@incollection{, 115B60056516B685F7EF3D28D895394C , author={{John R.Slate} and {CynthiaMartinez-Garcia} and {George W.Moore} and {Sam Houston State University}}, journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}}, journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS, address={Cambridge, United States}, publisher={Global Journals Organisation}16102335 } @incollection{b0, , title={{Put reading first: The research building blocks for teaching children to read. Kindergarten through grade 3}} , author={{ BBArmbuster } and { FLehr } and { JOsborn }} , booktitle={{The Partnership for Reading}} Jessup, MD , year={2001} } @incollection{b1, , title={{College-readiness rates in Texas: A statewide, multiyear study of ethnic differences}} , author={{ WBarnes } and { JRSlate }} 10.1177/0013124511423775 , journal={{Education and Urban Society}} 46 , year={2014} } @book{b2, , title={{Reading and reasoning. The Reading Teacher}} , author={{ ILBeck }} , year={1989} 42 } @incollection{b3, , title={{The influence of fidelity of implementation on the reading outcomes of middle school students experiencing reading difficulties}} , author={{ GJBenner } and { JRNelson } and { SAStage } and { NCRalston }} 10.1177/0741932510361265 , journal={{Remedial and Special Education}} 32 , year={2011} } @book{b4, , title={{Socioeconomic status and child development}} , author={{ RHBradley } and { RFCorwyn }} , year={2002} } @incollection{b5, , title={{}} , journal={{Annual Review of Psychology}} 53 } @book{b6, , title={{The mind in action: What it means to comprehend during reading}} , author={{ PV DBroek } and { KEKremer }} , editor={B. M. Taylor, M. E. Graves, & P. V} , year={2000} } @book{b7, , title={{Reading for meaning: Fostering comprehension in the middle grades}} , editor={D.Broek} } @book{b8, , title={{}} , author={{ DENewark }} , publisher={International Reading Association} } @book{b9, , title={{Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences}} , author={{ JCohen }} , year={1988} , publisher={Lawrence Erlbaum} , address={Hillsdale, NJ} , note={2nd ed.} } @incollection{b10, , title={{Race differences in parental influences on child achievement}} , author={{ PEDavis-Kean } and { HRSexton }} , journal={{Merrill-Palmer Quarterly}} 55 , year={2009} } @book{b11, , title={{A glossary of critical thinking terms and concepts: The critical analytic vocabulary of the English language}} , author={{ LElder } and { RPaul }} , year={2013} , publisher={Foundation for Critical Thinking} , address={Tomales, CA} } @book{b12, , title={{Toward a theory of critical thinking. Liberal Education}} , author={{ PAFacione }} , year={1984} 70 } @incollection{b13, , title={{Critical thinking: What it is and why it counts}} , author={{ PAFacione }} , booktitle={{com/Resources/Critical-Thinking-What-It-Is-and-Why-It-Counts}} , year={2015} } @book{b14, , title={{Learning to read or reading to learn: When to intervene}} , author={{ KFeldman }} , year={2015} } @book{b15, , author={{ AField }} , title={{Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics}} Thousand Oaks, CA , publisher={Sage} , year={2013} , note={4th ed.} } @incollection{b16, , title={{Effects of peer-assisted learning strategies on high school students with serious reading problems}} , author={{ LSFuchs } and { DFuchs } and { SKazdan }} , journal={{Remedial and Special Education}} 20 , year={1999} } @book{b17, , title={{Policy Brief for Literacy Challenges for the 21st Century}} , author={{ SGoldman }} , year={2012} 22 , note={Adolescent literacy: Learning and understanding content} } @book{b18, , author={{ KLGrimm }} , title={{Longitudinal associations between reading and mathematics achievement}} , year={2008} } @incollection{b19, , title={{}} doi: 10. 1080 , journal={{Developmental Neuropsychology}} 33 3 5640801982486 } @incollection{b20, , title={{Another inconvenient truth: Race and ethnicity}} , author={{ WDHawley } and { SNeito }} , journal={{Educational Leadership}} , year={2010. November 2010} } @incollection{b21, , title={{Research on families, schools and communities}} , author={{ NMHildago } and { S-FSui } and { JLEpstein }} , booktitle={{Handbook of research on multicultural education}} , editor={ JA A MBanks & C Banks } San Francisco, CA , publisher={Jossey-Bass} , year={2004} , note={2nd ed.} } @book{b22, , title={{Toward a new classification of nonexperimental quantitative research. Educational Researcher}} , author={{ BJohnson }} doi: 10. 