\documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article}\makeatletter \IfFileExists{xcolor.sty}% {\RequirePackage{xcolor}}% {\RequirePackage{color}} \usepackage{colortbl} \usepackage{wrapfig} \usepackage{ifxetex} \ifxetex \usepackage{fontspec} \usepackage{xunicode} \catcode`⃥=\active \def⃥{\textbackslash} \catcode`❴=\active \def❴{\{} \catcode`❵=\active \def❵{\}} \def\textJapanese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK JP}} \def\textChinese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK SC}} \def\textKorean{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK KR}} \setmonofont{DejaVu Sans Mono} \else \IfFileExists{utf8x.def}% {\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} \PrerenderUnicode{–} }% {\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage{float} \usepackage[]{ucs} \uc@dclc{8421}{default}{\textbackslash } \uc@dclc{10100}{default}{\{} \uc@dclc{10101}{default}{\}} \uc@dclc{8491}{default}{\AA{}} \uc@dclc{8239}{default}{\,} \uc@dclc{20154}{default}{ } \uc@dclc{10148}{default}{>} \def\textschwa{\rotatebox{-90}{e}} \def\textJapanese{} \def\textChinese{} \IfFileExists{tipa.sty}{\usepackage{tipa}}{} \fi \def\exampleFont{\ttfamily\small} \DeclareTextSymbol{\textpi}{OML}{25} \usepackage{relsize} \RequirePackage{array} \def\@testpach{\@chclass \ifnum \@lastchclass=6 \@ne \@chnum \@ne \else \ifnum \@lastchclass=7 5 \else \ifnum \@lastchclass=8 \tw@ \else \ifnum \@lastchclass=9 \thr@@ \else \z@ \ifnum \@lastchclass = 10 \else \edef\@nextchar{\expandafter\string\@nextchar}% \@chnum \if \@nextchar c\z@ \else \if \@nextchar l\@ne \else \if \@nextchar r\tw@ \else \z@ \@chclass \if\@nextchar |\@ne \else \if \@nextchar !6 \else \if \@nextchar @7 \else \if \@nextchar (8 \else \if \@nextchar )9 \else 10 \@chnum \if \@nextchar m\thr@@\else \if \@nextchar p4 \else \if \@nextchar b5 \else \z@ \@chclass \z@ \@preamerr \z@ \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi} \gdef\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr} \def\@textsubscript#1{{\m@th\ensuremath{_{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@#1}}}}} \def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}} \def\abbr{} \def\corr{} \def\expan{} \def\gap{} \def\orig{} \def\reg{} \def\ref{} \def\sic{} \def\persName{}\def\name{} \def\placeName{} \def\orgName{} \def\textcal#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Calligraphy}#1}} \def\textgothic#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Blackletter}#1}} \def\textlarge#1{{\large #1}} \def\textoverbar#1{\ensuremath{\overline{#1}}} \def\textquoted#1{‘#1’} \def\textsmall#1{{\small #1}} \def\textsubscript#1{\@textsubscript{\selectfont#1}} \def\textxi{\ensuremath{\xi}} \def\titlem{\itshape} \newenvironment{biblfree}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi } \newenvironment{bibl}{}{} \newenvironment{byline}{\vskip6pt\itshape\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont}{\par } \newenvironment{citbibl}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi } \newenvironment{docAuthor}{\ifvmode\vskip4pt\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont\fi\itshape}{\ifvmode\par\fi } \newenvironment{docDate}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi } \newenvironment{docImprint}{\vskip 6pt}{\ifvmode\par\fi } \newenvironment{docTitle}{\vskip6pt\bfseries\fontsize{22pt}{25pt}\selectfont}{\par } \newenvironment{msHead}{\vskip 6pt}{\par} \newenvironment{msItem}{\vskip 6pt}{\par} \newenvironment{rubric}{}{} \newenvironment{titlePart}{}{\par } \newcolumntype{L}[1]{){\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}} \newcolumntype{C}[1]{){\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}} \newcolumntype{R}[1]{){\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{#1}} \newcolumntype{P}[1]{){\arraybackslash}p{#1}} \newcolumntype{B}[1]{){\arraybackslash}b{#1}} \newcolumntype{M}[1]{){\arraybackslash}m{#1}} \definecolor{label}{gray}{0.75} \def\unusedattribute#1{\sout{\textcolor{label}{#1}}} \DeclareRobustCommand*{\xref}{\hyper@normalise\xref@} \def\xref@#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{#1}} \begingroup \catcode`\_=\active \gdef_#1{\ensuremath{\sb{\mathrm{#1}}}} \endgroup \mathcode`\_=\string"8000 \catcode`\_=12\relax \usepackage[a4paper,twoside,lmargin=1in,rmargin=1in,tmargin=1in,bmargin=1in,marginparwidth=0.75in]{geometry} \usepackage{framed} \definecolor{shadecolor}{gray}{0.95} \usepackage{longtable} \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} \usepackage{fancyvrb} \usepackage{fancyhdr} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{marginnote} \renewcommand{\@cite}[1]{#1} \renewcommand*{\marginfont}{\itshape\footnotesize} \def\Gin@extensions{.pdf,.png,.jpg,.mps,.tif} \pagestyle{fancy} \usepackage[pdftitle={Impact of Microcredit on Agricultural Development in District Mastung Balochistan: A Case Study of Balochistan Rural Support Programme (BRSP) Pakistan}, pdfauthor={}]{hyperref} \hyperbaseurl{} \paperwidth210mm \paperheight297mm \def\@pnumwidth{1.55em} \def\@tocrmarg {2.55em} \def\@dotsep{4.5} \setcounter{tocdepth}{3} \clubpenalty=8000 \emergencystretch 3em \hbadness=4000 \hyphenpenalty=400 \pretolerance=750 \tolerance=2000 \vbadness=4000 \widowpenalty=10000 \renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}% {-1.75ex \@plus -0.5ex \@minus -.2ex}% {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}% {\reset@font\Large\bfseries}} \renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}% {-1.75ex\@plus -0.5ex \@minus- .2ex}% {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}% {\reset@font\Large}} \renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}% {-1.5ex\@plus -0.35ex \@minus -.2ex}% {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}% {\reset@font\large}} \renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}% {-1ex \@plus-0.35ex \@minus -0.2ex}% {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}% {\reset@font\normalsize}} \renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}% {1.5ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}% {-1em}% {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}} \def\l@section#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty} \addvspace{1.0em plus 1pt} \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth \bfseries \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par \endgroup} \def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}} \def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}} \def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}} \def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}} \@ifundefined{c@section}{\newcounter{section}}{} \@ifundefined{c@chapter}{\newcounter{chapter}}{} \newif\if@mainmatter \@mainmattertrue \def\chaptername{Chapter} \def\frontmatter{% \pagenumbering{roman} \def\thechapter{\@roman\c@chapter} \def\theHchapter{\roman{chapter}} \def\thesection{\@roman\c@section} \def\theHsection{\roman{section}} \def\@chapapp{}% } \def\mainmatter{% \cleardoublepage \def\thechapter{\@arabic\c@chapter} \setcounter{chapter}{0} \setcounter{section}{0} \pagenumbering{arabic} \setcounter{secnumdepth}{6} \def\@chapapp{\chaptername}% \def\theHchapter{\arabic{chapter}} \def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section} \def\theHsection{\arabic{section}} } \def\backmatter{% \cleardoublepage \setcounter{chapter}{0} \setcounter{section}{0} \setcounter{secnumdepth}{2} \def\@chapapp{\appendixname}% \def\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter} \def\theHchapter{\Alph{chapter}} \appendix } \newenvironment{bibitemlist}[1]{% \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}% {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}% \leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \@openbib@code \usecounter{enumiv}% \let\p@enumiv\@empty \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}% }% \sloppy \clubpenalty4000 \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty \widowpenalty4000% \sfcode`\.\@m}% {\def\@noitemerr {\@latex@warning{Empty `bibitemlist' environment}}% \endlist} \def\tableofcontents{\section*{\contentsname}\@starttoc{toc}} \parskip0pt \parindent1em \def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}} \newenvironment{reflist}{% \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{} {% \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}% \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}% \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}% \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}% \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}% \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}% \def\makelabel##1{\itshape ##1}}% } {\end{list}\end{raggedright}} \newenvironment{sansreflist}{% \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{} {% \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}% \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}% \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}% \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}% \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}% \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}% \def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}% } {\end{list}\end{raggedright}} \newenvironment{specHead}[2]% {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}% \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}% \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}% \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}% }{} \def\TheFullDate{2015-03-15 (revised: 15 March 2015)} \def\TheID{\makeatother } \def\TheDate{2015-03-15} \title{Impact of Microcredit on Agricultural Development in District Mastung Balochistan: A Case Study of Balochistan Rural Support Programme (BRSP) Pakistan} \author{}\makeatletter \makeatletter \newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{% \clearpage \if@twoside \ifodd\c@page \hbox{}\newpage \if@twocolumn \hbox{}\newpage \fi \fi \fi } \makeatother \makeatletter \thispagestyle{empty} \markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author} \renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 2\p@ plus1\p@ minus1\p@ \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@ \itemsep 1pt} } \makeatother \fvset{frame=single,numberblanklines=false,xleftmargin=5mm,xrightmargin=5mm} \fancyhf{} \setlength{\headheight}{14pt} \fancyhead[LE]{\bfseries\leftmark} \fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\rightmark} \fancyfoot[RO]{} \fancyfoot[CO]{\thepage} \fancyfoot[LO]{\TheID} \fancyfoot[LE]{} \fancyfoot[CE]{\thepage} \fancyfoot[RE]{\TheID} \hypersetup{citebordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,linkbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,urlbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,bookmarksnumbered=true} \fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}} \date{} \usepackage{authblk} \providecommand{\keywords}[1] { \footnotesize \textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1 } \usepackage{graphicx,xcolor} \definecolor{GJBlue}{HTML}{273B81} \definecolor{GJLightBlue}{HTML}{0A9DD9} \definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70} \definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} \renewenvironment{abstract}{% \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space} }{% \vskip8pt \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt } \usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos} \makeatother \usepackage{lineno} \linenumbers \begin{document} \author[1]{Sanaullah Noonari} \affil[1]{ Sindh Agriculture University} \renewcommand\Authands{ and } \date{\small \em Received: 9 February 2015 Accepted: 5 March 2015 Published: 15 March 2015} \maketitle \begin{abstract} Balochistan Rural Support Programme (BRSP) is a non-governmental organization working in rural areas of Balochistan province since 1983. Its head office is situated in Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan, sub-office is located in Islamabad, and a number of district offices are located in various districts of Balochistan. It is clear that majority of the respondents 90 percent of the sample were male and 10 percent were females in district Mastung Balochistan. The respondents 86.66 percent had availed the loan facility only for once and that too for the first time. 11.66 percent had availed this facility twice and only 11.66 percent of them took loan three times. The respondents 40.00% were 25000, 16.66% were 40000.00, 20.00% were 50000.00, 13.33% were 60000.00 and 10.00% were above 80000.00 rupees amount loans. 30.00% were get for seed, 23.33% were Pesticide, 26.66% were Fertilizer and 16.66% were Others purposes. \end{abstract} \keywords{BRSP, impact of microcredit, agricultural development.} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}} \end{textblock*} \let\tabcellsep& \par strategy for poverty reduction is to promote the productive use of farm inputs. This can be done by creating opportunities for raising agricultural productivity among small and marginalized farmers. Microcredit is particularly relevant to increasing productivity of rural economy, especially agricultural productivity in such an environment where economic growth is occurring, microcredit also has the capacity to transmit the benefits of growth more rapidly and more equitably through the informal sector. It is well documented that for many small scale farmers, lack of access to financial services is a critical constraint for the establishment or expansion of viable agricultural enterprises. Microcredit may enable small and marginalized farmers to purchase the inputs they need to increase their productivity, as well as financing a range of activities adding value to agricultural output. However, much remains to be done, to integrate microcredit institutions fully into the mainstream of rural financial systems and for commercial banks to recognize their full potential \hyperref[b57]{(Nosiru et al. 2010)}.\par Rural financial market facilities the economic growth and rural poverty reduction through smooth financial intermediation. Financial intermediary's help to mobilize funds, channel them from surplus units to the deficit units create money and smoother the payment system. The efficient provision of loans, deposits, payments, and insurance service encourages rural entrepreneurship and help to rural economy to grow. Presence of financial services helps to rural economy to grow and reduce the poverty. Access to working capital can substantially accelerate the adaptation of modern agricultural technologies and production and thereby improving the ability of the rural sector to meet then subsistence need of the poor. It also helps to produce the surplus in primary and intermediary products required for urban consumption, export, and avoid environmental degradation {\ref (World Bank, 2003)}.\par Access to finance is a crucial issue in the productivity of agriculture in Bangladesh. If the farmers in Bangladesh are categorized based on land ownership, then we will find that most of the farmers are either marginal farmer or land less farmers producing crop by taking land lease from the affluent people. So, sometimes it is extremely difficult for the marginal farmers to get access to credit as the credits are not collateral free. The lack of deposit facilities force households to rely on inefficient and costly alternatives. The lack of access to medium-and long-term finance inhibits investment by a majority of small and marginal agricultural households in Bangladesh. This inadequate fund of marginal farmers has negative impact on the agricultural productivity of the whole country. In addition capitalists groups are reluctant to invest on agriculture as return from investing is double/triple in other sectors compared to agriculture. Micro credit has been successful in reaching the rural poor with credit for self-employment, supporting women's empowerment and significantly contributing to poverty alleviation. Nevertheless, micro credit has only had a marginal impact in the agriculture sector as microfinance institutions (MFIs), to a great extent, limit their lending to those possessing less than half an acre of land (the functionally landless). Poor farmers' access to agricultural credit remains very limited. They are usually missed by regular credit facilities. As a result marginal and small farmers are frequently termed as "missing middle" {\ref (Raman et al. 1995)}.\par Micro Finance Institution loans are used for agricultural production, trading, processing and transport, resulting in an increase in the use of agricultural inputs and increased output of agricultural production. This leads to enhanced employment opportunities in these sectors for the wider community and reduction in the prices of such products due to increased supply. They also state that trading activities financed by MFIs can help to establish new marketing links and increase the income of traders, and this can lead to reduced migration due to increased employment opportunities and increased income \hyperref[b93]{(Zohir et al. 2004}).\par The initiative primarily aimed at developing the socioeconomic condition of poor rural areas of Balochistan. Later in 1991, it was transformed into a company limited and a non-profit organization named as "Balochistan Rural Support Programme" under the new organizational and administrative structures. Prosperous Balochistan where people especially the poor and women are provided with equal livelihood opportunities are not socially and economically excluded. To harness potential of the rural poor to help themselves, assume control of local development and improve their standard of living. consumer finance companies can offer a wide range of financial products. In between stand financial Nongovernment Organizations (NGOs), self-help groups, small cooperatives and credit unions. Formal services such as microfinance cannot replace loans from friends, relatives, friends, and moneylenders but they do complement them and enable the liquidity constrained rural population to access a wider range of financial services. Microfinance emerged as a noble substitute for informal credit and is considered to be a powerful instrument for poverty alleviation among people who are economically active but financially constrained {\ref (Murdoch et al. 2002)}.\par In order to improve farmers' conditions, there is a need to improve the agricultural production of their farms. Increase in agricultural production will enhance the demand for inputs but the majority of farmers lack financial resources for adopting agricultural innovations. Rural credit in the form of loans, cash or commodity is the only alternative left for the farmers' improvement purpose. Different institutions are providing credit for agriculture. These institutions are commercial banks, provincial co-operative banks, other provincial cooperative societies, central co-operative banks, agricultural co-operative societies, Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL), Khushali Bank, governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) like Aga Khan Rural Support Program(AKRSP), National Rural Support Program(NRSP) and Punjab Rural Support Program(PRSP) \hyperref[b31]{(Jaffar et al. 2006)}.\par Microfinance (MF) has become a buzzword among the development practioners. The term 'microfinance' means providing very poor families with very small loans (microcredit) to help them engage in productive activities or develops their tiny businesses (The Microfinance Gateway, 2008). According to the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), microfinance is the supply of loans, savings and other basic financial services to the poor, including working capital loans, consumer credit, pensions, insurance and money transfer services. Similarly, \hyperref[b25]{Hossain (2002)} defines MF as, the practice of offering small, collateral free loans to members of cooperatives who otherwise would not have access to the capital necessary to begin small business or other income generating activities. The term 'microfinance' is often used in a much narrower sense, referring principally to microcredit delivered through NGOs for tiny informal business of micro-entrepreneurs {\ref (Christen et al. 2003)}. \section[{Objectives}]{Objectives}\par The general objective of this study was: 1. To investigate the impact of BRSP micro credit scheme on agricultural development. 2. To study the role of micro credit in increasing agricultural production in the study area.\par 3. To examine the appropriate utilization of micro credit.