@incollection{,
	
					
					
					18E2C49A6C9ECA984A990F5B53E9CE95
				,
	author={{Dr. Azmat AliShah} and {Dr. M. ZubairKhan} and {Gomal University D.I.Khan}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}},
	journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1521520
}

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		,
	title={{Habermas and the Public Sphere}}
		,
	author={{
			CraigCalhoun
		}}
		
			,
	year={1992}
			,
	publisher={MIT Press}
			,
	address={Cambridge, MA}
		
	

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Press, Public Opinion, and Public Discourse}}
		,
	author={{
			JCarey
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Public Opinion and the Communication of Consent}}
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	editor={
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	year={1995}
		
	

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@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{The new public sphere: Global civil society, communication networks, and global governance}}
		,
	author={{
			ManuelCastells
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		,
	journal={{ANNALS}}
		
			616
			,
	year={March, 2008}
			,
	publisher={AAPSS}
		
	

}

@incollection{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{Transcending Borders? Reassessing Public Spheres in a}}
		,
	author={{
			AngelaMCrack
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Networked World. Globalizations}}
		
			4
			3
			,
	year={September, 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{The internet and democratic Discourse. Information}}
		,
	author={{
			LincolnDahlberg
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Communication & Society}}
		
			4
			4
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@book{b5,
	
	
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	title={{Defiant Publics: The Unprecedented Reach of the Global Citizen}}
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	author={{
			DanielDrache
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	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Crisis of the State in a}}
		,
	author={{
			YaleHFerguson
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Globalizing World. Globalizations}}
		
			3
			1
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Dynamics of Protest Recruitment through an Online Network}}
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	author={{
			SGonzalez-Bailon
		} and {
			JBorge-Holthoefer
		} and {
			ARivero
		} and {
			YMoreno
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Scientific Reports}}
		
			1
			,
	year={2011. 197}
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Public sphere: An encyclopedia article}}
		,
	author={{
			JurgenHabermas
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{New German Critique}}
		
			3
			,
	year={1974}
		
	

}

@book{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Social information technology: Connection society and cultural issues}}
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	author={{
			NHara
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			PShachaf
		}}
		
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	editor={I. Chen & T. Kidd}
		
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	year={2008}
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	address={Hershey , PA}
		
	
	,
	note={Online peace movement organizations: A comparative analysis. Idea Group}

}

@book{b10,
	
	
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	title={{The Global Transformation Reader}}
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	author={{
			DavidHeld
		}}
		
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	year={2003}
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	publisher={Polity}
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	address={Cambridge}
		
	
	,
	note={2nd edition}

}

@book{b11,
	
	
		
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	title={{Statistics/Documents/facts/ICTFacts Figures2013-e.pdf. Accessed on}}
				
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	year={2013. May 02. 2014}
		
		
			ITU
		
	
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	note={ICT Facts and Figures}

}

@book{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Planting the Knowledge Seed: Adapting to Climate Change Using ICTS}}
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	author={{
			PatrickPKalas
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			AlanFinlay
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	year={2009. February 23. 2012}
		
	
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	note={Building communication opportunities (BCO) alliance. Retrieved}

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@book{b13,
	
	
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	title={{Globalization, nationstate, and global security arrangements}}
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	author={{
			MykolaKapitonenko
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	year={2009. 2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Diminishing Digital Divide: Dynamics & Implications}}
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	author={{
			MZKhan
		}}
	
	
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	journal={{Acta Universitatis Danubius}}
		
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			2
			
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	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Apathetic Public Turns Participatory: Dynamics & Implication}}
		,
	author={{
			MZKhan
		}}
	
	
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	journal={{International Journal of Research in Social Sciences}}
		
			4
			1
			,
	year={2014a}
		
	
	,
	note={Romania}

}

@book{b16,
	
	
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	title={{Turbo-Capitalism: Winners and Losers in the Global Economy}}
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	author={{
			EdwardNLuttwak
		}}
		
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	year={2000}
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	publisher={Harper Perennial}
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	title={{Globalization of technology -Imagine the possibilities Socioeconomic, political and cultural implications and thought leadership Proceedings of The}}
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	author={{
			ManiManivannan
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	booktitle={{IAJC-IJME International Conference}}
				
			,
	year={2008. 2008}
		
	
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	note={Paper 112, IT 302}

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@incollection{b18,
	
	
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	title={{The Internet and US Communication Policy-Making in Historical and Critical Perspective}}
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	author={{
			RMcchesney
		}}
	
	
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	journal={{Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication}}
		
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			4
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@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Right to Information in International Human Rights Law}}
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	author={{
			MaeveMcdonagh
		}}
		
	
	
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	journal={{Human Rights Law Review}}
		
			13
			1
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{From the digital divide to the democratic divide: Internet skills, politicalinterest, and the second-level digital divide in political internet use}}
		,
	author={{
			Seong-JaeMin
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of International Technology & Politics}}
		
			7
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@book{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{From Arab Street to Social Movements: Re-theorizing Collective Action and the Role of Social Media in the Arab Spring}}
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	author={{
			MohamedMoussa
		} and {
			Ben
		}}
		
		,
	editor={24. N. Hachigian, & L. Wu}
		
			,
	year={2013. 2003}
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	publisher={RAND Corporation}
			,
	address={Santa Monica, CA}
		
	
	,
	note={The Information Revolution in Asia}

}

@incollection{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{E-learning experiences of Advanced States, Developing countries and Pakistan}}
		,
	author={{
			AllahNawaz
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Universal Journal of Education and General Studies}}
		
			1
			3
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{The virtual sphere, The internet as a public sphere}}
		,
	author={{
			ZiziPapacharissi
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{New media & society}}
				
			,
	year={2002}
			4
		
	

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Economic Impacts of ICT}}
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	author={{
			JReenen
		} and {
			Van
		}}
		
	
	
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	journal={{European Commission Final Project Report}}
		
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Political Power of Social Media}}
		,
	author={{
			ClayShirky
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Foreign Affairs}}
		
			90
			,
	year={2011. Jan/Feb}
		
	

}

@incollection{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation}}
		
			12
			,
	year={2011. April 2012}
		
	
	,
	note={State of Civil Society}

}

@book{b27,
	
	
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	author={{
			PeterJTaylor
		}}
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	title={{The New Geography of Global Civil Society: NGOs in the World City Network. Globalizations}}
				
			,
	year={2004}
			1
		
	

}

@incollection{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{Interpreting Global Civil Society}}
		,
	author={{
			RupertTaylor
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations}}
				
			,
	year={2002}
			13
		
	

}

@book{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{Civilization: A Pathway to Peace? Globalizations}}
		,
	author={{
			MajidTehranian
		}}
		
			,
	year={September, 2004}
			1
		
	

}

@book{b30,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			MedihaTezcan
		}}
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	title={{The Role of Education and ICT in Economy. International Conference on Human and Economic Resources}}
				Izmir
		
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@book{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
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	author={{
			GerolfWeigel
		} and {
			DanieleWaldburger
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@book{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{ICT4D -Connecting People For A Better World}}
		
	

}

@book{b33,
	
	
		
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	title={{Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and Global Knowledge Partnership (GKP)}}
				Berne, Switzerland
		
			,
	year={2004. May 27. 2012}
		
	

}