made up of young professionals, both male and female, who hardly get involved in the political process as contestants (This Day, 2017). Samuels lamented that for long, the nation has left its political destiny in the hands of few career politicians who only think of the next election and nothing more.\par
Another hindrance was the socio-economic factors such as poverty and unemployment. In Nigeria, the federal government in 2008 acknowledged that about 80\% of Nigeria's youth are unemployed and 10\% underemployed  {\ref (Daily Trust, 2008)}. In 2011, the Minister of Youth Development, Bolaji Abdullahi reported that 42.2 per cent of Nigeria's youth population is out of job. Depo Oyedokun, the Chairman of the House Committee on Youth and Social Development revealed that of the over 40 million unemployed youths in the country, 23 million are unemployable. These statistics are grim for a nation whose children and youths of age 0 -35 constitute about 77per cent or 105 million of its over 180 million population. Various studies in the past revealed that youths form bulk of the perpetrators of election related violence in Nigeria and around the world. This is in congruence with the view of Akinboye (1987),  {\ref McAllister (2004)}, Nweke (2005), Bazza (2008), that youths have been repeatedly used as instruments of violence. Answers to why youths are ever available and vulnerable instruments in the hands of unscrupulous politicians to perpetrate electoral violence have also been advanced to the unskilled, uneducated or illeducated, or unemployment of youths parents or their poor socio-economic status. This view tallies with Nweke"s (2005) postulations who posited that factors responsible for youth's poor involvement or use for electoral violence include economically poor homesteads; poor education or being school dropouts, high rate of unemployment and underemployment and psycho-cultural dispositions by political elites. This largely explains why some politicians explore the weakness of youths to involve them in destructive antisocial behaviours.  \hyperref[tab_1]{1} above examined the respondents view on the level of youth participation in previous elections since 1999 up till 2015 before the passage of Not Too Young to Rule Act. The results revealed that only few of the respondents (26.4\%) agreed that youth have satisfactorily contested in elections since 1999 while majority of (69.2\%) disagreed. Also, 66.5\% of the respondents disagreed that Nigerian electoral system gives the youths the opportunity to take part in governance. About 80\% of the respondents disagreed that youths have been the front-runners in Nigeria politics while 78\% of the respondents believed that youths are not beneficial of Nigeria's democracy. Also 79.3\% of the respondents disagreed that most political parties in Nigeria are youth oriented while 80\% of the respondents disagreed that Nigeria have more young leaders in government since 1999. With the use of six statements with 5-likert options, the following represent the findings from respondents on the questionnaires administered on them. 
\section[{III.}]{III.} 
\section[{Presentation of Results and Discussion}]{Presentation of Results and Discussion}\par
Table \hyperref[tab_2]{2} showed that 57.3\% of the respondents agreed that more youths were given the opportunity to contest 2019 general elections with the new Act passed while 36.7\% disagreed. Also, only 34\% of the respondents agreed that most political parties in Nigeria now sell their nomination forms at affordable prices to enable more youth's participation, while 59\% of the respondents disagreed. Moreover, 53.8\% of the respondents agreed that the new Act has given the youth equal chances with the older politicians while 41.7\% disagreed. 55.3\% of the respondents also agreed that the new Act has closed the gap between the youths and the older politicians in Nigeria while 39.7\% disagreed. About 72\% of the respondents agreed that the new Act has awakened the political consciousness of most Nigerian youths while 24.7\% say otherwise. Also, about 44\% of the respondents agreed that the 2019 general election will mark the beginning of youth engagement in Nigeria's partisan politics. This section presents the respondents' opinions on the effect of the Not Too Young To Run Act on future elections in Nigeria.\par
The results in Table \hyperref[tab_3]{3} shows that majority of the respondents agreed that more youths will contest future elections (52.3\%) after 2019, good governance would emerge as outcome of more youth involvement (47.5\%); and that as a youth, and they can no longer sell their votes again (78.6\%). On the other hand, most respondents disagreed that more young ladies would contest alongside their male counterparts (50.5\%), vote rigging would be almost difficult in 2019 elections (53.0\%); or that electoral violence would not be witnessed in the forthcoming elections (43.9\%). 
\section[{Test of Hypotheses}]{Test of Hypotheses}\par
This section presents the results of the tested three hypotheses using chi-square test of association at 0.05 level of significance. The result is shown in the following tables. 
\section[{Hypothesis One}]{Hypothesis One}\par
The first hypothesis stated that 'The Nigerian youths have partaken excellently in previous elections from 1999 till date without the NTYTR Act' The result showed that there was no significant association between the respondents' opinion on whether more youths have taken part in the previous elections as contestants and whether the youths have satisfactorily contested in previous elections since 1999 in Nigeria (? 2 = 20.39; df = 16; p > 0.05). Based on the above, the hypothesis is rejected and the null hypothesis that Nigerian youths have not partaken excellently in previous elections from 1999 till 2015 without the NTYTR Act is accepted. 
