@incollection{, 22890A93CC0BFFA66C84973FDD36C7F3 , author={{MarwaAnis} and {HadiaFakhreldin} and {XiahuiLui} and {The British University in Egypt}}, journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}}, journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS, address={Cambridge, United States}, publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1762956 } @book{b0, , title={{The Success Seal to Good Corporate Governance in Egypt}} , author={{ AbdelHamid } and { D }} , year={Feb 2010} 15 } @incollection{b1, , title={{Measuring accounting disclosure in a period of complex changes: The case of egypt}} , author={{ AbdelSalam } and { OHWeetman } and { P }} , journal={{Advances in International Accounting}} 20 , year={2007} } @incollection{b2, , title={{Contract-Financed Technical Co-operation and Local Ownership}} , author={{ MahaAbdelrahman } and { RaymondUnd Apthorpe }} , journal={{Egypt Country Study Report}} , year={2003. 2005} , note={abgerufen am 06.05.} } @incollection{b3, , title={{?Measuring accounting disclosure in a period of complex changes: The case of Egypt}} , author={{ OHAbdelsalam } and { PWeetman }} 10.1016/S0897-3660(07)20004-2 , journal={{Advances in International Accounting}} 20 , year={2007} } @incollection{b4, , title={{?Board Composition, Ownership Structure and Dividend Policies in an Emerging Market Further Evidence from CASE 50}} , author={{ OAbdelsalam } and { AEl-Masry } and { SElsegini }} , journal={{Managerial Finance}} 12 , year={2008} } @incollection{b5, , title={{?The impact of the Malaysian code on corporate governance: Compliance, institutional investors and stock performance}} , author={{ AbdulWahab } and { EAHow } and { JVerhoeven } and { P }} , journal={{Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics}} 3 2 , year={2007} } @incollection{b6, , title={{?An investigation of the association between ownership structure and corporate performance: Empirical evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)}} , author={{ MAlipour }} , journal={{Management Research Review}} 36 11 , year={2013} } @incollection{b7, , title={{?How do family ownership, control and management affect firm value?}} , author={{ RAmit } and { BVillalonga }} , journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}} 80 16 , year={2006} , note={Journal of Financial Economics} } @incollection{b8, , title={{?Founding-family ownership and firm performance: evidence from the S and P 500}} , author={{ RCAnderson } and { DMReeb }} , journal={{Journal of Finance}} 58 , year={2003} } @incollection{b9, , title={{Founding-family ownership and firm performance: evidence from the S&P 500}} , author={{ RCAnderson } and { DMReeb }} , journal={{Journal of Finance}} 58 , year={2003} } @incollection{b10, , title={{?The effect of government ownership and subsidy on performance: Evidence from the bus transit industry}} , author={{ SCAnderson }} 10.1016/0191-2607(83)90041-9 , journal={{Transportation Research Part A: General}} 17 3 , year={1983} } @book{b11, , title={{Information, corporate governance, and institutional diversity: Competitiveness in Japan, the USA, and the transnational economies}} , author={{ MAoki }} , year={2000} , publisher={Oxford University Press} , address={Oxford} } @incollection{b12, , title={{2003) ?Shareholder primacy and the trajectory of Year 2017 UK corporate governance}} , author={{ JArmour } and { SDeakin } and { SJKonzelmann }} , journal={{British Journal of Industrial Relations}} 41 3 } @incollection{b13, , title={{2012) ?The efficiency of and privatized firms: Does ownership make a difference?}} , author={{ PArocena } and { DOliveros }} 10.1016/j.ijpe.2012.06.029 , journal={{International Journal of Production Economics}} 140 1 } @incollection{b14, , title={{a) ?Outsiders on the board of directors and firm performance: Evidence from Spanish non-listed family firms}} , author={{ BArosa } and { TIturralde } and { AMaseda }} 10.1016/j.jfbs.2010.10.004 , journal={{Journal of Family Business Strategy}} 1 4 , year={2010} } @incollection{b15, , title={{?Ownership structure and firm performance in nonlisted firms: Evidence from Spain}} , author={{ BArosa } and { TIturralde } and { AMaseda }} 10.1016/j.jfbs.2010.03.001 , journal={{Journal of Family Business Strategy}} 1 2 , year={2010} } @incollection{b16, , title={{?Family Businesses' Contribution to the U.S. Economy: A Closer Look}} , author={{ JHAstrachan } and { MCShanker }} , journal={{Family Business Review}} 16 3 , year={2003} } @incollection{b17, , title={{2013) ?Employee engagement in family and non-family firms}} , author={{ AAzoury } and { LDaou } and { FSleiaty }} 10.1016/j.ism.2013.08.002 , journal={{International Strategic Management Review}} 1 1-2 } @incollection{b18, , title={{) ?Public, private and mixed ownership and the performance of international airlines}} , author={{ MBackx } and { MCarney } and { EGedajlovic }} , journal={{Journal of Air Transport Management}} 8 4 , year={2002} } @incollection{b19, , title={{2013) ?Competition, ownership and productivity. A panel analysis of Czech firms}} , author={{ DBaghdasaryan } and { LCour }} 10.1016/j.jeconbus.2013.06.002 , journal={{Journal of Economics and Business}} 69 0 } @incollection{b20, , title={{The Effect of Family Control on Firm Value and Performance. Evidence from Continental Europe}} , author={{ RBarontini } and { LCaprio }} , journal={{ECGI Finance Working Paper}} 88 , year={2005. 2005} } @incollection{b21, , title={{The Effect of Family Control on Firm Value and Performance. Evidence from Continental Europe}} , author={{ RBarontini } and { LCaprio }} , journal={{ECGI Finance Working Paper}} 88 , year={2005. 