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\textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space} }{% \vskip8pt \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt } \usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos} \makeatother \usepackage{lineno} \linenumbers \begin{document} \author[1]{Muhammad Kristiawan} \affil[1]{ State University of Padang} \renewcommand\Authands{ and } \date{\small \em Received: 10 December 2013 Accepted: 4 January 2014 Published: 15 January 2014} \maketitle \begin{abstract} This research based on a preliminary study that the quality of teachers in Indonesia nowadays not much different from 2007. The teachers did not apply ideal teaching strategy, they did not realize the change of school based curriculum into curriculum 2013. The result of preliminary observation revealed that the teachers could not operate computer as well, the national result of teachers' competency test on August and October in 2012 was lowand also UNESCO (2011) stated that ICT in education policies have to tackle teacher competencies, learning materials, ICT equipment, student and teacher's motivation.This study was aimed at implementing A Model for Upgrading Teacher's Competence on Operating Computer as Assistant of Instruction. This study related to recent research at Saudi Arabia, Turkey, India, United State of America, Iran, Kenya and Tanzania that the computer assisted instruction as a supplementary instructional strategy in effective teaching, it includes providing teachers with professional development, and in order to successfully implement ICT in educational practice.A Research and Development (R&D) approach was conducted in this study. Ninety four (94) secondary school teachers were selected as sample by using purposive technique from five hundred fifty (550) populations that were used as pilot test to determine the effect of this model toward the teachers' competence on operating computer. \end{abstract} \keywords{model, teacher's competence, operating computer, instruction.} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}} \end{textblock*} \let\tabcellsep& \section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par his research started from a preliminary study that the quality of teachers in Indonesia nowadays not much different from 2007 before there was a teachers' certification (Media Indonesia, November17 th , 2012). According to World Bank (2013: 73) teacher's certification"?shows no significant impact on learning outcomes". While the budgetary costs for this program was not less (Media Indonesia, November21 st , 2012). The World Bank's conclusion was obtained after researching since 2009 in 240 public primary schools and120 secondary school in Indonesia, involving 39.531 students. Test resulted between students were taught teachers certified and not certified for Mathematics, Indonesian, English, and Natural Science were compared. As a result, there is no influence of the teachers' certification program toward students' learning outcomes, both in primary and secondary schools (World Bank, 2013: 71-72). Jalal (2012) at the World Innovation Summit for Education (WISE) in Doha, Qatar, on November 15 th , 2012 also described "the certification did not change the quality of learning in the classroom. Teachers' mastery of subject and the pedagogy was weak".\par Professor of Education of New Zealand, John Hattie did a meta-analysis of more than 800 factors that affect the quality of education, the results were related to the teacher. "The quality of teachers had value doubled impact than the curriculum" (Media Indonesia, April 8th, 2013).There had been many studies which stated that the quality of teachers is low and needs to be improved, but the classical learning approach his still well-liked by teachers as efficient in the use of time, in addition, it is also economical and practical in delivering learning content. Teachers argued that the classical learning approach will easily control the speed of teaching so it is easy to determine when the completion of the delivery of the entire contents of the lesson. However, admittedly not always learning with classical learning approach can take place properly. According to {\ref Wena, (2009: 202)} negative symptoms often complained by the teacher that"?the students became quickly bored and dis not pay attention to the material".\par Istiqomah \& Sulton (2013: 2) stated that "?the low quality of teachers was seen from the results of the implementation of the Teachers' Competency Test (UKG) obtained results were quite alarming. Average grades UKG nationally was 44". \section[{Table 1: Budget for Teachers' Certification}]{Table 1: Budget for Teachers' Certification}\par The findings revealed that a model was considered valid, practical and effective. This conclusion is relevance to both teachers and the educational policy in Indonesia. This research implies needs to be consideration not just of how to bolt and weld computer science into the curriculum, but also how to ensure that teachers remain equipped to teach pupils fundamental ICT skills. According to Istiqomah \& Sulton (2013:2) "the low grade UKG teachers was influenced by many factors. Among these factors was the lack of teachers in pedagogy and less familiar for teachers to operate a computer". It was also indicated that "the training of teachers that had been done showed some weaknesses still occurred" as expressed by Kompas, December 29 th , 2012. \section[{Score of Teachers}]{Score of Teachers}\par Based on several empirical studies, the drawbacks of computer use as assistant of instruction is considered one for the appropriate solution. Utilization of computers in instruction brings change tradition. Utilization of computers in the instructional system can be self-regulated learning (instructor independent) or also combined with the directly instructional process (face-to-face in the classroom) that rely on the presence of the teacher.\par According to {\ref Wena (2009: 202}) "instructional model/instructional resources related to ICT and now becomes the attention of the world is a computer assisted instructional model and learning through electronic media (e-learning) based web-based learning (WBL)". This is in line with the changes in the School Based Curriculum (KTSP) to Curriculum 2013. Where elements of the curriculum changes for secondary school is directed to "ICT becomes a learning tool (integrated) in all subjects, or do not stand alone" (Public Test Materials Curriculum 2013 Kemendikbud, November29 th , 2012).\par From the preliminary observations made by researcher at the Secondary School teachers which consisted of \hyperref[b23]{24} This research is also related to the late finding in Iran which was written by Karami, Karami \& Attaran (2013) concluded that"?trainee teachers who integrate problem based learning with ICT in solving a problem may develop more professional content knowledge and teaching skill". This research is related to the finding in Tanzania which was released by \hyperref[b41]{Ndibalema (2014)} concluded that "?low familiarity with ICT use as a pedagogical tool among teachers was found to be a problem. The use of ICT as a pedagogical tool in Tanzania seems to be a critical situation among teachers". Next, this research is also related to the research in Kenya which was produced by \hyperref[b43]{Nyambane \& Nzuki (2014)} that"?integrating technology into classroom practices is one of the challenges the 21 st century teachers face. Professional development, accessibility of ICT resources influence teachers' adoption and integration of technologies into their classrooms".