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\title{UtilizationofLibraryResourcesfor EffectiveResearch Output among PostGraduate Ministerial Students ofAdventistUniversity of AfricainBabcockUniversity}
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             \author[1]{Omotunde Oluwatobi.  }

             \affil[1]{  Babcock University illshan-Remo, Ogun State}

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\date{\small \em Received: 7 December 2013 Accepted: 4 January 2014 Published: 15 January 2014}

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\begin{abstract}
        


Adequate and relevant library resources and services, at the level of postgraduate degrees offered by Nigeria universities should be that which support the intellectual culture of conduction an independent study. Hence, the degree of utilization of library resources for effective research output among postgraduate students of Babcock University becomes critical to understudy.This study made use of the survey research design method. A total enumeration sampling technique was used for the selected sample. A total of 51 respondents made the total sum of the students. The major objective of the study was to investigate the utilization of library resources for effective research output by post graduate ministerial students of Adventist University of Africa (AUA) in Babcock University. Findings revealed that the most frequently used library materials is the online database, dictionaries, books and encyclopedia which are used daily, while the least used material was CD-ROM database. Furthermore, respondents in this study affirmed that the available library resources have a very low impact on their respective research work. This influenced majority of the respondent's level of satisfaction with the use of library information resources to be perceived low.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{utilization, adventist university of africa, library resources.}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
eople need information for making vital and relevant decisions. Hence, they may acquire this information through the means of researching, which entails the process of finding ideas, facts and new information by a scientific and systematic study. Hence, the library then serves as a vital and important channel where information is acquired, processed and Library resources are therefore critical to a postgraduate research. \hyperref[b3]{Ibenne (2010)} reveal that libraries are channels of delivering information. The rigid nature of the traditional role in providing information services to its respective users have been revolutionized by the advancement in information communication technologies. This in one way or the other has made postgraduate research much more flexible and a lot more rewarding.\par
Universities are to generate new knowledge and also encourage transferred and adopted of this new innovation. Since this requires an atmosphere of research, libraries are left with no options or choice than to provide access to relevant information resources by applying this to enable quick access, integrate and repackage information for the end user that will capacitate and enrich higher educational institutions means of conducting research.\par
Basically, library resources are materials that users consult in making decisions and also for problemsolving. These sources could be primary or secondary sources. \hyperref[b4]{Ojedokun (2007)} noted that primary sources are un-interpreted, first hand materials such as records and raw data. In other words, library sources are sources that users make use of from time to time in order to meet their information needs. These library resources could also refer to audiovisual materials, such as Audio CD and CD-ROM for data storage which do not depend solely on reading to get their meanings but they convey relevant information.\par
According to \hyperref[b8]{Ubogu (2000)} library users are expected to locate the resources they want in a digital form and accessible electronically and are beginning to demand a one-stop shopping in an integrated information environment. This demand by university library users calls for more decisive strides by Nigerian universities to equip their libraries with the necessary information communication technology (ICT) facilities that would enable the university libraries to provide the services expected of electronic libraries of the present times. In the opinion of  {\ref Ojedokun (2000)}, the increases disseminated through the provision of appropriate information resources in its various formats i.e print and non-print. in the prices of publications, the cost of buildings, storages, preservation and inadequate funding have been a major challenge for traditional libraries in Nigeria.\par
This view was also supported by Ke \& Chang, (1999), who posited that supporting research and learning activities becomes a major mission for academic libraries, however in recent years, academic libraries face pressure like diminished budgets, increased patrons demands and rising costs for book purchase and subscripted for. Many of libraries have therefore decided to review their subscription of purchase policies, including reduction in journal titles.\par
The resultant effect of this is that the university libraries are no longer able to satisfy the demands of their users for current and relevant titles. \hyperref[b1]{Akinade, (2003)} observed that the expectations of people are high when sourcing and retrieving information and when such information needs are not met frustration normally set in and this may drive the user away from the library. In addition to this, Bassey, (2006) posited that satisfying the request of users implies providing the actual information or services that will meet their needs. Hence, this leads to low standard of teaching and research intuitions through the provision of obsolete e-books, ejournals, and other library resources, which reduces access to academic libraries and result into poor scholarship for desire study, research and lifelong learning.\par
The Adventist University Africa (AUA) is an educational institution whose headquarters is based in Kenya. It has an extension campus in Babcock University where it runs a Summer Postgraduate program on a module of four year duration.\par
It's basically a ministerial postgraduate program which has a two-pronged objective of training workers for the church and the academia. Hence, the nature of postgraduate study demands that students must do a lot of independent studies on their own. The use of library resources and services is thus indispensable to the postgraduate students in order to achieve their academic objective.\par
However, resources of a library can influence its use by postgraduate students. Literature has revealed that information availability does not mean accessibility and utilization therefore; university libraries are to market their resources and service to attract users. \hyperref[b6]{(Popoola, 2001)}.\par
There have been many literature of utilization of resources and services such as Ogbomo and Adomi, (2003), Turtle, (2005) Haruna, (2004) and Swarna, (2004) among others. In a study carried out by Hussain and Kumar, (2013) on utilization of information resources and service of the postgraduate students, majority of the users frequently visit the library almost daily and it was further found that books, newspapers and periodicals are the most used by user. In addition, in a study on students and faculty use of academic libraries in Nigeria, \hyperref[b5]{Okly,(2000)} found that respondents used books more than other materials and that they browsed the shelves to locate these materials. In line with findings, Ugah,(2007) further found out that textbooks account for most library visit.\par
Base on the gap in literatures on the extent of utilization of the library resources for effective research output among postgraduate students of Babcock University it becomes critical to understudy this population of postgraduate students. 