\section[{Hypothesis Two}]{Hypothesis Two}\par
The second hypothesis stated that 'The Nigerian youths have better opportunities to contest positions in the 2019 General Elections with the passage of the NTYTR Act' The results showed that there was a significant association between respondents' opinions on whether the NTYTR Act will give more youths the opportunity to contest the 2019 general elections and whether the youths have satisfactorily contested in previous elections since 1999 in Nigeria (? 2 = 34.12; df = 16; p < 0.05). Based on the above, the hypothesis is accepted that the Nigerian youths had better opportunities to contest positions in the 2019 elections with the passage of the NTYTR Act. 
\section[{Hypothesis Three}]{Hypothesis Three}\par
The third hypothesis stated that 'NTYTR Act allows more participation of Nigerian youths in future general elections' The results showed that there was no significant association between respondents' opinions on whether the NTYTR Act would give more youths the opportunity to contest in future elections and whether The NTYTR Act has awoken the political consciousness of most Nigerian youths (? 2 = 20.169; df = 16; p > 0.05). Based on the above, the hypothesis is accepted that NTYTR Act will enhance more participation of Nigerian youths in future elections. 
\section[{IV.}]{IV.} 
\section[{Discussion}]{Discussion}\par
Based on the first objective, it was observed that the Nigerian youths have not participated well in previous elections since 1999 up to 2015. They have not allowed also exercised their civic rights to contest political positions other than voting. Instead, they were used as political thugs and agents for rigging and causing violence during election periods in the country.\par
Reasons for this low level of participation by the Nigerian youths in previous elections include: the corrupt nature of the Nigerian electoral system, the win-at-all cost mentality of most Nigerian politicians, the lack of orientation and political awareness on the path of the youths as well as unfavorable economic conditions prevalent in the country like unemployment, poverty and hunger that pushed the youths to do whatever they were asked to do just to earn enough money to cater for their immediate needs. The youths cannot be blamed for their previous failure because of numerous challenges earlier discussed in this paper. This finding is supported by Omoede and Ojibara (2017) who found that youths in Kwara State were used as an instrument of electoral violence by the political elites because of unemployment and inadequate political education, among other factors.\par
Findings on objectives two showed that the passage of the NTYTR Act has allowed more youth participation in the 2019 general elections. It also revealed that the political consciousness and awareness of the Nigerian youths have increased. The youths are now setting up talk-shows, robust debates and seminars to educate and scrutinize aspirants/candidates on what they have to offer if voted into power. The youths also used the social media to attack or commend aspirants' actions or inactions during the 2019 general elections campaign period via face book and twitter platforms, all of which were due to the passage of the NTYTR Act. Thus, more young people such as Fela Durotoye of Alliance for New Nigeria (ANN) and Omoyele Sowore of African Action Congress (AAC) contested for the Presidency and popular musician Banky W contested for the Federal House of Representatives, Eti-Osa in Lagos state, among many others across Nigeria. Most incumbent politicians are on their toes and all pointing to the fact that the youths are no longer prepared to continue to sit on the back seat.\par
Lastly, findings from the respondents based on the third objective showed the Not Too Young to Run Act will encourage more youth participation in future elections. It is evident that youths are now prepared to take part in the political administration of the country. This is because, most political parties have reviewed their ideologies in favour of the youths with more dialogues, debates, seminars to sensitize them. The effect this will have on future elections is that more youths are now encouraged with minimal or no electoral violence. Election rigging and vote buying will also be reduced since the youths are not likely to sell their votes again. The implication of all this is that after the 2019 general elections, the governance of Nigeria will witness a new era, an era where more youths will become more refined (\par
). The results on hypothesis one showed that there was no significant association between the respondents' opinion on whether more youths will take part in the 2019 general elections as contestants and whether youth have satisfactorily contested in elections since 1999 in Nigeria (? 2 = 20.39; df = 16; p > 0.05). Based on the above, the hypothesis is rejected and the null hypothesis that Nigerian youths have not partaken excellently in previous elections from 1999 till date without the NTYTR Act is accepted. Also, the results on hypothesis two showed that there was a significant association between respondents' opinions on whether the NTYTR Act has given more youths the opportunity to contest the 2019 elections and whether the youths have satisfactorily contested in previous elections since 1999 in Nigeria (? 2 = 34.12; df = 16; p < 0.05). Based on the above, the hypothesis is accepted that the Nigerian youths have better opportunities to contest positions in the 2019 general elections with the passage of the NTYTR Act. While the result on hypothesis three showed that there was no significant association between respondents' opinions on whether the NTYTR Act have effect on future elections (? 2 = 20.169; df = 16; p > 0.05). Based on the above, the hypothesis is accepted that NTYTR Act will enhance more participation of Nigerian youths in future elections.\par
In summary, the results of the data showed that most youth in Nigeria, according to the respondents, have not satisfactorily participated in previous elections in Nigeria. However, the NTYTR Act provided better opportunity for the youth during the 2019 general elections and significantly marked the beginning of such involvement. The Act will see more youths participating in future Nigeria's electoral process. This finding is however contrary to the position of Fidelis (2018) who noted that the trend will not last for long.\par
V. 