3102/ 0013 189 X030002003 , year={2001} 30 } @book{b23, , title={{Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches}} , author={{ BJohnson } and { LChristensen }} , year={2012} , publisher={Sage} , address={Thousand Oaks, CA} } @incollection{b24, , title={{Adolescents can respond to intervention too: Programs that have promise for teaching basic reading skills to middle and high school students. School Psychology Forum}} , author={{ JosephL M }} , journal={{Research in Practice}} 2 3 , year={2008} } @book{b25, , title={{An analysis of the use of critical thinking skills in reading and language arts instruction. Reading Improvement}} , author={{ CLaw } and { JAKaufhold }} , year={2009} 46 } @book{b26, , title={{Racial and ethnic achievement gap trends: Reversing the progress toward equity? Educational Researcher}} , author={{ JLee }} doi: 10. 3102/ 0013189X031001003 , year={2002} 31 } @incollection{b27, , title={{Developing higher level thinking}} , author={{ BLimbach } and { WWaugh }} , journal={{Journal of Instructional Pedagogies}} 3 , year={2010} } @book{b28, , title={{Latent difference score structural models for linear dynamic analyses with incomplete longitudinal data}} , author={{ JJMcardle } and { FHamagami }} , year={2001} } @book{b29, , title={{New methods for the analysis of change}} , editor={ LIn &ACollins Sayer } Washington, DC , publisher={American Psychological Association} } @incollection{b30, , title={{Effects of reading fluency intervention for middle schoolers with specific learning disabilities}} , author={{ CDMercer } and { KUCampbell } and { MDMiller } and { KMercer } and { HLane }} , journal={{Learning Disabilities Research & Practice}} 15 , year={2000} } @incollection{b31, , title={{Uses and misuses of the correlation coefficient}} , author={{ AJOnwuegbuzie } and { LGDaniel }} , journal={{Research in the Schools}} 9 1 , year={2002} } @book{b32, , title={{The widening academic achievement gap between the rich and the poor: New evidence and possible explanations}} , author={{ SFReardon }} , year={2011} , note={R} } @book{b33, , title={{Whither opportunity? Rising inequality and the uncertain life chances of low-income children}} , editor={Murnane & G. Duncan} , publisher={Russell Sage Foundation Press} , address={New York, NY} } @book{b34, , title={{The Hispanic-White achievement gap in math and reading in the elementary grades}} , author={{ SFReardon } and { CGalindo }} , year={2008} , address={Stanford, CA} Institute for Research on Education Policy & Practice } @book{b35, , title={{Patterns and trends in racial academic achievement gaps among states}} , author={{ SFReardon } and { RAValentino } and { DKalogrides } and { KAShores } and { EHGreenberg }} , year={2013. 1999-2011} } @book{b36, , title={{Patterns of literacy among U.S. students. The Future of Children}} , author={{ SFReardon } and { RAValentino } and { KAShores }} , year={2012} 22 } @incollection{b37, , title={{Helping older struggling readers}} , author={{ TSalinger }} , journal={{Preventing School Failure}} 47 2 , year={2003} } @book{b38, , title={{Preventing reading difficulties in young children}} , author={{ CESnow } and { SMBurns } and { Griffin }} , editor={P.} , year={1998} } @incollection{b39, , title={{Academic Excellence Indicator System archives}} , journal={{Texas Education Agency}} , year={2005. 2007. 2009. 2011. 2012} , publisher={Texas Education Agency} Texas Education Agency , note={Academic Excellence Indicator System archives} } @book{b40, , title={{Texas Academic Performance Reports}} , year={2013} } @book{b41, , title={{Texas Academic Performance Reports}} , year={2014} } @book{b42, , title={{TAKS blueprint for English Language Arts Grade 10 and Grade 11 Exit Level}} , year={2002} Texas Education Agency Curriculum Assessment, and Technology. } @incollection{b43, , booktitle={{TAKS information booklet: Exit Level English Language Arts. Texas Education Agency}} , year={2004} } @book{b44, , title={{NAEP trends in academic progress}} , year={2000} , address={Washington, DC} U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics ; U.S. Department of Education } @book{b45, , title={{Achievement gaps: How Hispanic and White students in public schools perform in mathematics and reading on the National Assessment of Educational Progress}} , year={2011} , address={Washington, DC} U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. ; U.S. Department of Education } @incollection{b46, , title={{No Child Left Behind: A toolkit for teachers}} , journal={{Office of the Under Secretary}} , year={2003} U.S. Department of Education } @book{b47, , title={{Subtractive schooling}} , author={{ AValenzuela }} , year={1999} , address={Albany, NY} State University of New York Press } @incollection{b48, , title={{Differences in critical-thinking skills for Texas middle school students as a function of economic disadvantage}} , author={{ LAWright } and { JRSlate }} , journal={{Journal of Education Research}} , year={2015} } @book{b49, , title={{Problem-based learning on students' critical thinking skills in teaching business}} , author={{ MNZabit }} , year={2010} }