\section[{II.}]{II.} 
\section[{Objectives of the Study}]{Objectives of the Study}\par
The major objectives of this study is to investigate utilization of library resources for effective research output by post graduate ministerial students of Adventist university of Africa (AUA) in Babcock university and the specific objectives are: 1. To investigate the frequency of use of library resource by Adventist University of Africa postgraduate students in Babcock University. 2. To examine the extent to which library resources have impact in their research work. 3. To determine the extent to which AUA Post graduate students have access to library resources. 4. To investigate the accessibility and use of Library resources by AUA post graduate students in Babcock University. 5. To examine the level of satisfaction of AUA post graduate when using library resources. 
\section[{III.}]{III.}\par
Research Question  
\section[{Methodology}]{Methodology}\par
The population of this survey research is the Adventist postgraduate student of Babcock University who use library resources. The instrument used for the study was a structured questionnaire divided into two parts. Part one dealt with the bio-data of the students which included the age, sex, marital status and educational level of the respondents. While section two included items eliciting information on library resources. Twenty-one (31) item close ended questions were designed to be answered by the respondents.\par
A total enumeration sampling technique was used for the selected sample base on the homogeneous of the population. A total of 51 respondents made the population and sample for this study. While distributing the questionnaire it was ensured that none of the respondents was given a questionnaire twice. A total of 51 questionnaires were distributed and all were returned. Giving a response rate of 100 \%.\par
Descriptive statistics was employed to analysis the data using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The analysis included the use of frequencies, percentages and correlation statistics analysis. 
\section[{V.}]{V.}\par
Findings and Discussion Demographic information on the respondents revealed that all of them 51 (100\%) respondents were male undergraduates. This implies that all the respondents for this study are all male. Their age group ranges from 40-49 years that is 26 (51\%) and respondents were 50 and above 25 (49\%). All of the respondents were married 51(100\%). Finally, all the respondents have a minimum of either MSC or MA educational level 51(100\%). Table \hyperref[tab_2]{2} revealed that respondents view on the extend they use the stated library materials. From the analysis it is revealed that the most frequently used library materials is the online database and this is followed by Dictionaries, books, encyclopedia which are used daily, while the least is use material is CD-ROM database. In other words, respondents utilize online database of the university and dictionaries often to enhance their research study than any other information resources in available in the library. This result contradict that of Hussain and Kumar, (2013) who found that books, newspapers and periodicals are the most used by the group of postgraduate students he sampled in their study. Their finding also correlates with that of Ugai (2001) who found out that textbooks account for most library visits.  Table \hyperref[tab_3]{3} revealed the respondents perception on the extent to which the library resources they used has impacted into their research work. From the responses it was revealed that all the library resources have a very low impact on their respective research work. This implies that they have not benefited much from the library resources. With less than 35\% of the respondents' indication a high degree of impact of the library resources on their research works. This implies that the library resources available to them fail to meet and improve their research work.  \hyperref[tab_4]{4} above reveals the respondents objective view on the library resources accessibility in their respective institution. From the responses the degree of the stated materials accessibility is high. 