\section[{Conclusion}]{Conclusion}\par
It is apt to say that the time for the youth is now. Everything is pointing towards the direction of the youths, more or less; for the first time in the political history of Nigeria. The youths are determined more than ever to get involved and eventually take over the governance of the country. The NTYTR Act increased level of participation and political awareness in the country with political consciousness and civic responsibility on the increase and more inactive political parties presenting candidates for election to meet the ambitions of the youths as well as serving as a bridge in actualizing their dreams.  
\section[{Recommendations}]{Recommendations}\par
Based on the researcher's findings, the following recommendations are hereby offered:\par
Equipping the Nigerian youths through education or enlightenment is needful. Nigerian youths have a role to play in the nation's political process. Equipping the youths by educating them is predicated on the explicit relationship between knowledge and development and in the conviction that it is the key element in the development of a nation and its people. It is also necessary that youth advocators and change agents should concentrate on young graduates to enhance their political participation.\par
Also, the youths should be given the opportunity to be committed to the future of the country through constructive engagement as opposed to the win at all cost mentality that is prevalent in the electioneering process. Civil societies and Electoral umpire (INEC) should organize more workshops and seminars to engage the youths in meaningful dialogue, especially where the ethnic divide is deep.\par
In addition, the youths should learn and acquire the necessary skills for campaign management, fund raising and recruitment. There should be focused effort on assisting young party members to develop and implement coordinated strategies on important issues facing their communities. As the nation continues to grow, the need for diverse participation in the electoral process by young folds becomes compelling. Voter's registration and participation should not merely be encouraged but stressed as a necessity for all citizens especially the youth. They should also engage in exchange of knowledge and expertise that would strengthen their participation in building democratic processes.\par
Volume XIX Issue II Version I 46 ( F ) \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.4551612903225807\textwidth}P{0.07129032258064516\textwidth}P{0.04387096774193548\textwidth}P{0.032903225806451615\textwidth}P{0.027419354838709675\textwidth}P{0.04387096774193548\textwidth}P{0.046612903225806454\textwidth}P{0.02467741935483871\textwidth}P{0.02193548387096774\textwidth}P{0.060322580645161286\textwidth}P{0.02193548387096774\textwidth}}
Statements\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Strongly Disagree}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Disagree}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Undecided}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Agree}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Strongly Agee}\\
\tabcellsep Freq.\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{\% Freq.}\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep Freq.\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{\% Freq. \%}\tabcellsep Freq.\tabcellsep \%\\
Youths have satisfactorily contested elections since 1999 in Nigeria\tabcellsep 63\tabcellsep 31.3\tabcellsep 76\tabcellsep 37.8\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 4.5\tabcellsep 34\tabcellsep 16.9\tabcellsep 19\tabcellsep 9.5\\
The Nigerian electoral system long ago\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
gave opportunity to the youths to contest\tabcellsep 64\tabcellsep 32.0\tabcellsep 69\tabcellsep 34.5\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 1.0\tabcellsep 48\tabcellsep 24.0\tabcellsep 17\tabcellsep 8.5\\
elections\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}Table 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.5437361419068736\textwidth}P{0.27045454545454545\textwidth}P{0.02261640798226164\textwidth}P{0.01319290465631929\textwidth}}
Statements\tabcellsep Strongly Disagree\tabcellsep DisagreedUndecided Agree\tabcellsep Strongly Agree\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Freq. \% Freq. \% Freq. \% Freq. \% Freq. \%}\\
The NTYTR Act has given more youths the opportunity to contest 2019 election\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{33 16.6 40 20.1 12 6.0 80 40.2 34 17.1}\\
Most political parties now sell their nomination forms at affordable prices to enable youth more participation\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{68 34.0 50 25.0 14 7.0 51 25.5 17 8.5}\\
The NTYTR Act has given the youths equal chances with the older politicians in the forthcoming election\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{42 21.1 41 20.6 9 4.5 81 40.7 26 13.1}\\
The NTYTR Act has closed the gap between the youths and the older politicians in Nigeria's electoral process\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{47 23.6 32 16.1 10 5.0 78 39.2 32 16.1}\\
The NTYTR Act has awakened the political consciousness of most Nigerian youths\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{25 12.6 24 12.1 6 3.0 95 47.7 49 24.6}\\
