@incollection{, FBC91F4C887C8B3214500A2671DE7FC4 , author={{SawsanMohamed} and {Hans-Georg Schwarz-V.Raumer} and {Universitat Stuttgart}}, journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}}, journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS, address={Cambridge, United States}, publisher={Global Journals Organisation}173114 } @incollection{b0, , title={{the application of 'least-cost' modelling as a functional landscape model}} , author={{ FAdriaensen } and { JPChardon } and { GDe Blust } and { ESwinnen } and { SVillalba } and { HGulinck } and { EMatthysen }} 10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00242-6 , journal={{Landscape and Urban Planning}} 64 4 , year={2003} } @book{b1, , title={{Key Biodiversity Survey of Kurdistan, Norhtern Iraq: Site Review for Birds, Botany and Fisheries}} , author={{ KArarat } and { IMAbid } and { SAbdulrahman }} . NI-1208-01 , year={2008. 2008} , address={Winter & Summer} , note={Technical Report} } @incollection{b2, , title={{}} , author={{ Kr-IraqSulaimani }} , journal={{Nature Iraq}} } @incollection{b3, , title={{Key Biodiversity Areas: Rapid assessment of birds in Kurdistan}} , author={{ KArarat }} 10.3897/biorisk.3.21 , journal={{Iraq. BioRisk}} 3 , year={2009} } @book{b4, , title={{Baden-Württemberg is a great place to live}} , author={{ Bw }} , year={2015. March 3. 2015} , note={The State and its people} } @book{b5, , title={{Smart Conservation for the 21st Century (monograph series)}} , author={{ MABenedict } and { ETMcmahon }} , year={2002} , address={Washington D.C, USA} , note={: the Conservation Fund, Sprawl Watch Clearinghouse} } @book{b6, , title={{Integrating biodiversity conservation and sustainable use: lessons learned from ecological networks}} , author={{ GBennett }} , year={2004} , publisher={IUCN} , address={Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom} } @book{b7, , title={{Towards a European Ecological Network}} , author={{ GBennett }} , year={1991} , address={Arnheim, the Netherlands} Institute for European Environmental Policy } @incollection{b8, , title={{Review of experience with ecological networks, corridors and buffer zones}} , author={{ GBennett } and { KJMulongoy }} , booktitle={{CBD Technical Series}} 23 , year={2006} } @book{b9, , author={{ CanadaMontreal }} , title={{Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity}} } @book{b10, , title={{}} , author={{ MBöttcher } and { HReck }} , year={2005} } @book{b11, , title={{Lebensraumkorridore für Mensch und Natur (habitatcorridorsforpeopleandnature) (Naturschutz und biologische Vielfalt 17)}} , publisher={Bundesamt für Naturschutz} , address={Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany} } @book{b12, , title={{}} , author={{ MTBrown } and { JMSchaefer } and { KHBrandt }} , year={1990} } @book{b13, 89-07-JS No , title={{Buffer zones for water, wetlands and wildlife in East Central Florida}} , publisher={CFW publication} } @book{b14, , title={{}} , author={{ T-00061 }} , address={Gainesville-Florida, USA} University of } @book{b15, , title={{}} , author={{ CenterFlorida } and { For Wetlands }} } @incollection{b16, , title={{Ten years of forestry progress in Iraq}} , author={{ GWChapman }} 77-80 , journal={{Unasylva}} 13 2 , year={1959} } @book{b17, , author={{ HJCritchfield }} , title={{General Climatology}} , year={1974} 3 } @book{b18, , title={{}} , author={{ Ed }} , address={New Jersey, USA} } @book{b19, , title={{Individualbased models in ecology after four decades}} , author={{ DLDeangelis } and { VGrimm }} 10.12703/P6-39 , year={2014. F1000Prime Reports, 6} 39 } @book{b20, , title={{}} , author={{ WDramstad } and { JDOlson } and { RT TForman }} , year={1996} } @incollection{b21, , title={{Principles in Landscape Architecture and Land-Use Planning}} , journal={{Landscape Ecology}} } @book{b22, , title={{}} , author={{ DCWashington } and { Usa }} } @incollection{b23, , title={{Forests, Grasslands, & Drylands-Iraq. World Resource Institute}} , booktitle={{Earth Trends}} , year={2010a. Retrieved December 2. 2010} } @incollection{b24, , title={{Iraq, Country Profile}} , booktitle={{Earth Trends}} , year={2010b. Retrieved December 2. 