2005} } @incollection{b22, , title={{}} , author={{ TABarry } and { LLepetit } and { ATarazi }} 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2010.10.004 , journal={{Journal of Banking and Finance}} 35 5 , year={2011} } @incollection{b23, , title={{?Family ownership and productivity: The role of owner-management}} , author={{ EBarth } and { TGulbrandsen } and { PSchønea }} 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2004.02.001 , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 11 1-2 , year={2005} } @incollection{b24, , title={{2008) ?Bank shareholding and lending: Complementarity or substitution? some evidence from a panel of large Italian firms}} , author={{ SBartholomeusz } and { GATanewski } and { EBarucci } and { FMattesini }} 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2007.12.045 , journal={{Journal of Small Business Management}} 44 2 , year={2006} , note={Journal of Banking and Finance} } @incollection{b25, , title={{The performance of newly privatized firms in selected MENA countries: The role of ownership structure, governance and liberalization policies}} , author={{ SBen Naceur } and { SGhazouani } and { MOmran }} , journal={{International Review of Financial Analysis}} 16 4 , year={2007} } @incollection{b26, , title={{?The performance of newly privatized firms in selected MENA countries: The role of ownership structure, governance and liberalization policies}} , author={{ SBen Naceur } and { SGhazouani } and { MOmran }} 10.1016/j.irfa.2006.09.006 , journal={{International Review of Financial Analysis}} 16 4 , year={2007} } @book{b27, , title={{The Modern Corporation and Private Property}} , author={{ ABerle } and { GMeans }} , year={1933} , publisher={Macmillan} , address={New York} } @incollection{b28, , title={{?Does stakeholder orientation matter? The relationship between stakeholder management models and firm financial performance}} , author={{ SLBerman } and { ACWicks }} , journal={{Academy of Management Journal}} 42 5 , year={1999} } @incollection{b29, , title={{?The role of family in family firms}} , author={{ MBertrand } and { ASchoar }} , journal={{Journal of Economic Perspectives}} 20 , year={2006} } @incollection{b30, , title={{?Insider ownership and firm value in New Zealand}} , author={{ GSBhabra }} 10.1016/j.mulfin.2006.08.001 , journal={{Journal of Multinational Financial Management}} 17 2 , year={2007} } @incollection{b31, , title={{2011) ?Ownership versus management effects on performance in family and founder companies: A Bayesian reconciliation}} , author={{ JHBlock } and { PJaskiewicz } and { DMiller }} 10.1016/j.jfbs.2011.10.001 , journal={{Journal of Family Business Strategy}} 2 4 } @book{b32, , author={{ KABollen } and { JEBrand }} , title={{) ?Fixed and Random Effects in Panel Data Using Structural Equations Models}} , year={2008} } @incollection{b33, , title={{}} , author={{ GBorisova } and { PBrockman } and { JMSalas } and { AZagorchev }} 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.01.008 , journal={{Journal of Banking and Finance}} 36 11 , year={2012} } @book{b34, , title={{Governance thresholds, managerial ownership and corporate performance: Evidence from the UK. The York Management School}} , author={{ SBos } and { APendleton } and { SToms }} , year={2011} , note={Working Paper} } @incollection{b35, , title={{?Ownership structure, corporate governance and analyst following: A study of French listed firms}} , author={{ SBoubaker } and { FLabégorre }} doi:10.1016/j. jbankfin.2007.07.010 , journal={{Journal of Banking and Finance}} 32 6 , year={2008} } @incollection{b36, , title={{?Board structure and firm technical efficiency: Evidence from Canadian state-owned enterprises}} , author={{ RBozec } and { Dia } and { M }} 10.1016/j.ejor.2005.10.001 , journal={{European Journal of Operational Research}} 177 3 , year={2007} } @incollection{b37, , title={{?Post-privatisation ownership concentration: Determinants and influence on firm efficiency}} , author={{ LCabeza-García } and { SGómez-Ansón }} 10.1016/j.jce.2011.02.002 , journal={{Journal of Comparative Economics}} 39 3 , year={2011} } @incollection{b38, , title={{2013) ?The influence of ownership structure and board strategic involvement on international sales: The moderating effect of family involvement}} , author={{ ACalabrò } and { MTorchia } and { TPukall } and { DMussolino }} , journal={{International Business Review}} 22 3 } @incollection{b39, , title={{?Employee stock ownership and job attitudes: Does culture matter?}} , author={{ MCaramelli } and { ABriole }} 10.1016/j.hrmr.2007.07.002 , journal={{Human Resource Management Review}} 17 3 , year={2007} } @incollection{b40, , title={{?Family ownership and performance in Korean conglomerates}} , author={{ JJChang } and { HShin }} , journal={{Pacific-Basin Finance Journal}} 15 4 , year={2007} } @incollection{b41, , title={{?Impact of family involvement in ownership management and direction on financial performance of the Lebanese firms}} , author={{ SCharbel } and { BElie } and { Georges } and { S }} , journal={{International Strategic Management Review}} 1 1-2 , year={2013} } @incollection{b42, , author={{ ACharitou } and { CLouca } and { NVafeas }} , booktitle={{?Boards, ownership structure, and involuntary delisting from the}} New York Stock Exchange , year={2007} 26 } @incollection{b43, , title={{?The impact of board composition and family ownership on audit committee formation: Evidence from Hong Kong}} , author={{ GChau } and { PLeung }} 10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2006.01.001 , journal={{Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation}} 15 1 , year={2006} } @incollection{b44, , title={{?Managerial ownership and firm valuation: Evidence from Japanese firms}} , author={{ CRChen } and { WGuo } and { VMande }} 10.1016/S0927-538X(03 , journal={{Pacific-Basin Finance Journal}} 11 3 , year={2003} } @incollection{b45, , title={{?Managerial ownership, diversification, and firm performance: Evidence from an emerging market}} , author={{ CChen } and { Yu } and { CJ }} 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.06.002 , journal={{International Business Review}} 21 3 , year={2012} } @incollection{b46, , title={{Ownership structure, corporate governance, and fraud: Evidence from china}} , author={{ GChen } and { MFirth } and { DNGao } and { OMRui }} , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 