The 2019 election will mark the beginning of youth engagement in Nigeria's partisan politics\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{42 21.1 34 17.1 35 17.6 55 27.6 33 16.6}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_3}Table 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.11817073170731708\textwidth}P{0.1098780487804878\textwidth}P{0.19695121951219513\textwidth}P{0.039390243902439025\textwidth}P{0.043536585365853656\textwidth}P{0.08292682926829269\textwidth}P{0.039390243902439025\textwidth}P{0.039390243902439025\textwidth}P{0.033170731707317075\textwidth}P{0.051829268292682924\textwidth}P{0.051829268292682924\textwidth}P{0.043536585365853656\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{10}{l}{Youths have partaken excellently in previous elections from 1999}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{up to 2015 in Nigeria}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Strongly Disagree}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Disagree}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Undecided}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Agree}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Strongly Agree}\\
More youths will\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Fre q.\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep Freq\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep Fre q\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep Freq.\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep Fre q.\tabcellsep \%\\
take part in 2019\tabcellsep strongly disagree\tabcellsep 18\tabcellsep 29\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 14. 9\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 22.2\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 15. 2\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 11.8\\
elections as contestants\tabcellsep Disagree\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 19.4\tabcellsep 23\tabcellsep 31. 1\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 11.1\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 18. 2\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 17.6\\
\tabcellsep Undecided\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 4.8\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 4.1\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 11.1\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 6.1\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 5.9\\
\tabcellsep Agree\tabcellsep 21\tabcellsep 33.9\tabcellsep 20\tabcellsep 27\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 55.6\tabcellsep 16\tabcellsep 48. 5\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 29.4\\
\tabcellsep strongly agree\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 12.9\tabcellsep 17\tabcellsep 23\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 12. 1\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 35.3\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_4}Table 4 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{5} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.14005681818181817\textwidth}P{0.09176136363636364\textwidth}P{0.2527462121212121\textwidth}P{0.11429924242424241\textwidth}P{0.08532196969696969\textwidth}P{0.07727272727272727\textwidth}P{0.08854166666666667\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Passage of the NTYTR Act}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Youths have satisfactorily contested the 2019 General Elections with the}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{passage of NTYTR Act}\tabcellsep \\
The NTYTR Act has given more youths the opportunity to contest in the upcoming election\tabcellsep strongly disagree Disagree undecided Agree strongly agree\tabcellsep Strongly Disagree Freq. \% 16 25.8 6 9.7 5 8.1 27 43.5 8 12.9\tabcellsep Disagree Freq. \% 7 9.3 26 34.7 4 5.3 27 36 11 14.7\tabcellsep Undecided Freq. \% 2 22.2 2 22.2 2 22.2 2 22.2 1 11.1\tabcellsep Agree Freq. 5 14.7 \% 3 8.8 1 2.9 18 52.9 7 20.6\tabcellsep Strongly Agree Freq. \% 3 15.8 3 15.8 0 0 6 31.6 7 36.8\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_5}Table 5 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{6} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.1732336956521739\textwidth}P{0.12703804347826086\textwidth}P{0.07391304347826086\textwidth}P{0.05543478260869565\textwidth}P{0.053125\textwidth}P{0.053125\textwidth}P{0.050815217391304346\textwidth}P{0.0577445652173913\textwidth}P{0.04388586956521739\textwidth}P{0.050815217391304346\textwidth}P{0.06236413043478261\textwidth}P{0.04850543478260869\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{strongly disagree}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{disagree}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{undecided}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Agree}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{strongly agree}\\
The NTYTR Act has awaken the political consciousness\tabcellsep strongly disagree disagree\tabcellsep Freq. 9 9\tabcellsep \% 14.8 14.8\tabcellsep Freq. 7 8\tabcellsep \% 9.2 10.5\tabcellsep Freq. 1 2\tabcellsep \% 11.1 22.2\tabcellsep Freq. 5 4\tabcellsep \% 14.7 11.8\tabcellsep Freq. 3 1\tabcellsep \% 15.8 5.3\\
of most Nigerian youths\tabcellsep undecided Agree\tabcellsep 2 24\tabcellsep 3.3 39.3\tabcellsep 2 43\tabcellsep 2.6 56.6\tabcellsep 2 3\tabcellsep 22.2 33.3\tabcellsep 0 16\tabcellsep 0 47.1\tabcellsep 0 9\tabcellsep 0 47.4\\
\tabcellsep strongly agree\tabcellsep 17\tabcellsep 27.9\tabcellsep 16\tabcellsep 21.1\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 11.1\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 26.5\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 31.6\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_6}Table 6 :}\end{figure}
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\end{document}