2010} } @book{b25, , author={{ HEsswein } and { H.-GSchwarz-V.Raumer }} , title={{Landschaftszerschneidung in}} Baden-Württemberg , year={2008} Neuberechnung des Landschaftszerschneidungsgrades -Verbindungsräume geringer } @book{b26, , title={{Zerschneidung (Landscapedissection in Baden-Württemberg, recalculationandcalculationofcorridorsoflowdissection)}} , address={Unpublishedreport} } @incollection{b27, , title={{Landschaftszerschneidung in Baden-Württemberg}} , author={{ HEsswein } and { JJaeger } and { H.-GSchwarz-V.Raumer } and { MMüller }} Nr. 214 , booktitle={{Akademie für Technikfolgenabschätzung in}} Baden-Württemberg; Baden-Württemberg; Stuttgart, Germany , publisher={FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations} , year={2002. 2008. October 20. 2010} 19 , note={Report} , note={Forestry country information} } @incollection{b28, , title={{Corridors in a landscape: their ecological structure and function}} , author={{ RT TForman }} , journal={{Ekologia (CSSR)}} 2 4 , year={1983} } @book{b29, , title={{Land mosaics: the ecology of landscapes and regions}} , author={{ RT TForman }} , year={1995} , address={Cambridge, UK} } @incollection{b30, , title={{A meta-analytic review of corridor effectiveness}} , author={{ LGilbert-Norton } and { RWilson } and { JRStevens } and { KHBeard }} 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01450.x , journal={{Conservation Biology}} 24 3 , year={2010} } @book{b31, , title={{Integration of landscape fragmentation analysis into regional planning: A statewide multi-scale case study from California, USA. Landscape and Urban Planning}} , author={{ EHGirvetz } and { JHThorne } and { AMBerry } and { JA GJaeger }} 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.02.007 , year={2008} 86 } @incollection{b32, , title={{GIS-based approach for incorporating the connectivity of ecological networks into regional planning}} , author={{ MGurrutxaga } and { PJLozano } and { GBarrio }} 10.1016/j.jnc.2010.01.005 , journal={{Journal for Nature Conservation}} 18 4 , year={2010} } @book{b33, , title={{Woods as habitat patches for birds: application in landscape planning in The Netherlands}} , author={{ BWHarms } and { POpdam }} , editor={Zonneveld, I.S., &} , year={1989} } @book{b34, , title={{Changing landscapes. An Ecological Perspective}} , editor={Forman, R. T. T.} , address={New York, USA} } @incollection{b35, , title={{Identifying a Linked Reserve System using a Regional Landscape Approach: the Florida Ecological Network}} , author={{ TSHoctor } and { MHCarr } and { PDZwick }} , journal={{Conservation Biology}} 14 4 , year={2000} } @book{b36, , title={{Ecotones: the role of landscape boundaries in the management and restoration of changing environments}} , author={{ MMHolland } and { PGRisser } and { RJNaiman }} , year={1991} , address={New York, USA} } @incollection{b37, , title={{Benefits beyond Boundaries}} , author={{ Iucn }} , booktitle={{Proceedings of the fifth IUCN World Parks Congress}} the fifth IUCN World Parks CongressDurban; Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. , year={2005. September2003} } @incollection{b38, , title={{Landschaftszerschneidung in Baden-Württemberg -Ergebnisse einer landesweiten räumlich differenzierten quantitativen Zustandsanalyse (Landscapedissection in Baden-Württemberg -resultsof a statewidespatiallydifferentiating quantitative analysis}} , author={{ JJaeger } and { HEsswein } and { H.-GSchwarz-V.Raumer } and { MMüller }} , journal={{Naturschutz}} 33 10 , year={2001} } @incollection{b39, , title={{Landscape division, splitting index, and effective mesh size: New measures of landscape fragmentation}} , author={{ JJaeger }} 10.1023/A:1008129329289 , journal={{Landscape Ecology}} 15 2 , year={2000} } @incollection{b40, , title={{Time series of landscape fragmentation caused by transportation infrastructure and urban development: a case study from Baden-Württemberg (Germany)}} , author={{ JJaeger } and { H.