\par II. \section[{Materials and Methods}]{Materials and Methods}\par This chapter includes information regarding methods and techniques used to conduct this study. The chapter discusses the details about the study design and how it was carried out. The present research study was all the agricultural credit borrowers of district Mastung who received micro-credit from BRSP for agricultural purpose only. \section[{a) Population}]{a) Population}\par Balochistan Rural Support Program (BRSP) is working in the Mastung district consists of three tehsils? Dasht ? Kardigap ? Mastung\par The targeted population of this study consisted of the micro-credit borrowers of tehsils Mastung, Dasht and Kardigap who borrowed loan from BRSP for agricultural purpose from January 2010 to April 2014. There were total 60 agricultural credit borrowers in the above mentioned Tehsils, who borrowed loan from BRSP for their agricultural purpose in the above said period. The population of the study was homogenous as all of them borrowed loan from BRSP only for agriculture purpose. Majority of the population were having poor economic conditions. Population of the present study had also the similar characteristics of belonging to rural background, low level of education and agricultural occupation. \section[{b) Sample}]{b) Sample}\par The present study aimed to be conducted in district Mustang. Therefore to get a representative sample, the researcher applied stratified simple random sampling technique to collect the data from Tehsil Mastung, Dasht and Kardigap. This technique was followed to ensure equal participation of all the strata of the population. \section[{c) Sample Size}]{c) Sample Size}\par It was a survey study and stratified simple random sampling technique was considered suitable to make the sample size representative and for the better generalization of the sample results over the population. According to \hyperref[b21]{Gay (2010)} that the bigger is the population then smaller will be the sample. The population of the study was 60 respondents therefore the respondents were considered appropriate for representation of the sample. There were 20 microcredit borrowers in Tehsils Mustung who borrowed loan form BRSP for agricultural purpose. In Dasht from 20 respondents were selected in the sampling frame. While\par The researcher used survey method to carry out this research study. Keeping in mind the sample size and scope of the present study the survey method was best to be used to collect data from the large pool of cases. \section[{e) Type of Study}]{e) Type of Study}\par There are two types of studies qualitative and quantitative studies. The Present study is quantitative in nature. This study is conducted by using the quantitative methods and procedures. The study focused on investigating the core research question and verification of proposed hypothesis. As the quantitative research is based on specific to general approach, so this study also aimed to examine the specific objectives and then generalizing the results over the population through making inferences from the sample. Therefore survey was conducted to measure the impact of BRSP Microcredit scheme on the agricultural development. \section[{f) Tool for Data Collection}]{f) Tool for Data Collection}\par A close ended structured questionnaire was developed to collect data from the respondents. \section[{g) Interview Questionnaire}]{g) Interview Questionnaire}\par Close ended structured questionnaire is a quantitative tool of data collection, which was advocated by Emile Durkheim {\ref (1858 -1917)}. It is mostly used in survey method to collect data from large number of cases. It is a positivist research method. It includes the low level of involvement of the researcher and high level of involvement of the respondents. A close ended questionnaire is a series of questions asked to individuals to obtain statistically useful information about a given topic. With proper formulation and responsibly administered, structured questionnaires become a useful tool to collect data by which statements can be made about specific groups or people or whole population. So a close ended structured questionnaire was developed for the data collection of the present study. The researcher conducted face to face interviews with each respondent to fill up the questionnaires. It increases not only the accuracy of given information but also assures the high response rate. \section[{h) Aspects Related to Contents}]{h) Aspects Related to Contents}\par ? The wording of questions was easy and to the point so that the respondent could easily understand the questions and answer them in a better way. ? Close ended questions were asked so that the respondents do not lose focus of the topic. ? Simple language was used so that respondents could understand and answer the questions to meet the objectives of the study. \section[{i) Aspects Related to Lay out}]{i) Aspects Related to Lay out}\par The questionnaire was divided into following parts 1. Includes the general profile of the respondents 2. Measures agricultural development 3. Measures the economic impact of micro-credit on the borrowers 4. Includes collecting information regarding impact of micro-credit on living standard of the borrowers 5. Includes information about procedures and process of BRSP micro-credit program. \section[{j) Pre Testing and Validity of the Questionnaire}]{j) Pre Testing and Validity of the Questionnaire}\par Pre testing is a method to check whether the tool for data collection is reliable and validate to meet the research's objectives. It is applied on the smaller unit of the sample. Prior to conducting the actual field work and data collection the instrument of data collection was tested to check the accuracy and how well the instrument is measuring the objectives of the research. The pre-testing was done on 05 respondents of the sample. General discussion were done with the respondents in pre testing phase to make the questionnaire more reliable and valid according the objectives of the study. Further minor changes were made after consultation with the supervisor, District Manager, BRSP and with seniors in the field of research under consideration. A large number of studies regarding the subject matter have been read by the researcher to construct the validated questionnaire. Through the information collected after pre-testing the questionnaire regarding times of getting loan, utilization of amount, methods adopted for crop production and agricultural production were modified in and finalized for the actual study and data collection. The district manager BRSP also helped in the modification of questionnaire and those suggestions were incorporated in finalizing the questionnaire. \section[{k) Data Collection and Field Experiences}]{k) Data Collection and Field Experiences}\par The data was collected in one month. The researcher first contacted the District Manager, BRSP for the field work and data collection. Before starting the data collection in field; permission was taken from the District Manager, BRSP. He was also briefed regarding the research project. The District Manager appointed social organizers of each Tehsil for the assistance of researcher in the data collection. The researcher personally went to the each respondent and filled up the questionnaire through face to face interviews with them. In the first place the informed consent was taken from the respondents. Secondly they were briefed about the purpose and objective of the research. Thirdly they were given full choice not to answer any question. The researcher faced many issues during the data collection process. Firstly the population was quite scattered and study was aimed at the district level so it was quite hectic and time taking process. Secondly at times respondents were not available on the site so the researcher had to contact them again. Thirdly it was quite difficult to get information from the female respondents. They were quite hesitant and reluctant. researcher had to explain them the questions in detail. It was also observed that they were little bit unhappy due to low amount of loan offered. The inhabitants of the study area were belonging to the rural areas with low socioeconomic conditions. The majority of the people were involved in the agricultural activities. In many villages of the area women were participating in the agricultural activities. \section[{Global Journal of Human Social Science}]{Global Journal of Human Social Science} \section[{l) Method of Data Analysis}]{l) Method of Data Analysis}\par Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.0. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to examine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. In the first place the impact of micro-credit on agricultural production, economic status and living standard of the borrowers was described by using graphs and frequency tables with their interpretation. Secondly Chi square test was applied to test the association among the variables and to make inferences form the sample. The first section of the analysis includes interpretation of the frequency tables and graphs. The second section includes the results and interpretation of the chi square test. \section[{III.}]{III.} \section[{Results}]{Results}\par Analysis and interpretation of data are the most important step in scientific research. Without these steps generalization and prediction cannot be achieved which is the target of scientific research. Generalization and conclusion are drawn on the basis of characteristics and attitudes of the respondents. Table-4 it is clear that majority of the respondents 70.00 percent were married, 22 percent were single and 8 percent were widow/widower in district Mastung Balochistan . Table-6 shows that majority of the respondents 68.33 percent had agriculture as source of their family income followed by labour 15.00 percent, business 8.33 percent, private job 5.00 percent and government job 3.33 percent. Table-11 it is clear that majority of the respondents 40.00\% were 25000, 16.66\% were 40000.00, 20.00\% were 50000.00, 13.33\% were 60000.00 and 10.00\% were above 80000.00 rupees amount loans. shows that respondents were inquired about the procedure of getting loan in which majority of the respondents i.e. 56.66\% responded that it was easy to great extent. \hyperref[b33]{36}.66\% responded that it was easy to some extent and 6.66\% responded that it was say not at all. \section[{a) Sex of respondents}]{a) Sex of respondents} \section[{e) Housing conditions of respondents}]{e) Housing conditions of respondents} \section[{g) Source of information BRSP}]{g) Source of information BRSP} \section[{l) Purpose of Loan by the respondents}]{l) Purpose of Loan by the respondents} \section[{t) Behaviors of BRSP Staff with the Respondents Table 20 : Percentage distribution of respondent's satisfaction regarding behavior of BRSP staff during getting microcredit facility}]{t) Behaviors of BRSP Staff with the Respondents Table 20 : Percentage distribution of respondent's satisfaction regarding behavior of BRSP staff during getting microcredit facility}\par Table-20 shows that 66.66\% respondents responded that the behavior of the BRSP staff was satisfactory to great extents. 