12 3 , year={2006} } @incollection{b47, , title={{?Ownership structure, corporate governance, and fraud: Evidence from China}} , author={{ GChen } and { MFirth } and { DNGao } and { OMRui }} doi:10.1016/ j.jcorpfin.2005.09.002 , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 12 3 , year={2006} } @incollection{b48, , title={{Adjustments in managerial ownership and changes in firm value}} , journal={{International Review of Economics and Finance}} 25 0 , year={2013} } @incollection{b49, , title={{) ?Compensation, Corporate Governance and Owner Shareholding: Theory and Evidence from Family Ownership}} , author={{ MChen } and { KLee }} , journal={{International Research Journal of Finance and Economics}} 22 , year={2008} } @incollection{b50, , title={{?The impact of insider managerial ownership on corporate performance of Taiwanese tourist hotels}} , author={{ MChen } and { CHou } and { SLee }} 10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.05.005 , journal={{International Journal of Hospitality Management}} 31 2 , year={2012} } @incollection{b51, , title={{?Managerial ownership and firm performance: an analysis using switching simultaneous-equation models}} , author={{ M.-YChen }} , journal={{Applied Economics}} 38 , year={2006} } @book{b52, , title={{Managerial ownership and firm performance: an analysis using switching}} , author={{ M.-YChen }} , year={2006} } @incollection{b53, , title={{?Managerial ownership and performance: A commentary essay}} , author={{ AWCheung }} , journal={{Journal of Business Research}} 63 3 , year={2010} } @incollection{b54, , title={{?Insider ownership and corporate performance: Evidence from the adjustment cost approach}} , author={{ WK ACheung } and { KC JWei }} 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2006.02.002 , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 12 5 , year={2006} } @incollection{b55, , title={{2011) ?Ownership and firm innovation in a transition economy: Evidence from China}} , author={{ SBChoi } and { SHLee } and { CWilliams }} 10.1016/j.respol.2011.01.004 , journal={{Research Policy}} 40 3 } @incollection{b56, , title={{?Ownership, Governance, and Management Issues in Small and Medium-Size Family Businesses: A Comparison of Italy and the United States}} , author={{ GCorbetta } and { DMontemerlo }} , journal={{Family Business Review}} 12 4 , year={1999} } @incollection{b57, , title={{?The impact of state ownership on performance differences in privately-owned versus state-owned banks: An international comparison}} , author={{ MMCornett } and { LGuo } and { SKhaksari } and { HTehranian }} , journal={{Journal of Financial Intermediation}} 19 1 , year={2010} } @incollection{b58, , title={{Management characteristics, managerial ownership and innovative efficiency in high-technology industry}} , author={{ ACosh } and { XFu } and { AHughes }} , journal={{SLPTMD Working Paper Series}} 007 , year={2007} } @incollection{b59, , title={{?Ownership structure and corporate performance: Australian evidence}} , author={{ ATCraswell } and { SLTaylor } and { RASaywell }} 10.1016/S0927-538X(96)00028-5 , journal={{Pacific-Basin Finance Journal}} 5 3 , year={1997} } @incollection{b60, , title={{?The choice between rights offerings and private equity placements}} , author={{ HCronqvist } and { MNilsson }} , journal={{Journal of Financial Economics}} 78 , year={2005} } @incollection{b61, , title={{The relationship between managerial ownership and firm performance in high RandD firms}} , author={{ HCui } and { YTMak }} S0929-1199(01)00047-5 , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 8 4 , year={2002} } @incollection{b62, , title={{?Ownership structure, managerial behaviour and corporate value}} , author={{ JRDavies } and { DHillier } and { PMccolgan }} 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2004.07.001 , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 11 4 , year={2005} } @incollection{b63, , title={{?Ownership structure and the diversification and performance of publicly-listed companies in China}} , author={{ ADelios } and { NZhou } and { WWXu }} doi:10.1016/j. bushor.2008.06.004 , journal={{Business Horizons}} 51 6 , year={2008} } @incollection{b64, , author={{ Demsetz } and { BVillalonga }} , booktitle={{?Ownership Structure and Corporate Performance}} , year={2001} 7 } @incollection{b65, , author={{ Demsetz } and { BVillalonga }} , booktitle={{?Ownership Structure and Corporate Performance}} , year={2001} 7 } @incollection{b66, , title={{?The Structure of Corporate Ownership: Causes and Consequences}} , author={{ HDemsetz } and { KLehn }} , journal={{Journal of Political Economy}} 93 61 , year={1985} } @incollection{b67, , title={{?Ownership and board structures in publicly traded corporations}} , author={{ DJDenis } and { ASarin }} 10.1016/S0304-405X(99)00008-2 , journal={{Journal of Financial Economics}} 52 2 , year={1999} } @incollection{b68, , title={{2012) ?Do Board Ownership and Characteristics affect Firm Performance? Evidence from Egypt}} , author={{ ADesoky } and { GMousa }} , journal={{Global Advanced Research Journal of Economics, Accounting and Finance (GARJEAF)}} 1 2 } @incollection{b69, , title={{?Employee stock ownership and corporate control: An empirical study}} , author={{ USDhillon } and { GGRamirez }} , journal={{Journal of banking and finance}} 18 1 , year={1994} } @incollection{b70, , author={{ RDonckels } and { EFröhlich }} , booktitle={{?Are Family Businesses Really Different? European Experiences from Stratos}} , year={1991} 4 } @incollection{b71, , title={{2010) ?Corporate performance, managerial ownership and endogeneity: A simultaneous equations analysis for the Athens stock exchange}} , author={{ AADrakos } and { FVBekiris }} , journal={{Research in International Business and Finance}} 24 1 } @incollection{b72, , author={{ GDurso }} , booktitle={{?Employee Stock Ownership Plans: Popularity, Productivity, and Prospects}} , year={1991} 14 } @incollection{b73, , title={{2010) ?Distribution of institutional ownership and corporate firm performance}} , author={{ EElyasiani } and { JJia }} , journal={{Journal of Banking and Finance}} 34 3 } @incollection{b74, , title={{Creditor rights, enforcement, and debt ownership structure: Evidence from the global syndicated loan market}} , author={{ BCEsty } and { WLMegginson } and { RFahlenbrach } and { RMStulz }} , journal={{Journal of Financial Economics}} 38 3 , year={2003. 