\section[{VI.}]{VI.} 
\section[{Frequency of use of Library Materials}]{Frequency of use of Library Materials} 
\section[{Volume XIV Issue VI Version I}]{Volume XIV Issue VI Version I}\par
This implies that all the materials are highly accessible. However, the most accessible among them all is Bibliography, Books, Directories, Printed, while the least is abstract. Table \hyperref[tab_5]{5} above revealed the respondents level of satisfaction with the library resources. From their response it is revealed that 8(15.7\%) of the respondents said they are very much highly satisfied, 17(33.3\%) are highly satisfied, 18(35.3\%) are lowly satisfied, while 8(15.7\%) are not satisfied. Hence, majority of the respondent's level of satisfaction with the use of library information resources is below average. This implies that majority of them are not reasonably satisfied with the library resources. \hyperref[b2]{Bassey, (2006)} posited that satisfying the request of users implies providing the actual information or services that will meet their needs. 
\section[{VII.}]{VII.} 
\section[{Test of Hypothesis}]{Test of Hypothesis}\par
H o : There is no significant relationship among AUA post graduate students accessibility and use of library resources in Babcock University. The stated hypothesis on table 6 was tested using Spearman Correlation to actually check the relationship between the two state variables, Accessibility of library resources and the use of library resources. From the result the coefficient of the correlation is 0.481. This implies that there is a positive relationship between the two variables with Mean value of 1.2435 and Standard Deviation of 0.5396 for the first variable while the second variable has Mean value of 1.4341 and Standard Deviation of 0.4765. And this is significant at a significant level less than 0.05. Hence, the H 0 is rejected; this invariably implies that there is a significant relationship among AUA post graduate student's accessibility and use of library resources in Babcock University. 
\section[{VIII. Conclusion and Recommendations}]{VIII. Conclusion and Recommendations}\par
Libraries in Nigerian universities should regularly evaluates the quality, adequacy, and use of their library's information resources and services in other to meet up with the quality of library services which was the aim of this study. According to Ajayi and Adetayo (2005), if Nigeria and Africa is to excel in the research output, students are to have foresight of the opportunities open to them; they must be given access to books, periodicals, data-bases, technical data and opinion, which will transform and project their view about cultural, scientific, technical and social ideas. Hence, the libraries are the mechanisms for granting access to researcher.\par
Library resources when adequately provided and utilized would produce great critical thinkers and well taught graduate students in Nigerian universities. From the findings, the result indicates that the postgraduate student's of Adventist University of Africa in Babcock university frequently on a daily bases used library materials such as online database and this is followed by Dictionaries, books, encyclopedia for their research study. It was further revealed among AUA postgraduates students that all the library information resources have a very low impact on their respective research work. This had an effect on majority of the respondent's level of satisfaction of library information resources which was low.\par
However, all the information resources provided by the Babcock university library were all highly accessible to them. In order to establish the relationship between accessibility and use of library resources among AUA post graduate students in Babcock University a correlation statistics analysis was used to determine it which result indicates a positive relationship. Even though library users may make limited use of library resources, they continue to trust libraries as reliable source of information for their academic pursuits. Nigerian university administrators and decision-makers should use the results of the evaluations based on the use and satisfaction of the library resources to improve the effectiveness of these resources. This could be done by providing enough funding for the universities libraries so that both digital resources and library resources are provided for the use of postgraduates and faculty members. The library has an important role to play in education and each educational institution should have a library with adequate funds, infrastructure, collections, and technology \hyperref[b7]{(Seth and Parida 2006)}. Although, electronic resources no matter how flexible cannot replace the function of the library in an academic environment. This further explains why African universities should try in making their libraries equipped so that adequate and timely materials would be provided for the academic community and increases library relevantly by maintaining their patrons of various kinds.\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.4346590909090909\textwidth}P{0.2125\textwidth}P{0.09176136363636364\textwidth}P{0.11107954545454544\textwidth}}
Demographic Characteristics\tabcellsep Categories\tabcellsep Frequency\tabcellsep Percentage\\
Sex\tabcellsep Male\tabcellsep 51\tabcellsep 100\\
Age\tabcellsep 40-49\tabcellsep 26\tabcellsep 51\\
\tabcellsep 50 and above\tabcellsep 25\tabcellsep 49\\
Marital status\tabcellsep Married\tabcellsep 51\tabcellsep 100\\
Educational level\tabcellsep MSC/MA\tabcellsep 51\tabcellsep 100\\
Source: Field Survey, 2014\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}}
works\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}Table 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.07456140350877193\textwidth}P{0.22964912280701755\textwidth}P{0.146140350877193\textwidth}P{0.15359649122807018\textwidth}P{0.1431578947368421\textwidth}P{0.10289473684210526\textwidth}}