26.66\% respondents said that the BRSP staff behavior was satisfactory to some extent and 6.66\% say not at all. Due to polite behavior of the staff it was easy for the respondents to negotiate and discuss with them regarding loan procedures. \section[{u) Mode of Receiving the Loan Amount}]{u) Mode of Receiving the Loan Amount}\par If respondents receive loan amount in lump sum mode it becomes more helpful for them rather than receiving the amount in installments. \section[{Table 21 : Percentage distribution regarding respondents' mode of receiving the amount}]{Table 21 : Percentage distribution regarding respondents' mode of receiving the amount}\par Table-21 shows that all the respondents i.e. 100\% received lump sum amount for agricultural purpose, which shows that the BRSP gives the agricultural loan in lump sum form to make the procedure easy, flexible and more convenient for the borrowers. \section[{v) Procedure of Repayment by the Respondents}]{v) Procedure of Repayment by the Respondents}\par Respondents were repaying the loan amount by two methods to the BRSP which were biannually and monthly.\par Table \hyperref[tab_2]{22} : Percentage distribution of respondents regarding procedure of repayment Table-22 indicates the procedure of returning credit amount to the BRSP, which shows that 70.00\% respondents were returning the credit amount biannually and 30.00\% respondents were returning the credit amount monthly. It shows that the trend of returning amount was seasonally. \section[{w) Mode of Micro-credit Repayment}]{w) Mode of Micro-credit Repayment}\par There are lots of micro-credit schemes running for improving the economic status of borrowers. Microcredit repayment is a good indicator to measure the economic condition of borrowers. Inferential analysis allows making broader statements about the relationships between data. \section[{a) Hypothesis No. 1 Ho: There is no association between Micro Credit and Agricultural development H1:}]{a) Hypothesis No. 1 Ho: There is no association between Micro Credit and Agricultural development H1:}\par There is association between Micro Credit and Agricultural development Level of Significance Alpha: (?) = .05 b) Chi-Square Test Chi square test was used to confirm the association between micro credit and agricultural development in which micro credit was used as an independent variable and the increased agricultural production, purpose fulfillment \& perception about role of micro credit in agricultural development as dependent variables. \section[{Null hypothesis was assumed as}]{Null hypothesis was assumed as}\par Ho: There is no association between Micro Credit and Agricultural development. While alternative hypothesis was assumed as H1: There is association between Micro Credit and Agricultural development.\par Chi square test was applied to test the above stated hypothesis and for checking the association between the variables. The level of significance for the calculated was (?) = .05. Table-25 shows that there was a significant relationship between the two variables (Chi square value = 15.07, df =4, p=.001which is < .05). As the level of significance for the calculated value is less than .05, so the alternative hypothesis H1 i.e. there is association between micro credit and agricultural development is accepted. Hence the null Hypothesis Ho i.e. there is no association between micro Credit and Agricultural Development is rejected. \section[{c) Hypothesis No. 2}]{c) Hypothesis No. 2}\par Ho: There is no association between Micro Credit and improvement in the economic status of the borrowers H1: There is association between Micro Credit and improvement in the economic status of the borrowers Level of Significance Alpha: (?) = .05 \section[{d) Chi-Square Test}]{d) Chi-Square Test}\par Chi square test was carried out to determine the association between micro credits as an independent variable on the seasonal income as a response variable.\par Null hypothesis was assumed as Ho: There is no association between Micro Credit and improvement in the economic status of the borrowers. While alternative hypothesis was assumed as, H1: There is association between Micro Credit and improvement in the economic status of the borrowers. Table-26 shows that there was a significant relationship between the two variables (Chi square value =32.22, df =4, p=.000 which is < .05). As the level of significance for the calculated value is less than .05, so the alternative hypothesis H1 i.e. there is association between micro credit and economic status of the borrowers is accepted.\par Hence the null Hypothesis Ho i.e. there is no association between micro Credit and Improvement in the economic status of the borrowers is rejected. Chi square test was carried out to verify the relationship between micro credit and living standard of the respondents in which micro credit was used as an independent variable and household living standard, food quality, health practices, and education expenditure as dependent variables.\par The third Null hypothesis for the present study was assumed as Ho: There is no association between Micro Credit and improvement in the living standard of the borrowers. While alternative hypothesis was assumed as, H1: There is association between MC and improvement in the living standard of the borrowers. Chi square test was applied to test the above stated hypothesis and for checking the association between the two variables. The level of significance for the calculated was (?) = .05. Table-27 shows that there was a significant relationship between the two variables (Chi square value =28.96, df =4, p=000 which is < .05). As the level of significance for the calculated value is less than .05, so the alternative hypothesis H1 i.e. there is association between micro credit and living standard of the borrowers is accepted. Hence the null Hypothesis Ho i.e. there is no association between micro Credit and improvement in the living standard of the borrowers is rejected.\par The above results show that the BRSP micro credit scheme had positive impact on agricultural development. It is clear from the results that the micro credit scheme significantly increased the agricultural production of the respondents and which substantively increased their seasonal income. Improvement in the economic status of the borrowers made substantial improvement in the living standard of the micro-credit borrowers.\par V. \section[{Discussion}]{Discussion}\par The main objective of the present study was to see the impact of micro-credit on agricultural development. It was assumed that micro-credit has positive impact on the agricultural development in district Mastung Balochistan.\par In Bangladesh, formal financial institutions like government and private commercial banks, Stateowned agricultural or rural development bank ( for example, BRDP in Bangladesh), savings and loan cooperatives, microfinance banks, leasing, housing and consumer finance companies can offer a wide range of financial products. In between stand financial Nongovernment Organizations (NGOs), self-help groups, small cooperatives and credit unions. Formal services such as microfinance cannot replace loans from friends, relatives, friends, and moneylenders but they do complement them and enable the liquidity constrained rural population to access a wider range of financial services. Microfinance emerged as a noble substitute for informal credit and is considered to be a powerful instrument for poverty alleviation among people who are economically active but financially constrained {\ref (Murdoch et al. 2002)}.\par The general objective of the present study was the role of micro-credit on agricultural development in district Mastung Balochistan. The targeted population of the current study consisted of Tehsil Dasht, Kardigap and Mastung. There were total 60 agricultural credit borrowers in the above mentioned Thesils who borrowed loan from BRSP. A close ended structured questionnaire was formulated to collect data from the respondents. Data was collected through face to face interviews with the respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Chi Square test was used to measure association of the variables in SPSS. The results of the present study can be summarized as:\par It is clear that majority of the respondents 90 percent of the sample were male and 10 percent were females in district Mastung Balochistan. The respondents 63.33 percent belonged to the age group of 25 -50 years and 20.00 percent to more than 50 years where as 16.66 percent respondents were less than 25 years of age .The respondents 43.33\% farmers were illiterate, while about 17.00\% farmers were Primary level of education, 23.00\% were middle, 15.66\% matriculation and 1.66\% bachelor/master education . 70.00 percent were married, 22 percent were single and 8 percent were widow/widower .58 percent of the sample respondents had Pacca houses as against 17 percent who had mixed devilling. About 25 percent of the respondent had Kacha houses. 68.33 percent had agriculture as source of their family income followed by labour 15.00 percent, business 8.33 percent, private job 5.00 percent and government job 3.33 percent. 66.66 percent respondents received information about BRSP credit programme from the Friends / Relatives, 16.66 received information from Newspapers/ Media and16.66 BRSP staffs .46.66 percent 46.66\% were owner ship, 30.00\% were tenant farmers and 23.33\% were owner cum tenant respondents. 36.66\% were less 5 acres, 30.00\% were 5-8 acres, 16.66\% were 8-10 acres and 16.66\% were above 10 acres farm size respondents. 86.66 percent had availed the loan facility only for once and that too for the first time. 11.66 percent had availed this facility twice and only 11.66 percent of them took loan three times. The respondents 40.00\% were 25000, 16.66\% were 40000.00, 20.00\% were 50000.00, 13.33\% were 60000.00 and 10.00\% were above 80000.00 rupees amount loans. 30.00\% were get for seed, 23.33\% were Pesticide, 26.66\% were Fertilizer and 16.66\% were Others purposes. 93.33\% respondents believe that micro-credit is the reason for increased agriculture production. 6.66\% respondents think that micro-credit has no effect on the agricultural production. 76.66\% said that micro-credit plays a positive role in agricultural development to great extent , while 13.33\% respondents described that it play role to some extent, only 10.00\% respondents said that micro-credit has no role in agricultural development. 81.66\% respondents have improvement in their household living standards due to the microcredit facility and 18.33\% respondents said that micro-credit has no improvement in HH living standard.81.66\% of the respondents and 18.33\% respondents said that micro-credit has no improvement in food/diet standard.83.33 \% of the respondents and 16.66\% respondents said that micro-credit has no change health status.75.00\% respondents improved the educational status of their children due to increase in the income, while 25.00\% respondents have no improvement in their children's education. \hyperref[b54]{56}.66\% responded that it was easy to great extent. 36.66\% responded that it was easy to some extent and 6.66\% responded that it was say not at all.66.66\% respondents responded that the behavior of the BRSP staff was satisfactory to great extents. 