# Introduction he land of the Mekong Delta occupied 4.000.000 hectares in which the farmland accounted for 65%. The Mekong Delta has contributed at 56% of rice production, 70% of fruit production and 57% of aquaculture production of whole country (General Statistics Organization, 2012). However, there are several difficulties of the limitation of human resource for the human development in the Mekong Delta (Duong Ngoc Thanh and Pham Duc Thuan, 2016). In recent years, to adapt with the change of the natural, economical and social conditions, the households have used suitably resources, improved production capacities and changed the suitable farming systems such as the systems of mono rice production, riceupland crop and riceaquaculture which have contributed in improving the income and the life of households. However, the social life of the households has slowly changed, the natural resources have negatively changed which have influenced the environmental ecology systems in the process of the economical development of the region (Le Quang Tri and Vo Thi Guong, 2006). Therefore, the theme titled: "The factors affecting the net income of the households for mono rice production, rice-upland crop and rice-aquaculture in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam" was conducted to find out the solutions for improving the net income of the households. # II. # Objectives of Study There are three specific objectives of study such as (1) Analyzing the main resources of the households; (2) Analyzing the factors affecting the net income of the households; and (3) Recommending the solutions for improving the net income of the households for mono rice production, rice-upland crop and rice-aquaculture in the study site. # III. # Methodology of Study # b) Methods of data collection and analysis The secondary data were collected beside the primary data, which were interviewed from 220 households through the structured questionnaires, related to the objectives of study in 2013. Descriptive statistics and the multivariate linear regression were used in the study. # IV. # Results of Study a) The analysis of the main resource of the farm households i. Educational level The educational level of the householders obtained the primary and the secondary school which was low in the three production groups in 2013. ii. Farm land In 2013, the farm land was over 2 hectares per household obtained at the highest proportion while the farm land under 1 hectare per household ranged the lowest one. For the Rice-Aquaculture production group and Rice-Upland crop production group with the 1-2 hectare farm land per household accounted for the highest proportion while the Mono Rice production group with the farm land was over 2 hectares per household occupied at the highest proportion. The average farm land per household in the three production groups was quite big; it was in round of 2 hectares in 2013. Farm land was considered as the basic resource for the livelihood activities of the farm households. Moreover, the farm land was also a property of farm households to access the credits from the banks for the production works or their life. iii. # Net income of the farm households The main net income (NI) of the farm households was from doing farming, and from non-farm activities. Livestock's NI was an additional part in the farm households' livelihood. Net income total per Mono Rice crop household obtained the highest in the three production household groups, then, NI total per Rice-Aquaculture household reached the second range while NI total per Rice-Upland crop household achieved the lowest. Net income total per Mono Rice crop household was higher than those of Rice-Aquaculture household and Rice-Upland crop household because NI of doing farming and livestock per Mono Rice crop household contributed more than those of Rice-Aquaculture household and Rice-Upland crop household in 2013. In the Rice-Upland crop production group, the family labors correlated positively with the NI of the household. It showed that the NI of the household increased 0.1 million VND when the increment of the family labor was added by one man-day. Investment for material inputs was also correlated with the NI of the household. It illustrated that the NI of the household increased 0.35 million VND when the household increased one million VND for the material inputs in 2013. In Rice-Aquaculture production group, the educational level of the householder correlated well with the NI of the household. It showed that the NI of the household increased 10.37 millions VND when the education of the householder raised one level in 2013. It could be explained that the householder could access with the advanced techniques in the process of farming to produce the good products when he or she reached a certain level of education. Besides, the NI of the household increased 0.09 million VND when the increment of the family labor was supplied by one manday and the NI of the household also increased 27.99 millions VND when the farm