2009} , note={J Financ Quant Anal} } @incollection{b75, , author={{ MCFernández } and { GRArrondo }} , booktitle={{?The Effects of Ownership Structure and Board Composition on the Audit Committee Meeting Frequency: Spanish evidence}} , year={2007} 15 } @incollection{b76, , title={{?Board composition, share ownership, and 'under-pricing' of U.K. IPO firms}} , author={{ IFilatotchev } and { KBishop }} , journal={{Strategic Management Journal}} 23 10 , year={2002} } @incollection{b77, , title={{?Ownership, two-tier board structure, and the in formativeness of earnings -evidence from China}} , author={{ MFirth } and { PM YFung } and { OMRui }} , journal={{Journal of Accounting and Public Policy}} 26 4 , year={2007} } @incollection{b78, , author={{ GFleming } and { RHeaney } and { RMccosker }} , booktitle={{) ?Agency costs and ownership structure in Australia}} , year={2005} 13 } @incollection{b79, , title={{}} , author={{ CFlorackis } and { AKostakis } and { AOzkan }} , journal={{Journal of Business Research}} 62 12 , year={2009} } @incollection{b80, , title={{?Managerial ownership and the disposition effect}} , author={{ RFu } and { LWedge }} 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.02.004 , journal={{Journal of Banking and Finance}} 35 9 , year={2011} } @book{b81, , title={{?Corporate Governance in Family Owned Business in Egypt: The Case study of Egytrans}} , author={{ GamalEl Din } and { A }} , year={2008. Feb 2010} , note={Accessed 18} } @book{b82, , title={{Shareholder vs. Stakeholder: Two Approaches to Corporate. In A cross-national study of corporate governance and employment contracts}} , author={{ RGarcia }} , year={2008} , publisher={Blackwell Publishing} } @incollection{b83, , author={{ EGarcía-Meca } and { JPSánchez-Ballesta }} doi:10.1016/j. intaccaudtax.2011.06.002 , booktitle={{?Ownership structure and forecast accuracy in Spain}} , year={2011} 20 } @incollection{b84, , title={{?Corporate governance, corporate ownership, and the role of institutional investors: a global perspective}} , author={{ SLGillan } and { LTStarks }} , journal={{Journal of Applied Finance}} 13 2 , year={2003} } @incollection{b85, , title={{2011) ?Employee ownership, board representation, and corporate financial policies}} , author={{ EGinglinger } and { WMegginson } and { TWaxin }} 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2011.03.005 , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 17 4 } @incollection{b86, , title={{?Insider ownership, bidask spread, and stock splits: Evidence from the stock exchange of Thailand}} , author={{ MGorkittisunthorn } and { SJumreornvong } and { PLimpaphayom }} , journal={{International Review of Financial Analysis}} 15 4-5 , year={2006. 2017} } @incollection{b87, , title={{Corporate governance and the determinants of investment}} , author={{ KGugler } and { DCMueller } and { BBYurtoglu }} , journal={{Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics}} 163 4 , year={2007} } @incollection{b88, , title={{?Insider ownership, ownership concentration and investment performance: An international comparison}} , author={{ KGugler } and { DCMueller } and { BBYurtoglu }} 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2008.09.007 , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 14 5 , year={2008} } @incollection{b89, , title={{?The influence of the degree of state ownership and the ownership concentration on the performance of listed Chinese companies}} , author={{ AGunasekarage } and { KHess } and { AHu }} , journal={{Research in International Business and Finance}} 21 3 , year={2007} } @book{b90, , title={{The effectiveness of corporate governance and external audit on constraining earnings management practice in the UK. Doctoral dissertation}} , author={{ MHabbash }} , year={2010} Durham University } @incollection{b91, , title={{?Managerial ownership, board structure, and the division of gains in divestitures}} , author={{ RCHanson } and { MHSong }} 10.1016/S0929-1199(99)00013-9 , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 6 1 , year={2000} } @incollection{b92, , title={{?Specification Tests in Econometrics}} , author={{ JAHausman }} , journal={{Econometrica}} 46 6 , year={1978} } @incollection{b93, , title={{?Understanding the determinants of managerial ownership and the link between ownership and performance}} , author={{ CPHimmelberg } and { RGHubbard } and { DPalia }} , journal={{Journal of Financial Economics}} 53 3 , year={1999} } @incollection{b94, , title={{2013) ?State ownership and bank equity in the Asia-pacific region}} , author={{ MHossain } and { PKJain } and { Mitra } and { S }} , journal={{Pacific-Basin Finance Journal}} 21 1 } @incollection{b95, , title={{2012) ?The impact of state ownership on share price in formativeness: The case of the split share structure reform in China}} , author={{ WHou } and { JKuo } and { ELee }} , journal={{The British Accounting Review}} 44 4 } @incollection{b96, , title={{?The impact of state ownership on share price in formativeness: The case of the split share structure reform in China}} , author={{ WHou } and { JKuo } and { ELee }} , journal={{The British Accounting Review}} 0 } @incollection{b97, , title={{?The performance effect of managerial ownership: Evidence from China}} , author={{ YHu } and { XZhou }} , journal={{Journal of Banking and Finance}} 32 10 , year={2008} } @incollection{b98, , title={{?How does government ownership affect firm performance? A simple model of privatization in transition economies}} , author={{ LHuang } and { Xiao } and { S }} 10.1016/j.econlet.2012.04.046 , journal={{Economics Letters}} 116 3 , year={2012} } @incollection{b99, , title={{?Ownership structure, risk and performance in the European banking industry}} , author={{ GIannotta } and { GNocera } and { ASironi }} 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2006.07.013 , journal={{Journal of Banking and Finance}} 31 7 , year={2007} } @incollection{b100, , title={{?Executive share ownership, trading behaviour, and corporate control: Evidence from top management turnover during financial distresses}} , author={{ ZIqbal } and { DWFrench }} doi:10.1016/j. jeconbus.2006.08.001 , journal={{Journal of Economics and Business}} 59 4 , year={2007} } @incollection{b101, , title={{?Ownership dispersion and market liquidity}} , author={{ GJacoby } and { SXZheng }} doi:10.1016/j. irfa.2010.01.008 , journal={{International Review of Financial Analysis}} 19 2 , year={2010} } @book{b102, , title={{Board independence and earnings management in Hong Kong firms: Some evidence on the role of family ownership and family board control}} , author={{ BJaggi } and { SLeung } and { FAGul }} , year={2007} , note={Working paper} } @incollection{b103, , title={{?Ownership structure and firm performance: Evidence from the Chinese corporate reform}} , author={{ YKang } and { BKim }} 10.1016/j.chieco.2012.03.006 , journal={{China Economic Review}} 23 2 , year={2012} } @incollection{b104, , title={{?CEO ownership, external governance, and risk-taking}} , author={{ EHKim } and { YLu }} 10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.07.002 , journal={{Journal of Financial Economics}} 102 2 , year={2011} } @incollection{b105, , title={{?Family values: Ownership structure, performance and capital structure of Canadian firms}} , author={{ MRKing } and { ESantor }} doi:10.1016/j. jbankfin.2008.02.002 , journal={{Journal of Banking and Finance}} 32 11 , year={2008} } @incollection{b106, , title={{?Family values: Ownership structure, performance and capital structure of Canadian firms}} , author={{ MRKing } and { ESantor }} doi:10.1016/j. jbankfin.2008.02.002 , journal={{Journal of Banking and Finance}} 32 11 , year={2008} } @incollection{b107, , title={{?The interrelationship between managerial ownership and board structure}} , author={{ MALasfer }} , journal={{Journal of Business Finance and Accounting}} 33 , year={2006} } @incollection{b108, , title={{?State ownership and listed firm performance: a universally negative governance relationship?}} , author={{ TVLe } and { TBuck }} , journal={{Journal of Management and Governance}} , year={2009} , note={working paper} } @incollection{b109, , title={{Managerial ownership and firm performance: Evidence from china's privatizations}} , author={{ DLi } and { FMoshirian } and { PNguyen } and { LTan }} , journal={{Research in International Business and Finance}} 21 3 , year={2007} } @incollection{b110, , title={{?Managerial ownership and firm performance: Evidence from China's privatizations'}} , author={{ DLi } and { FMoshirian } and { PNguyen } and { LTan }} 10.1016/j.ribaf.2007.02.001 , journal={{Research in International Business and Finance}} 21 3 , year={2007} } @incollection{b111, , author={{ JTLi }} , booktitle={{?Ownership Structure and Board Composition: A Multi-Country Test of Agency Theory Predictions}} , year={1994} 15 } @incollection{b112, , author={{ JTLi }} , booktitle={{?Ownership Structure and Board Composition: A Multi-Country Test of Agency Theory Predictions}} , year={1994. 2017} 15 } @incollection{b113, , title={{?Ownership, institutions, and capital structure: Evidence from China}} , author={{ KLi } and { HYue } and { LZhao }} , journal={{Journal of Comparative Economics}} 37 3 , year={2009} } @incollection{b114, , title={{?The effects of employee ownership on organizational identification, employee job attitudes, and organizational performance: A tentative framework and empirical findings}} , author={{ RJLong }} , journal={{Human Relations}} 31 1 , year={1978} } @incollection{b115, , title={{?Determinants of corporate ownership and board structure: Evidence from Singapore}} , author={{ YTMak } and { YLi }} 10.1016/S0929-1199(01)00021-9 , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 7 3 , year={2001} } @incollection{b116, , title={{Airport complementarity: Private vs. government ownership and welfare gravitation}} , author={{ BMantin }} 10.1016/j.trb.2011.10.001 , journal={{Transportation Research Part B: Methodological}} 46 3 , year={2012} } @incollection{b117, , title={{?Family ownership and firm performance: Empirical evidence from Western European corporations}} , author={{ BMaury }} , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 12 2 , year={2006} } @incollection{b118, , title={{Family ownership and firm performance: Empirical evidence from Western European corporations}} , author={{ BenjaminMaury }} , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 12 2 , year={2006} } @incollection{b119, , title={{2011) ?Family business and financial performance: Current state of knowledge and future research challenges}} , author={{ CMazzi }} 10.1016/j.jfbs.2011.07.001 , journal={{Journal of Family Business Strategy}} 2 3 } @incollection{b120, , title={{?Changes in insider ownership and changes in the market value of the firm}} , author={{ JJMcconnell } and { HServaes } and { KVLins }} 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2008.02.00 , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 14 2 , year={2008} } @incollection{b121, , title={{Changes in insider ownership and changes in the market value of the firm}} , author={{ JJMcconnell } and { HServaes } and { KVLins }} , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 14 , year={2008} } @incollection{b122, , title={{ESOPs enhance firm performance? evidence from China's reform experiment}} , author={{ RMeng } and { XNing } and { XZhou } and { HZhu }} doi:10.1016/j. jbankfin.2010.11.004 , journal={{Journal of Banking and Finance}} 35 6 , year={2011} } @incollection{b123, , title={{?Employee share-ownership trusts and corporate governance}} , author={{ JMichie } and { COughton }} , journal={{Corporate Governance}} 1 3 , year={2001} } @incollection{b124, , title={{?Does ownership structure affect value? A panel data analysis for the Spanish market}} , author={{ AMínguez-Vera } and { JFMartín-Ugedo }} 10.1016/j.irfa.2005.10.004 , journal={{International Review of Financial Analysis}} 16 1 , year={2007} } @incollection{b125, , title={{2013) ?Competition, corporate governance, ownership structure and risk reporting}} , author={{ EMokhtar } and { HMellett }} , journal={{Managerial Auditing Journal}} 28 9 , year={2006} Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York , note={Three essays on ownership structure, firm performance and the ability to invest. Ph.D. dissertation} } @book{b126, , title={{The Performance of Newly Privatized Firms in Selected MENA Countries: The Role of Ownership Structure, Governance and Liberalization Policies}} , author={{ BNaceur } and { SGhazouani } and { MOmran }} , year={2006} } @incollection{b127, , title={{?Determinants of state equity ownership, and its effect on value/performance: China's privatized firms}} , author={{ ANg } and { AYuce } and { Chen } and { E }} 10.1016/j.pacfin.2008.10.003 , journal={{Pacific-Basin Finance Journal}} 17 4 , year={2009} } @incollection{b128, , title={{?An empirical study on the relationship between ownership and performance in a family-based corporate environment}} , author={{ CYNg }} , journal={{Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance}} 20 2 , year={2005} } @incollection{b129, , title={{?Battle in the Boardroom: A Discursive Perspective}} , author={{ WNg } and { CDe Cock }} , journal={{Journal of Management Studies}} 39 , year={2002} } @incollection{b130, , title={{2013) ?Employee Share Ownership and Firm Performance: Evidence from a Sample of Cameroonian Firms}} , author={{ MTNgambi } and { FOloume }} , journal={{International Journal}} 2 3 } @incollection{b131, , title={{Privatisation, state ownership, and bank performance in Egypt}} , author={{ MOmran }} doi:10.1016/j. worlddev.2006.07.002 , journal={{World Development}} 35 4 , year={2007} } @incollection{b132, , title={{Corporate governance and firm performance in Arab equity markets: Does ownership concentration matter?}} , author={{ MMOmran } and { ABolbol } and { AFatheldin }} , journal={{International Review of Law and Economics}} 28 , year={2008} } @incollection{b133, , title={{Corporate Governance and Firm Performance In Arab equity markets: Does ownership concentration matter?}} , author={{ MMOmran } and { ABolbol } and { AFatheldin }} , journal={{International Review of Law and Economics}} 28 1 , year={2008} } @incollection{b134, , title={{?The relationship between ownership structure and firm performance: An empirical analysis of listed companies in Kenya}} , author={{ VOOngore }} , journal={{African Journal of Business Management}} 5 6 , year={2011} } @incollection{b135, , title={{The relationship between ownership structure and firm performance: An empirical analysis of listed companies in Kenya}} , author={{ VOOngore }} , journal={{African Journal of Business Management}} 5 6 , year={2011} } @incollection{b136, , title={{?Ownership forms matter for airport efficiency: A stochastic frontier investigation of worldwide airports}} , author={{ THOum } and { JYan } and { Yu } and { C }} 10.1016/j.jue.2008.03.001 , journal={{Journal of Urban Economics}} 64 2 , year={2008} } @book{b137, , title={{}} , author={{ SPaek } and { QXiao } and { SLee } and { HSong }} , year={2013. 2017} } @incollection{b138, , title={{corporate social responsibility dimensions? An empirical examination of U.S. publicly traded hospitality firms}} 10.1016/j.ijhm.2012.12.004 , journal={{International Journal of Hospitality Management}} 34 0 } @incollection{b139, , title={{1999) ?Managerial ownership and firm performance: A re-examination using productivity measurement}} , author={{ DPalia } and { FLichtenberg }} S0929-1199(99)00009-7 , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 5 4 } @incollection{b140, , title={{The Unintended Consequences of State Ownership: The Brazilian Experience}} , author={{ MPargendler }} , journal={{Theoretical Inq. L}} 13 503 , year={2012} } @incollection{b141, , title={{Insider ownership and firm performance: An examination of restaurant firms}} , author={{ KPark } and { SJang }} , journal={{International Journal of Hospitality Management}} 29 3 , year={2010} } @incollection{b142, , title={{2010) ?Insider ownership and firm performance: An examination of restaurant firms}} , author={{ KPark } and { SJang }} doi:10.1016/ j.ijhm.2009.10.023 , journal={{International Journal of Hospitality Management}} 29 3 } @incollection{b143, , title={{?Does employee ownership enhance firm survival?}} , author={{ RPark } and { DKruse } and { JSesil }} , booktitle={{Advances in the Economic Analysis of Participatory and Labour-Managed Firms}} , year={2004} 8 } @book{b144, , title={{Markets and relationships: finance, governance and labour in the United Kingdom}} , author={{ APendleton } and { HGospel }} , year={2005} } @incollection{b145, , title={{) ?Employee ownership: Implications for management}} , author={{ JLPierce } and { CAFuro }} , journal={{Organizational Dynamics}} 18 3 , year={1991} } @book{b146, , title={{?Employee ownership: A conceptual model of process and effects}} , author={{ JLPierce } and { SARubenfeld } and { Morgan } and { S }} , year={1991} , publisher={Academy of Management review} 16 } @incollection{b147, , title={{?The structure of corporate ownership in Japan}} , author={{ SDProwse }} , journal={{Journal of Finance}} 47 3 , year={1992} } @incollection{b148, , title={{?How employee stock options and executive equity ownership affect long-term IPO operating performance}} , author={{ KPukthuanthong } and { RRoll } and { TWalker }} , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 13 5 , year={2007} } @incollection{b149, , title={{Institutional Investor Portfolio Stability and Post-IPO Firm Survival: A Contingency Approach}} , author={{ CRReutzel }} , journal={{International