26.66\% respondents said that the BRSP staff behavior was satisfactory to some extent and 6.66\% say not at all.100\% received lump sum amount for agricultural purpose.70.00\% respondents were returning the credit amount biannually and 30.00\% respondents were returning the credit amount monthly .61.66\% of the respondents repaying of microcredit was easy and they were repaying the microcredit easily. For 38.33\% respondents the repayment of microcredit was not easy.100.00\% respondent's perception regarding loan amount was that it should be increased for the betterment of farmers and for more productive results in agricultural development. \section[{VI.}]{VI.} \section[{Conclusion and Suggestions}]{Conclusion and Suggestions}\par The core objective of the present research was to examine and assess the role of micro-credit on agricultural development. The study concluded that micro-credit play vital role in the development of agricultural sector. From the study it was concluded that microcredit have positive impact in the agriculture field, economic status, household living standards of the farmers.\par Microcredit for agricultural purpose provides financial support to the farmers for enhancement of agricultural production which led them towards the increase in seasonal income also. The study concluded that agricultural loan has positive impact on the agriculture production therefore the respondents were tending towards getting the loan facility. Credit investments in the agriculture sector enhance the crop production and seasonal income. Majority of the respondents were belonging to low socio-economic status therefore greater part of the respondents got loan amount many times for agriculture purpose.\par The study concluded that micro-credit has positive impact on the agricultural development but there is always need for improvement in any program. With reference to the results of the study and keeping in mind the field observations following recommendations have been made to make the micro-credit program more productive for the agricultural micro-credit borrowers.\par ? Amount of loan for agriculture purpose may be increased for making the agricultural field more productive for the credit borrowers. ? Modern facilities for agriculture processes ought to be given in the form of machinery at reasonable prices to make more production at economic rates. ? Common understanding about the BRSP'S objectives remains poor programme objectives should be discussed in community organization meetings frequently. ? Community organization leaders should be more active in solving the common community problems. ? Community organization leaders should be given more monetary incentives for managing community organizations. ? It was seen during the survey that loaness were not properly trained in the business against which the loan was sanctioned. ? It should be made compulsory for the MCOs to provide them guidance at their doorstep. ? BRSP should arrange a benevolent fund so that in case of any natural cal mill, if a person is unable to repay some of his instalments, his remaining instalments may be repaid from that fund. ? If a person is unable to repay his instalments because of sudden house hold needs, he should be given some relaxation period so that his feelings about BRSP. ? Agricultural loan facility may be expanded to the rural areas where credit facility is not available. ? Interest rate must be at the lowest level for making the scheme more productive and beneficial for the credit borrowers. ? There should be proper monitoring and evaluation of the respondents after getting loan. \section[{Global Journal of Human Social Science}]{Global Journal of Human Social Science}\begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png} \caption{\label{fig_1}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{1} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.6957964601769911\textwidth}P{0.05641592920353983\textwidth}P{0.09778761061946903\textwidth}} Sex\tabcellsep Frequency\tabcellsep Percentage\\ Male\tabcellsep 54\tabcellsep 90.00\\ Female\tabcellsep 06\tabcellsep 10.00\\ Total\tabcellsep 60\tabcellsep 100.00\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{Table-1 it is clear that majority of the}\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{respondents 90 percent of the sample were male and}\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{10 percent were females in district Mastung Balochistan.}\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{b) Age of respondents}\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_1}Table 1 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{2} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.3755813953488372\textwidth}P{0.16802325581395347\textwidth}P{0.30639534883720926\textwidth}} Age\tabcellsep Frequency\tabcellsep Percentage\\ < 25 years\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 16.66\\ 25-50 years\tabcellsep 38\tabcellsep 63.33\\ >50 years\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 20.00\\ Total\tabcellsep 60\tabcellsep 100.00\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_2}Table 2 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{-} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} c) Education level of respondents\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_3}Table - 2}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{3} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.717391304347826\textwidth}P{0.04565217391304348\textwidth}P{0.08695652173913043\textwidth}} Education level\tabcellsep Frequency\tabcellsep Percentage\\ Illiterate\tabcellsep 26\tabcellsep 43.00\\ Primary\tabcellsep 15\tabcellsep 17.00\\ Middle\tabcellsep 82\tabcellsep 23.33\\ Matriculation\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 15.00\\ Collage/University\tabcellsep 01\tabcellsep 1.66\\ Total\tabcellsep 60\tabcellsep 100.00\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{Table-3 it is clear that majority of the}\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{respondents 43.33\% farmers were illiterate, while about}\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{17.00\% farmers were Primary level of education, 23.00\%}\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{were middle, 15.66\% matriculation and 1.66\%}\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{bachelor/master education .}\tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{d) Marital status of respondents}\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_4}Table 3 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{4} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.4159574468085106\textwidth}P{0.15372340425531916\textwidth}P{0.28031914893617016\textwidth}} Marital status\tabcellsep Frequency\tabcellsep Percentage\\ Single\tabcellsep 13\tabcellsep 21.67\\ Married\tabcellsep 42\tabcellsep 70.00\\ Widow /widower\tabcellsep 05\tabcellsep 08.33\\ Total\tabcellsep 60\tabcellsep 100.00\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_5}Table 4 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{5} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.7221003134796238\textwidth}P{0.04529780564263323\textwidth}P{0.08260188087774294\textwidth}} Housing\tabcellsep Frequency\tabcellsep Percentage\\ conditions\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Pacca\tabcellsep 35\tabcellsep 58.33\\ Kacha\tabcellsep 15\tabcellsep 25.00\\ Mixed\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 16.66\\ Total\tabcellsep 60\tabcellsep 100.00\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{Table-5 it is clear that majority of the}\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{respondents 58 percent of the sample respondents had}\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{Pacca houses as against 17 percent who had mixed}\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{devilling. About 25 percent of the respondent had Kacha}\\ houses.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{f) Occupation of the Respondents}\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_6}Table 5 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{6} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.37978723404255316\textwidth}P{0.19893617021276597\textwidth}P{0.2712765957446809\textwidth}} Occupation\tabcellsep Frequency\tabcellsep Percentage\\ Agriculture\tabcellsep 41\tabcellsep 68.33\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_7}Table 6 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{7} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.5760330578512396\textwidth}P{0.05619834710743802\textwidth}P{0.2177685950413223\textwidth}} \multicolumn{2}{l}{Source of Information Frequency}\tabcellsep Percentage\\ Newspapers/Media\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 16.66\\ Friends / Relatives\tabcellsep 40\tabcellsep 66.66\\ BRSP staffs\tabcellsep l0\tabcellsep 16.66\\ Total\tabcellsep 60\tabcellsep 100.00\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_8}Table 7 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{-} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} h) Agriculture Land Tenure Status of the Respondents\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_9}Table - 7}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{8} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.7126262626262626\textwidth}P{0.04865319865319866\textwidth}P{0.08872053872053871\textwidth}} Agriculture Land\tabcellsep Frequency\tabcellsep Percentage\\ Tenure\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Owner\tabcellsep 28\tabcellsep 46.66\\ Tenant\tabcellsep 18\tabcellsep 30.00\\ Owner cum Tenant\tabcellsep 14\tabcellsep 23.33\\ Total\tabcellsep 60\tabcellsep 100.00\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{Table-8 it is clears that majority of the}\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{respondents 46.66 percent 46.66\% were owner ship,}\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{30.00\% were tenant farmers and 23.33\% were owner}\\ cum tenant respondents.