-GSchwarz-V.Raumer } and { HEsswein } and { MMüller } and { MSchmidt-Lüttmann }} , journal={{Ecology and Society}} 12 1 , year={2007} } @incollection{b41, , title={{Implementing Landscape Fragmentation as an Indicator in the Swiss Monitoring System of Sustainable Development}} , author={{ JJaeger } and { RBertiller } and { CSchwick } and { KMuller } and { CSteinmeier } and { KCEwald } and { JGhazoul }} doi:10.1016/j. jenvman.2007.03.043 , journal={{Journal of Environmental Management}} 88 4 , year={2008} } @book{b42, , title={{}} , author={{ CLang } and { H.-GSchwarz-V. Raumer } and { HEsswein }} , year={2008} } @book{b43, , title={{ArcGIS-Tool zur Analyse des Landschaftszerschneidungsgrades mit der Messgröße 'Effektive Maschenweite' (ArcGIS-Tool forAnalysesofLandscapeDissectionusing 'Effective Mesh Size')}} } @incollection{b44, , title={{Applying GIS and landscape ecological principles to evaluate land conservation alternatives}} , author={{ RGLathrop } and { JABognar }} 10.1016/S0169-2046(98)00047-4 , journal={{Landscape and Urban Planning}} 41 , year={1998} } @incollection{b45, , title={{Management of vegetation corridors: maintenance, rehabilitation and establishment}} , author={{ BLoney } and { RJHobbs }} , booktitle={{Nature conservation 2: the role of corridors}} , editor={ DASaunders RJHobbs } , publisher={New South Wales} , year={1991} 6 } @book{b46, , title={{Multifunctional Land Use, Meeting Future Demands for Landscape Goods and Services}} , editor={Mander, U., Wiggering, H. & Helming, K.} , year={2007} , address={Berlin, Germany} } @incollection{b47, , title={{Buffer zones around protected areas: a brief literature review}} , author={{ DMartino }} , journal={{Electronic Green Journal}} 15 1 , year={2001} } @incollection{b48, , title={{Geographical and genetic distances among zooplankton populations in a set of interconnected ponds: a plea for using GIS modelling of the effective geographical distance}} , author={{ EMichels } and { KCottenie } and { LNeys } and { KDe Gelas } and { PCoppin } and { LDe Meester }} 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01340.x , journal={{Mol. Ecol}} 10 , year={2001} } @book{b49, , title={{Green Infrastructure Planning in Developing Countries: Developing Green Concept in Kurdistan Region-Iraq}} , author={{ SMohamed }} 10.18419/opus-9164 , year={2011} University of Stuttgart , note={Master Thesis} } @incollection{b50, , title={{On the use of connectivity measures in spatial ecology}} , author={{ AMoilanen } and { IHanski }} 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.950116.x , journal={{Oikos}} 95 , year={2001} } @incollection{b51, , title={{Modification of the effective mesh size for measuring landscape fragmentation to solve the boundary problem}} , author={{ BMoser } and { JA GJaeger } and { ETasser } and { BEiselt } and { UTappeiner }} 10.1007/s10980-006-9023-0 , journal={{Landscape Ecology}} 22 , year={2007} } @book{b52, , title={{From Biodiversity to Ecodiversity: New Tools for Holistic Landscape Conservation. International journals of ecology and environmental science}} , author={{ ZNaveh }} 10.1007/978-3-662-03543-6_2 , year={1995} 21 } @incollection{b53, , title={{A GIS site-selection process for habitat creation: estimating connectivity of habitat patches}} , author={{ PNikolakaki }} 10.1016/s0169-2046(03)00167-1 , journal={{Landscape and Urban Planning}} 68 , year={2003} } @book{b54, , title={{Saving Nature's Legacy: Protecting and Restoring Biodiversity. Defenders of Wildlife}} , author={{ RFNoss } and { AYCoperrider }} , year={1994} , address={Washington DC} } @book{b55, , title={{Ecological networks: Are they enough for connectivity conservation? A case study in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region}} , author={{ JPino } and { J }} , year={2012} , publisher={NE Spain} } @incollection{b56, , title={{}} , journal={{Land Use Policy}} 29 } @book{b57, , title={{}} 10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.11.004 } @incollection{b58, , title={{Using the Ecosystem Approach to Implement the Convention on Biological Diversity: Key Issues and Case Studies}} , author={{ LMPuth } and { KAWilson } and { RDSmith } and { EMaltby }} 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.99554.x47 , journal={{Conservation Biology}} 1 15 , year={2001. 