Journal of Business and Management}} 15 7 , year={2012} } @incollection{b150, , title={{) ?Foreign institutional ownership and stock market liquidity: Evidence from Indonesia}} , author={{ SGRhee } and { Wang } and { J }} 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2009.01.008 , journal={{Journal of Banking and Finance}} 33 7 , year={2009} } @book{b151, , title={{Roe (1990) ?Political and legal restraints on ownership and control of public companies}} } @incollection{b152, , title={{2011) ?State-Owned Enterprises Issues of Accountability and Legitimacy}} , author={{ JRoper } and { MSchoenberger-Orgad }} , journal={{Management Communication Quarterly}} 25 4 } @incollection{b153, , title={{?Managerial ownership and firm performance in listed Danish firms: In search of the missing link}} , author={{ CRose }} 10.1016/j.emj.2005.09.009 , journal={{European Management Journal}} 23 5 , year={2005} } @incollection{b154, , title={{2011) ?Managerial Ownership, Capital Structure and Firm Value: Evidence from China's Civilian-run Firms}} , author={{ WRuan } and { GTian } and { SMa }} , journal={{Australasian', Accounting Business and Finance Journal}} 5 3 } @incollection{b155, , title={{Capital Structure and Firm Value: Evidence from China's Civilian-run Firms}} , author={{ Wenjuan;Ruan } and { Gary;Tian } and { Ma } and { ManagerialShiguang } and { Ownership }} , journal={{Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal}} 5 3 , year={2011} } @incollection{b156, , title={{2011) ?Relationship between management ownership and firm value among the business group affiliated firms in Korea}} , author={{ KRyu } and { JYoo }} 10.1016/j.jce.2011.05.002 , journal={{Journal of Comparative Economics}} 39 4 } @incollection{b157, , title={{?Large shareholders ?combinations in family firms: prevalence and performance effects}} , author={{ MSacristán } and { SGómez } and { LCabeza }} , journal={{Journal of Family Business Strategy}} 2 101 , year={2011} } @book{b158, , title={{}} 10.1016/j.jfbs.2011.03.001 } @incollection{b159, , author={{ MSantiago-Castro } and { CJBrown }} doi:10.1016/j. jeconbus.2007.04.005 , booktitle={{?Ownership structure and minority rights: A Latin American view}} , year={2007} 59 } @incollection{b160, , title={{The international evidence on performance and equity ownership by insiders, blockholders, and institutions}} , author={{ BSeifert } and { HGonenc } and { &JWright }} , journal={{Journal of Multinational Financial Management}} 15 , year={2005} } @incollection{b161, , title={{?Employee stock option plan and employee attitudes: A test of extrinsic versus intrinsic models}} , author={{ TTSelvarajan } and { NRamamoorthy } and { PFlood } and { PRowley }} , journal={{International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy}} 26 5/6 , year={2006} } @incollection{b162, , title={{?Ownership structure and performance of firms: Empirical evidence from an emerging market}} , author={{ SZ AShah } and { SAButt } and { MMSaeed }} , journal={{African Journal of Business Management}} 5 2 , year={2011} } @incollection{b163, , title={{?Ownership structure and performance of firms: Empirical evidence from an emerging market}} , author={{ SZ AShah } and { SAButt } and { MMSaeed }} , journal={{African Journal of Business Management}} 5 2 , year={2011} } @incollection{b164, , title={{?Firm profitability, state ownership, and top management turnover at the listed firms in China: A behavioural perspective}} , author={{ WShen } and { Lin } and { C }} , journal={{Corporate Governance: An International Review}} 17 4 , year={2009} } @incollection{b165, , title={{2011) ?Does ownership matter in mergers? A comparative study of the causes and consequences of mergers by family and non-family firms}} , author={{ JShim } and { HOkamuro }} doi:10.1016/j. jbankfin.2010.07.027 , journal={{Journal of Banking and Finance}} 35 1 } @incollection{b166, , author={{ AShivdasani }} , booktitle={{?Board Composition, Ownership Structure, and Hostile Takeovers}} , year={1993} 16 } @incollection{b167, , title={{?Managerial ownership and the performance of firms: Evidence from the UK}} , author={{ HShort } and { KKeasey }} S0929-1199(98) 00016-9 , journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}} 5 1 , year={1999} } @incollection{b168, , title={{?Does family ownership shape performance outcomes?}} , author={{ FSilva } and { NMajluf }} 10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.06.035 , journal={{Journal of Business Research}} 61 6 , year={2008} } @incollection{b169, , title={{?Board structure, ownership, and financial distress in banking firms}} , author={{ WGSimpson } and { AEGleason }} 10.1016/S1059-0560(99 , journal={{International Review of Economics and Finance}} 8 3 26 , year={1999} } @book{b170, , author={{ GPStapledon }} , title={{Institutional Shareholders and Corporate Governance}} Oxford , publisher={Clarendon Press} , year={1996} } @incollection{b171, , title={{?The separation of ownership and control in East Asian corporations}} , author={{ CStijn } and { SDjankov } and { LLang }} , journal={{Journal of Financial Economics}} , year={2000} } @incollection{b172, , title={{The relationship between institutional ownership and casino firm performance}} , author={{ HTsai } and { ZGu }} , journal={{International Journal of Hospitality Management}} 26 3 , year={2007} } @incollection{b173, , author={{ KVictoria }} 10.1016/j.intacc.2006.04.002 , booktitle={{?Ownership, board structure}} , year={2006} 41 , note={and performance in continental Europe} } @incollection{b174, , title={{How do family ownership, control and management affect firm value}} , author={{ BVillalonga } and { RAmit }} , journal={{Journal of Financial Economics}} 80 2 , year={2006} } @incollection{b175, , title={{State ownership, the institutional environment, and auditor choice: Evidence from china}} , author={{ QWang } and { TJWong } and { LXia }} , journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}} 46 1 , year={2008} } @incollection{b176, , title={{?State