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{i) Farm Size of the Respondents}\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_10}Table 8 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{9} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.47896825396825393\textwidth}P{0.12817460317460316\textwidth}P{0.24285714285714283\textwidth}} Agricultural Farm\tabcellsep Frequency\tabcellsep Percentage\\ Size\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Less 5 acres\tabcellsep 22\tabcellsep 36.66\\ 5-8 acres\tabcellsep 18\tabcellsep 30.00\\ 8-10 acres\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 16.66\\ Above 10 acres\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 16.66\\ Total\tabcellsep 60\tabcellsep 100.00\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_11}Table 9 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{-} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} j) Times of Received the Amount\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_12}Table - 9}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{10} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.4016483516483516\textwidth}P{0.15879120879120878\textwidth}P{0.2895604395604396\textwidth}} Times of Received\tabcellsep Frequency\tabcellsep Percentage\\ Amount\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Once\tabcellsep 52\tabcellsep 86.66\\ Twice\tabcellsep 07\tabcellsep 11.66\\ Thrice\tabcellsep 01\tabcellsep 11.66\\ Total\tabcellsep 60\tabcellsep 100.00\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_13}Table 10 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{11} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.4924137931034483\textwidth}P{0.11724137931034483\textwidth}P{0.2403448275862069\textwidth}} Received Loan\tabcellsep Frequency\tabcellsep Percentage\\ Amount Rs.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Rs.25000.00\tabcellsep 24\tabcellsep 40.00\\ Rs.40000.00\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 16.66\\ Rs. 50000.00\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 20.00\\ Rs.60000.00\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 13.33\\ Rs.80000.00\tabcellsep 06\tabcellsep 10.00\\ Total\tabcellsep 60\tabcellsep 100.00\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_14}Table 11 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{12} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.6842198581560284\textwidth}P{0.05726950354609929\textwidth}P{0.10851063829787233\textwidth}} Purpose of\tabcellsep Frequency\tabcellsep Percentage\\ Getting Loan\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ For Seed\tabcellsep 22\tabcellsep 30.00\\ For Pesticide\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 23.33\\ For Fertilizer\tabcellsep 16\tabcellsep 26.66\\ Others\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 16.66\\ Total\tabcellsep 60\tabcellsep 100.00\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{Table-12 it is clear that majority of the}\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{respondents 30.00\% were get for seed, 23.33\% were}\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{Pesticide, 26.66\% were Fertilizer and 16.66\% were}\\ Others purposes.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_15}Table 12 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{13} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} Table -13 shows the perception of respondents\\ with regard to micro-credit as a source of increased\\ agricultural production. It describes those 93.33\%\\ respondents believe that micro-credit is the reason for\\ increased agriculture production. 6.66\% respondents\\ think that micro-credit has no effect on the agricultural\\ production.\\ n) Positive Role of Micro-credit in Agricultural\\ Development\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_16}Table 13 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{14} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} Table-14 shows that majority of the respondents\\ i.e. 76.66\% said that micro-credit plays a positive role\\ in agricultural development to great extent , while\\ 13.33\% respondents described that it play role to some\\ extent, only 10.00\% respondents said that micro-credit\\ has no role in agricultural development.\\ o) Improvement in House Hold Living Standard of the\\ Respondents\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_17}Table 14 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{15} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} distribution regarding\\ change/improvement in HH living standard of\\ the respondents due to micro credit\\ Table-15 shows that majority 81.66\%\\ respondents have improvement in their household living\\ standards due to the microcredit facility and 18.33\%\\ respondents said that micro-credit has no improvement\\ in HH living standard.\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_18}Table 15 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{16} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.8103021978021978\textwidth}P{0.011675824175824176\textwidth}P{0.00934065934065934\textwidth}P{0.011675824175824176\textwidth}P{0.007005494505494506\textwidth}} Table-16\tabcellsep shows\tabcellsep that\tabcellsep there\tabcellsep was\\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{change/improvement in food/diet patterns of a}\\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{considerable majority 81.66\% of the respondents and}\\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{18.33\% respondents said that micro-credit has no}\\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{improvement in food/diet standard. Better financial}\\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{position made them able to have better diet for}\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{themselves and for their family members.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{q) Change/improvement in Health Status of the}\\ Respondent\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_19}Table 16 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{17} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.809861111111111\textwidth}P{0.011805555555555555\textwidth}P{0.009444444444444445\textwidth}P{0.011805555555555555\textwidth}P{0.007083333333333333\textwidth}} Table-17\tabcellsep shows\tabcellsep that\tabcellsep there\tabcellsep was\\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{change/improvement in health status of a considerable}\\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{majority 83.33 \% of the respondents and 16.66\%}\\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{respondents said that micro-credit has no change}\\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{health status. Therefore they became able to spend}\\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{more money to maintain their health and get access to}\\ the health facilities.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{r) Change/improvement in Children Education of the}\\ Respondents\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_20}Table 17 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{18} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} Table-18 shows that 75.00\% respondents\\ improved the educational status of their children due to\\ increase in the income, while 25.00\% respondents have\\ no improvement in their children's education.\end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: © 2015 Global Journals Inc. (US) -]} \caption{\label{tab_21}Table 18 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{19} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_22}Table 19 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{-} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_23}Table - 19}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{23} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} Table-23 indicates that for majority 61.66\% of\\ the respondents repaying of microcredit was easy and\\ they were repaying the microcredit easily. For 38.33\%\\ respondents the repayment of microcredit was not easy.\\ x) Respondents opinion regarding increasing the Loan\\ for Agriculture Purpose\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_24}Table 23 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{24} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.7621394230769231\textwidth}P{0.040865384615384616\textwidth}P{0.016346153846153847\textwidth}P{0.008173076923076924\textwidth}P{0.008173076923076924\textwidth}P{0.014302884615384615\textwidth}} \multicolumn{6}{l}{Table-24 indicates that for majority 100.00\%}\\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{respondent's perception regarding loan amount was}\\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{that it should be increased for the betterment of farmers}\\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{and for more productive results in agricultural}\\ development.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ IV.\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{Inferential Analysis}\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{Inferential}\tabcellsep analysis\tabcellsep deal\tabcellsep with\tabcellsep drawing\\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{conclusions, causes and effects and in some cases,}\\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{making predictions about the properties of a population}\\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{based on information obtained from a sample.}\end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: © 2015 Global Journals Inc. (US)]} \caption{\label{tab_25}Table 24 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{25} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.36597222222222225\textwidth}P{0.24791666666666667\textwidth}P{0.04131944444444444\textwidth}P{0.19479166666666664\textwidth}} \tabcellsep Value\tabcellsep Df\tabcellsep Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)\\ Pearson Chi-Square\tabcellsep 15.069a\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep .005\\ Likelihood Ratio\tabcellsep 13.053\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep .011\\ Linear-by-Linear Association\tabcellsep 10.637\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep .001\\ \tabcellsep No. of Valid Cases\tabcellsep 60\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_26}Table 25 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{26} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.36597222222222225\textwidth}P{0.24791666666666667\textwidth}P{0.04131944444444444\textwidth}P{0.19479166666666664\textwidth}} \tabcellsep Value\tabcellsep Df\tabcellsep Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)\\ Pearson Chi-Square\tabcellsep 15.069a\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep .005\\ Likelihood Ratio\tabcellsep 13.053\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep .011\\ Linear-by-Linear Association\tabcellsep 10.637\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep .001\\ \tabcellsep No. of Valid Cases\tabcellsep 60\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_27}Table 26 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{27} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.36597222222222225\textwidth}P{0.24791666666666667\textwidth}P{0.04131944444444444\textwidth}P{0.19479166666666664\textwidth}} \tabcellsep Value\tabcellsep Df\tabcellsep Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)\\ Pearson Chi-Square\tabcellsep 15.069a\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep .005\\ Likelihood Ratio\tabcellsep 13.053\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep .011\\ Linear-by-Linear Association\tabcellsep 10.637\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep .001\\ \tabcellsep No. of Valid Cases\tabcellsep 60\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_28}Table 27 :}\end{figure} \footnote{Global Journal of Human Social Science© 2015 Global Journals Inc. (US)} \footnote{© 2015 Global Journals Inc. (US) -} \backmatter \begin{bibitemlist}{1} \bibitem[ Sarhad Journal of Agriculture]{b75}\label{b75} \textit{}, \textit{Sarhad Journal of Agriculture} 24 (4) p. . \bibitem[Bank Website (2012)]{b23}\label{b23} \textit{}, Grameen Bank Website . \url{http://www.grameen-info.org/} 11th February 2012. \bibitem[Bhulmall ()]{b11}\label{b11} ‘A cooperative credit society's impact on credit demand in agricultural production’. A Bhulmall . \textit{Economic Affairs (Calcutta)} 2000. 