S/N\tabcellsep Library Resources\tabcellsep very low degree\tabcellsep low degree\tabcellsep high degree\tabcellsep very high Degree\\
1.\tabcellsep Encyclopedia\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\tabcellsep 16(31.4\%)\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%))\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\\
2.\tabcellsep Dictionaries\tabcellsep 25(49\%)\tabcellsep 8(15.7\%)\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\\
3.\tabcellsep Print Journals\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\tabcellsep 8(15.7\%)\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\\
4.\tabcellsep Online database\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\tabcellsep 8(15.7\%)\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\\
5.\tabcellsep Journals\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\tabcellsep 16(31.4\%)\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\\
6.\tabcellsep Books\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\tabcellsep 8(15.7\%)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 26(51\%)\\
7.\tabcellsep Bibliographies\tabcellsep 26(51\%)\tabcellsep 16(31.4\%)\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\tabcellsep \\
8.\tabcellsep CD ROM Database\tabcellsep 26(51\%)\tabcellsep 16(31.4\%)\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\tabcellsep \\
9.\tabcellsep Indexes and abstract\tabcellsep 8(15.7\%)\tabcellsep 25(49\%)\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\tabcellsep \\
10.\tabcellsep Thesis or\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 33(64.7\%)\tabcellsep 18(35.3\%)\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep Dissertations\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Source: Field Survey, 2014}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_3}Table 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.08088235294117647\textwidth}P{0.2176470588235294\textwidth}P{0.1602941176470588\textwidth}P{0.14852941176470588\textwidth}P{0.09705882352941177\textwidth}P{0.14558823529411763\textwidth}}
S/N\tabcellsep Library Resources\tabcellsep Very High\tabcellsep High Degree\tabcellsep Low Degree\tabcellsep Very Low\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Degree\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Degree\\
1.\tabcellsep Bibliographies\tabcellsep 18(35.3\%)\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\tabcellsep 8(15.7\%)\\
2.\tabcellsep Books\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\tabcellsep 26(51\%)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 8(15.7\%)\\
3.\tabcellsep Directories\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\tabcellsep 26(51\%)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 8(15.7\%)\\
4.\tabcellsep Print Journals\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\tabcellsep 8(15.7\%)\\
5.\tabcellsep Dictionaries\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\tabcellsep 25(49\%)\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\tabcellsep \\
6.\tabcellsep Encyclopedia\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\\
7.\tabcellsep Online Databases\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\\
8.\tabcellsep Dissertations or Thesis\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\tabcellsep 8(15.7\%)\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\\
9.\tabcellsep CD-ROM Database\tabcellsep 8(15.7\%)\tabcellsep 26(51\%)\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\tabcellsep 8(15.7\%)\\
10.\tabcellsep Abstracts\tabcellsep 8(15.7\%)\tabcellsep 8(15.7\%)\tabcellsep 9(17.6\%)\tabcellsep 17(33.3\%)\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Source: Field Survey, 2014}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Table\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_4}Table 4 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{5} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.31043478260869567\textwidth}P{0.3584782608695652\textwidth}P{0.07021739130434781\textwidth}P{0.1108695652173913\textwidth}}
Year 2014\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
18\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Volume XIV Issue VI Version I\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
G )\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
(\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Global Journal of Human Social Science -\tabcellsep Very Highly Satisfied Highly Satisfied\tabcellsep Frequency 8 17\tabcellsep Percent 15.7 33.3\\
\tabcellsep Lowly Satisfied\tabcellsep 18\tabcellsep 35.3\\
\tabcellsep Not Satisfied\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 15.7\\
\tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep 51\tabcellsep 100.0\\
\tabcellsep Source: Field Survey, 2014\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_5}Table 5 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{6} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.6274678111587983\textwidth}P{0.07660944206008584\textwidth}P{0.06566523605150215\textwidth}P{0.05836909871244635\textwidth}P{0.02188841201716738\textwidth}}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{: Correlations}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Variables\tabcellsep Correlation(r)\tabcellsep Mean\tabcellsep St.d\tabcellsep P\\
Accessibility of library resources.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1.2435\tabcellsep 0.5396\tabcellsep 0.000\\
The use of library resources\tabcellsep 0.481**\tabcellsep 1.4341\tabcellsep 0.4765\tabcellsep \\
N\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 51\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Source: Field Survey, 2014\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_6}Table 6}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2014 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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