ownership, the institutional environment, and auditor choice: Evidence from China}} , author={{ QWang } and { TJWong } and { LXia }} 10.1016/j.jacceco.2008.04.001 , journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}} 46 1 , year={2008} } @incollection{b177, , title={{Multi-ownership of tourism accommodation complexes: A critique of types, relative merits, and challenges arising}} , author={{ JWarnken } and { CGuilding }} , journal={{Tourism Management}} 30 5 , year={2009} } @book{b178, , title={{?Multi-ownership of tourism accommodation complexes: A critique of types, relative merits, and challenges arising', Tourism Management}} , author={{ JWarnken } and { CGuilding }} 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.10.023 , year={2009} 30 } @incollection{b179, , title={{Ownership Structure and Firm Value in China's Privatized Firms}} , author={{ ZWei } and { F &Xie } and { SZhang }} , journal={{Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis}} 40 , year={2005. 1991-2001} } @incollection{b180, , title={{?Ownership and performance in Chinese manufacturing industry}} , author={{ ZWei }} , journal={{Journal of Multinational Financial Management}} 12 1 , year={2002} } @incollection{b181, , title={{Ownership and performance in chinese manufacturing industry}} , author={{ ZWei }} , journal={{Journal of Multinational Financial Management}} 12 1 , year={2002} } @incollection{b182, , title={{State equity ownership and firm market performance: Evidence from china's newly privatized firms}} , author={{ ZWei } and { OVarela }} , journal={{Global Finance Journal}} 14 1 , year={2003} } @incollection{b183, , title={{?State equity ownership and firm market performance: Evidence from China's newly privatized firms}} , author={{ ZWei } and { OVarela }} 10.1016/S1044-0283(03 , journal={{Global Finance Journal}} 14 1 5 , year={2003} } @incollection{b184, , author={{ ZWei } and { FXie } and { SZhang }} , booktitle={{?Ownership Structure and Firm Value in China's Privatisied Firms}} , year={2005. 1991-2001} 87 108 } @incollection{b185, , title={{?Ambitions, ´External´ Environment and Strategic Factor Differences between Family and Non-Family Companies}} , author={{ PWesthead }} , journal={{Entrepreneurship and Regional Development}} 9 2 , year={1997} } @book{b186, , title={{Introductory Econometrics -A Modern Approach}} , author={{ JeffreyMWooldridge }} , year={2006} , publisher={Thomson South-Western} , note={International Student Edition} } @book{b187, , title={{Report on the observance of standards and codes (ROSC): A corporate governance country assessment for The Arab Republic of Egypt}} , author={{ WorldBank }} , year={2009. June} , address={Egypt; Cairo} } @book{b188, , title={{Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC), Corporate Governance Country Assessment}} , year={2004} , address={Egypt} } @book{b189, , title={{Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC), Corporate Governance Country Assessment}} , year={2009} , address={Egypt} } @incollection{b190, , title={{?Can minority state ownership influence firm value? Universal and contingency views of its governance effects}} , author={{ HWu }} doi:10.1016/j. jbusres.2010.10.00 , journal={{Journal of Business Research}} 64 8 , year={2011} } @incollection{b191, , title={{Can minority state ownership influence firm value? universal and contingency views of its governance effects}} , author={{ HWu }} , journal={{Journal of Business Research}} 64 8 , year={2011} } @incollection{b192, , title={{Effects of family ownership and management on small business equity financing}} , author={{ ZWu } and { JHChua } and { JJChrisman }} , journal={{Journal of Business Venturing}} 22 6 , year={2007. 2017} } @incollection{b193, , title={{?Effects of family ownership and management on small business equity financing}} , author={{ ZWu } and { JHChua } and { JJChrisman }} doi:10.1016/j. jbusvent.2006.07.002 , journal={{Journal of Business Venturing}} 22 6 , year={2007} } @incollection{b194, , author={{ WSYang } and { LSChun } and { SMRamadili }} , booktitle={{The Effect of Board Structure and Institutional Ownership Structure on Earnings Management}} , year={2009} 3 } @incollection{b195, , author={{ WSYang } and { LSChun } and { SMRamadili }} , booktitle={{?The Effect of Board Structure and Institutional Ownership Structure on Earnings Management}} , year={2009} 3 } @incollection{b196, , author={{ WSYang } and { LSChun } and { SMRamadili }} , booktitle={{?The Effect of Board Structure and Institutional Ownership Structure on Earnings Management}} , year={2009} 3 } @incollection{b197, , title={{Corporate Governance and Financial Distress: Evidence from Taiwan}} , author={{ YHYeh } and { TSLee }} , journal={{Corporate Governance: An International Review}} 12 , year={2004} } @book{b198, , title={{2013) ?State ownership and firm performance: Empirical evidence from Chinese Research}} , author={{ MYu }} 10.1016/j.cjar.2013.03.003 6 } @incollection{b199, , title={{Mutual funds' ownership and firm performance: Evidence from china}} , author={{ RYuan } and { JZXiao } and { HZou }} , journal={{Journal of Banking & Finance}} 32 8 , year={2008} } @incollection{b200, , title={{}} , author={{ RYuan } and { JZXiao } and { HZou }} 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2007.08.001 , journal={{Journal of Banking and Finance}} 32 8 , year={2008} } @incollection{b201, , title={{Deviations from optimal CEO ownership and firm value}} , author={{ TZhenxu }} , journal={{Journal of Banking & Finance}} 32 11 , year={2008} } @incollection{b202, , title={{?Deviations from optimal CEO ownership and firm value}} , author={{ TZhenxu }} doi:10.1016/j. jbankfin.2008.05.005 , journal={{Journal of Banking and Finance}} 32 11 , year={2008} } @incollection{b203, , title={{?Understanding the determinants of managerial ownership and the link between ownership and performance: Comment'}} , author={{ XZhou }} org/10.1016/S0304-405X(01)00085-X , journal={{Journal of Financial Economics}} 62 3 , year={2001} }