2005. 45 p. . (Micro Credit and Women's Empowerment. World Pr out Assembly) \bibitem[Bhaduri ()]{b10}\label{b10} ‘A study in agricultural backwardness under semi-feudalism’. A Bhaduri . \textit{The Economic Journal} 1973. 83 (1) p. . \bibitem[Sumelius et al. ()]{b71}\label{b71} ‘Access to microfinance: Does it matter for profit efficiency among small scale rice farmers in Bangladesh?’. J Sumelius , K Islam , T Sipilainen . \textit{European Association of Agricultural Economists} 2008. \bibitem[Gay ()]{b21}\label{b21} ‘Accrss to microcredit and its impact on farm profit among rural farmers in dryland of Sudan’. Gay . \textit{Global Advanced Research Journal} 2010. 2 (3) p. . \bibitem[Agriculture for Development. (United Nations Organization) United Nations World Development Report ()]{b80}\label{b80} ‘Agriculture for Development. (United Nations Organization)’. \textit{United Nations World Development Report} 2008. \bibitem[Agriculture: Economic Survey of Pakistan Ministry of Food and Agriculture ()]{b18}\label{b18} ‘Agriculture: Economic Survey of Pakistan’. \textit{Ministry of Food and Agriculture}, (Government of Pakistan, Islamabad) 2013. 2013. \bibitem[Jaffar et al. ()]{b31}\label{b31} ‘An Evaluation of Micro Credit Schemes of Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority (SMEDA)’. S S Jaffar , K Javed , T E Lodhi . \textit{J. Anim. Pl. Sci} 2006. 2006. 16 (3-4) . \bibitem[Muhammad ()]{b56}\label{b56} \textit{An investigation into effectiveness of micro-credit programme of AKRSP: A case study of three villages of sub-division Hunza of district Gilgit}, W Muhammad . 2003. Bangladesh. Agriculture University (Unpublished master's thesis) \bibitem[Waheed ()]{b85}\label{b85} \textit{Analysis of issue on micro credit: The case of two villages in Punjab. The Pakistan development Review, Part II}, S Waheed . 2001. winter 2001. p. . \bibitem[Morduch and Haley ()]{b55}\label{b55} \textit{Analysis of the effects of microfinance on poverty reduction}, J Morduch , B Haley . 2002. New York. NYU Wagner Working Paper \bibitem[Zaman ()]{b90}\label{b90} ‘Assessing the Impact of Micro-credit on Poverty and Vulnerability in Bangladesh’. Hassan Zaman . \textit{Policy Research Working Paper} 1999. The World Bank. (Development Economics) \bibitem[Balochistan Board of Investment, Government of the Balochistan BBI ()]{b8}\label{b8} ‘Balochistan Board of Investment, Government of the Balochistan’. \textit{BBI} 2013. \bibitem[Government Of Balochistan ()]{b19}\label{b19} \textit{Balochistan Development Statistics, Government of the Balochistan}, Government Of Balochistan . 2013. Quetta. \bibitem[Balochistan Rural Support Programme BRSP.org.pk. Retrieved (2013)]{b9}\label{b9} ‘Balochistan Rural Support Programme’. \textit{BRSP.org.pk. Retrieved} 2013. 9 August 2013. (BRSP) \bibitem[Gob ()]{b22}\label{b22} \textit{Bangladesh Economic Review, Economic Adviser's Wing, Finance Division, Ministry of Finance}, Gob . 2010. Government of Peoples Republic of Bangladesh \bibitem[Miah and Marr ()]{b52}\label{b52} ‘Challenge to the orthodoxy concerning micro finance and poverty reduction’. Miah , Anna Marr . \textit{Micro Finance Journal} 2006. 5 (2) . \bibitem[Malik et al. ()]{b48}\label{b48} ‘Differential access and the rural credit market in pakistan: Some recent evidence’. S J Malik , M Mushtaq , M Gill . \textit{The Pakistan Development Review} 1989. 28 (4) p. . \bibitem[Hossain and Hoque ()]{b25}\label{b25} \textit{Does Micro credit Programs in Bangladesh Increase Household ability to Deal with Economic Hardships}, Hossain , Seerajul Hoque . \url{www.mpra.ub,unimuenchen.de/6678/} 2002. \bibitem[Morduch ()]{b45}\label{b45} ‘Does Microfinance Really Help the Poor? NewEvidence from Flagships Programmes in Bangladesh’. J Morduch . \textit{Dept. Of Economics and HIID} 2002. Harvard University and Hoover Institution, Stanford University \bibitem[Sidhu et al. ()]{b70}\label{b70} ‘Dynamics of institutional agricultural credit and growth in Punjab: contribution and demand-supply gap’. R Sidhu , K Vatta , A Kaur . \textit{Agricultural Economics Research Review} 2008. p. 21. \bibitem[Onoja et al. ()]{b59}\label{b59} ‘Econometric analysis of credit and farm resource technical efficiences' determinants in Cassava farms in Kogi State’. A O Onoja , M Ibrahim , A Achike . \textit{A diagnostic and stochastic frontier approach}, (Nigeria) 2009. \bibitem[Mushtaq ()]{b47}\label{b47} ‘Economic Impact of Micro Finance on Borrowers: Evidence from Punjab’. Rizwan Mushtaq . \xref{http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1898376}{10.2139/ssrn.1898376}. \url{http://ssrn.com/abstract=1898376orhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1898376} \textit{Pakistan. Available at} 2011. \bibitem[Government Of Pakistan ()]{b20}\label{b20} \textit{Economic Survey of Pakistan 2002-03, Finance Division, Islamabad. 23. Government of Punjab}, Government Of Pakistan . 2003. 2002. Lahore. Punjab Development Statistics, Bureau of Statistics, Government of the Punjab \bibitem[Fayaz et al. ()]{b15}\label{b15} ‘Effects of short term credit advanced by ZTBL for enhancement of crop productivity and income of growers’. M Fayaz , D Jan , A U Jan , B Hussain . \textit{Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science} 2000. 1 (4) p. . \bibitem[Wright ()]{b87}\label{b87} ‘Examining the impact of micro insurance services increasing income or reducing poverty?’. G Wright . \textit{Small Enterprise Development} 1999. 10 (1) p. . \bibitem[Velasco and Chiba ()]{b82}\label{b82} \textit{Expanding impact: innovations in cost-effectively integrating microfinance with education in health}, C Velasco , S Chiba . 2004. Pro Mujer Bolivia. \bibitem[ Alam ()]{b7}\label{b7} \textit{Fighting poverty with microcredit: experience in Bangladesh}, Alam . 1988. UK: Oxford University Press. \bibitem[Khandker ()]{b36}\label{b36} \textit{Fighting poverty with microcredit: experience in Bangladesh}, S R Khandker . 1998. UK: Oxford University Press. \bibitem[Global Microcredit]{b50}\label{b50} \textit{Global Microcredit}, (Summit Valladolid, Spain) \bibitem[Grameen Bank Wikipedia Article. Retrieved ()]{b24}\label{b24} \url{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grameen\textunderscore Bank)Gebrehiwot} \textit{Grameen Bank Wikipedia Article. Retrieved}, (Ageba) 11th February 2012. 1989. \bibitem[Christen and Delgado ()]{b14}\label{b14} \textit{Group Lending: Learning from The International Experience. Urban and Regional Planning Economic Development Handbook}, Christen , E Delgado . 2005. University of Michigan. Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning \bibitem[Pitt and Khandker ()]{b61}\label{b61} \textit{Household and Intra-household Impact of the Grameen Bank and Similar Targeted Credit Programs in Bangladesh}, Mark Pitt , Shahidur R Khandker . 1996. Washington, D.C. \bibitem[Javed et al. ()]{b30}\label{b30} ‘Impact assessment of microcredit programme of PRSP on crop productivity’. M S Javed , S Hassan , S A Adil , A S Ahmad , M W A Chattah , Z Nawaz . \textit{Pakistan Journat of Agrcultural. Science} 2006. 43 p. . \bibitem[Nazli and Shah ()]{b58}\label{b58} ‘Impact assessment of microcredit programme of PRSP on crop productivity’. Nazli , M K Shah . \textit{Pakistan Journat of Agrcultural. Science} 2006. 43 p. . \bibitem[Shah ()]{b74}\label{b74} \textit{Impact of Agricultural Credit on Farm Productivity and Income of Farmers in mountainous agriculture in northern Pakistan}, M K Shah . 2008. \bibitem[Shah et al. ()]{b69}\label{b69} ‘Impact of agricultural credit on farm productivity and income of farmers in mountainous agriculture in northern Pakistan: A case study of selected villages in district Chitral’. M K Shah , H Khan , Jehanzeb , Z Khan . \textit{Sarhad Journal of Agriculture} 2008. 24 (4) p. . \bibitem[Suresh ()]{b73}\label{b73} ‘Impact of Micro Finance on Empowerment of Rural Women -A Case Study of Dairy Enterprise in the Tank Management Project Area of North Karnataka’. K Suresh . \textit{The University of Agricultural Sciences}, (Dharwad) 2008. (Unpublished Thesis) \bibitem[Adil and Badar ()]{b1}\label{b1} ‘Impact of micro-credit on poverty alleviation and agricultural production -A case study of NRSP, D.G. Khan region [Pakistan])’. S A Adil , H Badar . \textit{Journal of Agricultural Research . v} 2003. 41 (3-4) p. . \bibitem[Wadud ()]{b83}\label{b83} \textit{Impact of microcredit on agricultural farm performance and food security in Bangladesh}, M A Wadud . 2013. Dhaka, Bangladesh. (Working paper, paper no. 14, Institute of Microfinance (InM) \bibitem[Girabi and Mwakaje ()]{b16}\label{b16} ‘Impact of microfinance on smallholder farm productivity in Tanzania: The case of Iramba district’. F Girabi , A E G Mwakaje . \textit{Asian Economic and Financial Review} 2013. 3 (2) p. . \bibitem[Kudi ()]{b40}\label{b40} ‘Impact of UNDP microfinance programme on poverty Alleviation among farmers in selected local government areas of Kaduna State’. T M Kudi . \textit{Nigeria. International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology} 2009. 1 (6) p. . \bibitem[Gtz (2013)]{b17}\label{b17} ‘Initiated with the support of GTZ’. Brsp Gtz . \textit{PPinewsagency.com. Retrieved} 9 August 2013. \bibitem[Kebede ()]{b33}\label{b33} Koomsa Kebede . \textit{Agricultural Credit Analysis. National Agricultural Policy Workshop}, 1995. \bibitem[Legal and Regulatory Framework for Microfinance Institutions Prepared for International Microfinance conference: I\Microfinance in Pakistan: Innovating and Mainstreaming ()]{b76}\label{b76} ‘Legal and Regulatory Framework for Microfinance Institutions’. \textit{Prepared for International Microfinance conference: I\textbackslash Microfinance in Pakistan: Innovating and Mainstreaming}, (Islamabad) 2004. State Bank of Pakistan \bibitem[Mosely and David ()]{b54}\label{b54} \textit{Micro enterprise finance: Is there a conflict between growth and poverty alleviation? World Development}, Paul Mosely , Hulme David . 