2003} , note={Boundaries and Corridors as a Continuum of Ecological Flow Control: Lessons from Rivers and Streams} } @book{b59, , title={{}} , author={{ DRudnick } and { PBeier } and { SCushman } and { FDieffenbach } and { CWEpps } and { LGerber } and { JHartter } and { JJenness } and { JKintsch } and { AMMerenlender } and { RMPerkle } and { DVPreziosi } and { SJRyan } and { SCTrombulak }} , year={2012} } @book{b60, , title={{The Role of Landscape Connectivity in Planning and Implementing Conservation and Restoration Priorities (Issues in Ecology}} , publisher={Ecological Society of America} , address={Washington DC, USA} } @incollection{b61, , title={{Landschaftszerschneidung in Hessen. Entwicklung, Vergleich zu Baden-Württemberg und Trendanalyse als Grundlage für ein landesweites Monitoring (Landscapedissection in Hesse. Development, Comparision to Baden-Württemberg and Trends as a basis for a state wide monitoring)}} , author={{ IARoedenbeck } and { HEsswein } and { WKöhler }} , journal={{Naturschutz und Landschaftsplanung}} 37 , year={2005} } @incollection{b62, , title={{Rule-based assessment of suitable habitat and patch connectivity for Eurasian Lynx in Germany}} , author={{ SSchadt } and { FKnauer } and { PKaczensky } and { ERevilla } and { TWiegand } and { .L }} 10.2307/3099985 , journal={{Ecol. Appl}} 12 , year={2002} } @book{b63, , title={{Der "Patency Index" alsStrukturmaßfür die Landschaftszerschneidung (A" Patency Index" for structural indication of landscape dissection)}} , author={{ H.-GSchwarz-V. Raumer }} , year={2007} } @book{b64, , author={{ JIn Strobl } and { ThBlaschke }} , title={{Beiträge zum 19. AGIT-Symposium}} , editor={ GGriesebner } Salzburg } @book{b65, , title={{}} , author={{ GremanyHeidlberg }} } @incollection{b66, , title={{Design of multifunctional landscape corridors using effective mesh-size for regional targeting of urban development restrictions and open space development}} , author={{ H.-GSchwarz-V.Raumer } and { HEsswein }} , booktitle={{improving connections in a changing environment. Collection of short papers from the 2010 IENE Conference}} , editor={ VRichter MPuky ASeiler } Budapest, Hungary , year={2010} } @incollection{b67, , title={{Connectivity is a vital element of landscape structure}} , author={{ PDTaylor } and { LFahrig } and { KHenein } and { &GMerriam }} 10.2307/3544927 , journal={{Oikos}} 68 , year={1993} } @incollection{b68, , title={{On the usage and measurement of landscape connectivity}} , author={{ LTischendorf } and { LFahrig }} 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.900102.x , journal={{Oikos}} 90 , year={2000} } @incollection{b69, , title={{Geographic information systems and cartographic modeling}} , author={{ CDTomlin }} 10.7202/022222ar , journal={{NJ}} , year={1990} , publisher={Prentice Hall} } @incollection{b70, , title={{Analyzing wildlife movement corridors in Montana using GIS}} , author={{ RWalker } and { LCraighead }} , booktitle={{Proceedings of the 1997 ESRI European User Conference}} the 1997 ESRI European User ConferenceCopenhagen, Denmark , year={1997} } @incollection{b71, , title={{A national assessment of green infrastructure and change for the conterminous United States using morphological image processing}} , author={{ JDWickhama } and { KHRiitters } and { TGWadea } and { PVogtc }} 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.10.003 , journal={{Landscape and Urban Planning}} 94 , year={2010} } @incollection{b72, , title={{Ecological flows across landscape boundaries: a conceptual overview}} , author={{ JAWiens }} , booktitle={{Landscape boundaries: consequences for biotic diversity and ecological flow}} , editor={ AJHansen FDi Castri } Heidelberg, Germany and New York, USA , year={1992} 92 , note={) = Ecological studies} } @incollection{b73, , title={{Applied biogeography: the design of nature preserves}} , author={{ EOWilson } and { E OWillis }} , booktitle={{Ecology and Evolution of Communities}} , editor={ MLCody JMDiamond } , year={1975} } @incollection{b74, , title={{WMBW (=Wirtschaftsministerium des Landes Baden-Württemberg}} , booktitle={{Ministry of Economic Affairs}} Cambridge, UK; Baden-Württemberg; Baden-Württemberg; Stuttgart, Germany , year={2002. 2002. 2002} 60 , note={State development plan} }