land area was enlarged by one hectare in 2013. Source: Household interviewed in 2013 b) Analysis of the factors affecting the net income of the households for mono rice production, rice-upland crop and rice-aquaculture production group For the Mono Rice crop production group, the NI of the household participating in the local associations correlated positively. For instance, the NI of the household who participated in the local associations increased 33.5 millions VND. Moreover, the farmland area was also correlated with the NI of the household. It showed that the NI of the household increased 40.4 millions VND when the farmland was enlarged by one hectare which could be interpreted that the total of production cost reduced from discounting prices of the material inputs when the household bought with a large amount in 2013. Therefore, the more farm land area got more NI. c) The solutions for improvement of the household net income Based on analyzing the main resources of the households and the factors affecting the net income of the households, the solutions for improving the NI of three household groups including the mono rice production, rice-upland crop and rice-aquaculture production groups were recommended such as: The mono rice production households should participate in the local associations and enlarge the farm land area to increase their net incomes. The rice-upland crop production households should optimize using their family labors and invest the material inputs in the production to improve their net incomes. In the rice-aquaculture production households, the educational level of the householders and the family members should be strengthened, the family labors should be used appropriately and the farm land area should be enlarged enough to improve the net incomes of the households. v. # Conclusion The educational and training level of the householders were still low and the farmland area of the households was quite high in three production household groups, in which the farmland per riceaquaculture production household ranged from one to two hectares occupying the highest rate, while the farmland per mono rice production household occupied over two hectares accounting for the highest rate. The main NI of three production household groups was from the agriculture, then, from the non farm activities. The mono rice production households reached the highest in the total of the net income. The householders participating in the local associations and the large scale of the farmland did the increment of the net income in the mono rice production households.The man-day number of the family labors and the investment of the material inputs in the production increased the NI in the rice-upland crop production households. The educational level, the participation of the family labors in the production and the farmland scale helped increasing the NI in the riceaquaculture production households. 1Education of householdersRice-Upland crops householders Number of %Mono Rice crops householders Number of%Rice-Aquaculture householders Number of%Total householders Number of%Illiterate0022,444,862,7Primary school1630,23642,32935,48136,8Secondary school2954,73440,02935,49241,8High School815,11214,11822,03817,3College000011,210,5University0011,211,220,9Total householders of53100,085100,082100,0220100,0Source:Household interviewed in 2013 2Farm landRice-Upland crops No. ofMono Rice crops No. ofRice-Aquaculture No. ofTotal No.ofhouseholds%househols%househols%househols%<1 ha1528,32327,11923,25725,91-2 ha2037,72225,93846,37835,5>2 ha1834,04047,12530,58538,6Household53100,085100.082100,0100,total2200Average of landarea (ha)1,682,251,931,95Source:Household interviewed in 2013 3Source of net income (NI)Rice-Upland crops household AmountMono Rice crops household AmountRice-Aquaculture household AmountTotal Amount(MillionVND)%(MillionVND)%(MillionVND)%(MillionVND))%Farming58,6467,4788,3677,0961,4663,2769,4969.87Livestock4,985,739,498,286,276,456,916,95Non-farm23,3026,8016,7714,6329,4130,2823,0523,18NI total86,92100,00114,62100,0097,14100,0099,45100,00Source:Household interviewed in 2013 4Year 201731Volume XVII Issue I Version IE )(Independent variables Constant X1: Educational level of householder X2: Participating in union (yes, no) X3: Family labors (man-day) X4: Livestock (yes, no)Mono rice household Regression Coefficient Value P -33.354 0.170 13.167 0.232 33.511 0.096 0.074 0.106 5.936 0.792Rice-upland crops household Regression Coefficient Value P 25.238 0.275 -6.172 0.516 8.047 0.541 0.108 0.000 10.612 0.480Rice-aquaculture household Regression Coefficient Value P -0.451 0.980 10.375 0.089 -14.440 0.256 0.090 0.000 2.771 0.810Global Journal of Human Social Science -X5: Investment for material inputs0.0120.9280.3500.0000.0270.733(million VND)X6: Farm land (ha)40.4940.0004.3000.35827.9910.000Observation number855382Sig.F0.0000.0000.000R0.7690.7330.769R 20.5910.5380.591Durbin-Watson2.0252.2192.118 © 2017 Global Journals Inc. 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