1998. 26 p. . \bibitem[Rahman ()]{b66}\label{b66} \textit{Micro-credit initiatives for equitable and sustainable development: Who pays? World development}, A Rahman . 1999. 27 p. . \bibitem[Miller ()]{b49}\label{b49} \textit{Microcredit and crop agriculture: New approachs, technologies and other innovation to address food insecurity among the poor}, C Miller . 2011. 2011. \bibitem[Nosiru ()]{b57}\label{b57} ‘Microcredits and agricultural productivity in Ogun State’. M O Nosiru . \textit{Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences} 2010. 6 (3) p. . \bibitem[Omobolanle and Nosiru ()]{b42}\label{b42} ‘Microcredits and Agricultural Productivity in Ogun State’. Marcus Omobolanle , Nosiru . \textit{Nigeria. WJAS World J. Agric. Sci} 2010. 2010. 6 (3) p. . \bibitem[Remenyi and Quinones ()]{b64}\label{b64} \textit{Microfinance and Poverty Alleviation: Case studies from Asia and the Pacific}, Joe Remenyi , Benjamin Quinones . 2000. New York. 79 p. . \bibitem[Schreiner ()]{b72}\label{b72} \textit{Microfinance in Rural Argentina}, Mark Schreiner . 2011. Center for Social Development Washington University of St. Louis \bibitem[Abbas et al. ()]{b0}\label{b0} \textit{Microfinance Route to Income Generation and Poverty Reduction: Evidence from District Faisalabad, Pakistan}, F Abbas , M Naeem , Sarwar , Sajid Hussain . 2005. 1813 2235/2005/01-2-144-147. (Journal of agriculture \& social sciences) \bibitem[Zia Uddin ()]{b92}\label{b92} ‘Microfinance Services for rural agriculture in Pakistan and Bangladesh’. Malik Zia Uddin . \textit{Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences}, 2011. (Unpublished Master Thesis) \bibitem[Islam ()]{b27}\label{b27} ‘Microfinance, efficiency and agricultural production in Bangladesh. (Unpublished master's thesis)’. K M Z Islam . \textit{Agricultural Economics Unit} 2011. Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki \bibitem[Brau and Woller ()]{b13}\label{b13} ‘Microfinance: A Comprehensive Review of the Existing Literature’. James C Brau , Gary M Woller . \textit{Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance and Business Ventures} 2004. 2004. 9 (1) p. . \bibitem[Morduch (1998)]{b53}\label{b53} Jonathan Morduch . \textit{Does Microfinance really help the poor? New Evidence from Flagship Programs in Bangladesh}, 1998. August 2005. p. 20. \bibitem[Pakistan Rural Finance for Growth and Poverty Alleviation ()]{b84}\label{b84} \textit{Pakistan Rural Finance for Growth and Poverty Alleviation}, 2003. Washington D.C. USA. p. 61. (World Bank) \bibitem[Bhuvan ()]{b12}\label{b12} \textit{Performance of Micro-Finance Providers in Karnataka}, I B Bhuvan . 2007. Dharwad. University of Agricultural Sciences (Unpublished Thesis) \bibitem[Malik and Nazli ()]{b51}\label{b51} \textit{Poverty and Rural Credit: The Case of Pakistan}, S J Malik , Hina Nazli . 1999. PIDE Publication. \bibitem[Jehanzeb ()]{b32}\label{b32} ‘Raising farm productivity through agricultural credit (A Case Study of Zarai Tarraqiati Bank of Pakistan Limited)’. N Jehanzeb . \textit{Sarhad Journal of Agriculture} 2008. 2008. 24 (4) . \bibitem[Rahman and Hossain ()]{b67}\label{b67} \textit{Rethinking rural poverty: Bangladesh as a case study}, H Z Rahman , M Hossain . 1995. Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd. \bibitem[Khan et al. ()]{b35}\label{b35} ‘Review of past literature on agriculture credit in rural area of Pakistan’. N Khan , M M Shafi , M Shah , Z Islam , M Arif , R Javed , N Shah . \textit{Sarhad Journal of Agriculture} 2011. 27 (1) p. . \bibitem[Khan ()]{b37}\label{b37} ‘Review of Past Literature on Agriculture Credit in Rural Area of Pakistan’. Naushad Khan . \textit{Sarhad Journal of Agriculture} 2011. 2011. 27 (1) . \bibitem[Ahmad et al. ()]{b4}\label{b4} ‘Role of micro finance in alleviating rural poverty: A Case Study of Khushhali Bank Programin Rahim Yar Khan-Pakistan’. S Ahmad , M S Naveed , A Ghafoor . \textit{Int. J. Agric. Biol} 2004. 2001. 6 p. . \bibitem[Role of Micro-credit in Economic Revival and Poverty Alleviation (2001)]{b62}\label{b62} \textit{Role of Micro-credit in Economic Revival and Poverty Alleviation}, May 21, 2001. (Business and Finance Review. The Daily "The News) \bibitem[Manzoor and Akhtar ()]{b46}\label{b46} ‘Role of Punjab Rural Support Programme in increasing economic status and poverty alleviation efforts in rural Faisalabad’. Z Manzoor , S Akhtar . \textit{Journal of Agriculture \& Social Sciences} 2006. 1813-2235/2006/02-2-110-111. \bibitem[Tenaw and Islam ()]{b79}\label{b79} \textit{Rural financial services and effects of microfinance on agricultural productivity and on poverty}, S Tenaw , K M Z Islam . 2009. p. 28. University of Helsinki Department of Economics and Management (Discussion Papers series) \bibitem[Tooley ()]{b77}\label{b77} \textit{Serving the needs of the poor: The private education sector in developing countries. Can the Market Save Our Schools?}, J Tooley . 2000. p. . \bibitem[Mcculloch and Baulch ()]{b44}\label{b44} ‘Simulating the impact of Policy upon Chronic and Transitory Poverty in Rural Pakistan’. Neil Mcculloch , B Baulch . \textit{Journal of Development Studies} 2009. 36 (6) . \bibitem[Amusa et al. ()]{b6}\label{b6} ‘Socioeconomic determinants of cocoyam production among small holder farmers in Ekiti state’. T A Amusa , A A Enete , U E Okon . \textit{Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Economics \& Rural Development} 2011. 4 (2) p. . \bibitem[Mayoux ()]{b43}\label{b43} ‘Tackling the Down Side: Social Capital, Women"s Empowerment and Micro-Finance in Cameroon’. L Mayoux . \textit{Development and Change} 2001. 32 (3) p. . \bibitem[Islam et al. ()]{b28}\label{b28} ‘Technical, economic and allocative efficiency of microfinance borrowers and non-borrowers: evidence from peasant farming in Bangladesh’. Z Islam , S Bäckman , J Sumelius . \textit{European Journal of Social Sciences} 2011. 18 (3) p. 36. \bibitem[Osei-Mensah and Adams ()]{b60}\label{b60} ‘The effect of rural non-farm sector: A case study of Suma Rural Bank in the Jaman District’. A Osei-Mensah , S Adams . \textit{Journal of Business and Enterprise Development} 2009. p. . \bibitem[Saleem and Ali-Jan ()]{b68}\label{b68} ‘The Impact of agricultural credit on agricultural productivity in Dera Ismail Khan (District) Khyber Pakhtonkhawa Pakistan’. M A Saleem , F Ali-Jan . \textit{European Journal of Business and Management} 2011. 3 p. . \bibitem[Khan ()]{b34}\label{b34} ‘The Impact of Micro Credit on Livestock Enterprise Development in District Abbottabad (A Case of SRSP Micro Credit Programme)’. Naushad Khan . \textit{Sarhad Journal of Agriculture} 2007. 2007. 23 (4) . \bibitem[Holvoet ()]{b26}\label{b26} ‘The Impact of Microfinance on Decision-Making Agency: Evidence from South India’. Nathalie Holvoet . \textit{Development and Change} 2005. 36 (1) p. . \bibitem[Desta and Tesfay ()]{b3}\label{b3} \textit{The Impact of Microfinance on Poor Women: A case study of Dedebit Credit and Saving Institution (DECSI) in the Eastern Zone of Tigray}, Aregawi Desta , Tesfay . 2003. Addis Ababa University: School of Graduate Studies, Regional and Local Development Studies (Unpublished Thesis) \bibitem[Kiiru ()]{b39}\label{b39} \textit{The Impact of Microfinance on Rural Poor Households' Income And Vulnerability To Poverty: Case Study Of Makueni District}, Joy M Kiiru . 2007. Kenya. University of Bonn (Unpublished PhD thesis) \bibitem[Khandker and Zaman (2011)]{b38}\label{b38} \textit{The Impact of Microfinance. Retrieved on}, Shahid Khandker , Hassan Zaman . \url{http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=177457} 2011. 12th February 2012. \bibitem[Ifad and Pakistan]{b29}\label{b29} \textit{The Impact of New Credit and Savings Opportunities for Women}, Ifad , Pakistan . Rome, Italy. \bibitem[Robinsons ()]{b65}\label{b65} \textit{The Microfinance Revolution: Sustainable Finance for the Poor}, S Robinsons . 2001. Washington D.C. \bibitem[Vatta and Singh ()]{b81}\label{b81} ‘The Performance of Self-Help Groups in Punjab: A Study of Hoshiarpur District’. K Vatta , P Singh . \textit{Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics} 2001. 56 (3) p. 452. \bibitem[Abedullah et al. ()]{b5}\label{b5} ‘The role of agricultural credit in the growth of livestock sector: A case study of Faisalabad’. N Abedullah , M Khalid , S Kouser . \textit{Pakistan Veterinary Journal} 2009. 29 (2) p. . \bibitem[Zeller and Meyer ()]{b91}\label{b91} \textit{The Triangle of Microfinance -Financial Sustainability, Outreach, and Impact}, M Zeller , Richard L Meyer . 2002. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. (Published for the International Food Policy Research Institute, the) \bibitem[Yehuala ()]{b88}\label{b88} ‘Unpublished thesis) Faculty of the Agriculture, Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, School of Graduate Studies’. Sisay Yehuala . \textit{HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY} 2008. (Determinants of Smallholder Farmers Access to Formal Credit: The Case of Metema Woreda) \bibitem[Lodhi et al. ()]{b41}\label{b41} ‘Utilization of Micro-credit by the Female Community : A case study of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan)’. E T Lodhi , A Luqman , A Javed , M Asif . \textit{International Journal of Agriculture} 2006. 2006/08. \bibitem[Ali and Qaiser (2011)]{b2}\label{b2} \textit{Utilizing micro-credit for sustainable agricultural rural development}, Murad Ali , Tabinda Qaiser . \url{http://rupeenews.com/2011/03/utilizing-micro-redit-for-sustainable-agricultural-rural-development/} 2011. 1st February 2012. \bibitem[Roux ()]{b63}\label{b63} ‘What can Microfinance contribute to Agriculture in Developing Countries?’. M Roux . \textit{Proceedings from the International conference}, (from the International conferenceParis) 2008. p. . \bibitem[Wood and Sharif ()]{b86}\label{b86} \textit{Who Needs Credit? Poverty and Finance in Bangladesh}, G Wood , I Sharif . 1997. Zed Books. London. \bibitem[Zohir and Matin ()]{b93}\label{b93} ‘Wider impacts of microfinance institutions: issues and concepts’. S Zohir , I Matin . \textit{Journal of international development} 2004. 16 p. . \bibitem[Tzannatos ()]{b78}\label{b78} \textit{Women and Labour Market Changes in the Global Economy}, Z Tzannatos . 1998. Washington: World Bank. \bibitem[Yaron ()]{b89}\label{b89} Kebede Yaron , Koomsa . \textit{Agricultural Credit Analysis. National Agricultural Policy Workshop}, 1997. \end{bibitemlist} \end{document}