\par This research is presented because the computer will give new power in improving teachers' competence and students' motivation. This reason asks the education to utilize computer as assistant of instruction. Today's development issue about computer was written by \hyperref[b10]{Bennet (2012)} that computer assisted instruction "?includes providing teachers with professional development, encouraging interaction, providing students with suitable technology, and selecting students with skills to work indepently". Next, Voogt, Knezek, Cox, Knezek \& Brummelhuis (2013) also stated on their finding that seventy international policy makers, reseachers and practitioners of education "?developed a Call to Action, where policy, research, and leadership need to join forces in order to successfully implement ICT in educational practice".\par Beechler \& Williams (2012) supports this research where he found computer in United State of America"?assist ESL students learn basic sight words is effective and enhances motivation". \hyperref[b54]{Siddiqui \& Khatoon (2013)} also supports this research where he found computer assisted instruction India "?was more effective in enhancing the students' achievement in Physical Science than traditional instruction". Next, Premalatha (2012) stated on his finding that computer assisted instruction "?providing learners with conducive environment at school and home by motivating them to involve in studies and making learning interesting". Then, this research is related to the recent ICT policy on education based on UNESCO (2011: 1) ICT on education is to upgrade"?teacher competencies, learning materials, ICT equipment, student and teacher motivation". UNESCO (2011: 3) concluded that the framework of continuing teachers development in using ICT for"1) enabling students to use ICT; 2) enabling students to apply their knowledge to real-world problems; and 3) enabling students create the new knowledge required for more harmonious".\par The exploring; assosiating; and communicating". Each phases which is related to ICT, the teacher should show the video or picture where is obtained through You tube; Adobe Photoshop and Macromedia Flash. Then, the teacher should ask the students to submit an assignment through Email and they calculate the scores by using Microsoft Excel. The model on this research is related to the finding in Ghana which was written by Amenyedzi, Lartey \& Dzomeku (2012), he found that internet and computer "?helped students to achieve new things such as finishing assignments, solving problems, learning history of other countries, improving typing skills, and chatting with friends". According to Amenyedzi, Lartey \& Dzomeku (2012) "teachers used the internet as an innovative way of improving teaching and learning, used the Internet for e-mail and browsing and computer and Internet usage as supplementary educational material to enhance quality education". This research is supported by the research of Microsoft Word in Iran which was released by Kazem, Bafghi \& Allami (2011) that Computer Assisted Instruction based Microsoft Word "?caused a statistically significant scores of the experimental and improved their language proficiency, this new method is much more effective compared to the traditional lecturing method". Then, this research is related to the finding of Microsoft Word in United State of America which was released by Stock meyer (2009) that the programs of Microsoft Word"?have made it almost as easy to assess the readability of a document as it is to check its spelling". Next, this research is related to the finding of Microsoft Word in Irak which was produced by Sarsoh, Hashem \& Hendi (2012) concluded that"?to hide the secret message in original text, and retrieve the original text after the determination of hidden data obtained results between the original text and the text contains the hidden data shows that the two texts are virtually identical".\par The next finding related to this research was Microsoft Excel in Dallas which was written by Elliot, Hynan, Reisch \& Smith (2006) stated that Microsoft Excel "?will save researchers' time and money and result in a data set better suited to answer research questions". The next relevant research was Microsoft Power Point in United State of America which was released by \hyperref[b5]{Bartsch \& Cobern (2003)} stated that slide Power point "?can be beneficial, but material that is not pertinent to the presentation can be harmful to students' learning". The next research related to this research is Adobe Photo shop which was produced by Wexler (2012) that Adobe Photoshop "?extended adds the highest quality imaging toolset and broadest range of digital imaging cap abilities". Next, this research is related to the finding of Macromedia Flash which was produced by \hyperref[b60]{Sutopo (2011)} that Macromedia Flash "?with Action Script, which classify into design factor, multimedia factor, and programming factor, succeeds in generating algorithm visualization".\par The next finding related to this study was Quiz Creator released by Rochmah (2013)"there is a system of evaluation of the effectiveness ratio test electronic form using Wonder share quiz creator and paper test in terms of student achievement test on the material word processing application". Then, this research is related to the finding of Email in United State of America which was written by \hyperref[b37]{Meho (2006)} stated that email"?can be in many cases a viable alternative to face-to-face and telephone interviewing". The next relevant finding was email in India which was produced by Ban day (2011) there needs"?a major educational campaign to aware e-mail users about e-mail security issues and train them in use of security protocols and procedures".\par The next relevant study is Blogin Germany which was produced by Schmidt, Wilbers \& Paetzolt (2006) a software Blog is "?would not only reach a refined understanding of this relatively new phenomenon, but also contribute to a better understanding of computer-mediated communication and interaction in general". Then, this study is related to the finding Blogin Australia which was written by Hook way (2008) that Blog since 1999 "?have become a significant feature of online culture and a new addition to the qualitative researcher's toolkit and some of the practical, theoretical and methodological". The next relevant study was You tube in Florida which was released by \hyperref[b35]{Chenail (2008)} that You tube offers"?video clips introducing basic qualitative research concepts, sharing qualitative data from interviews and field observations, and presenting completed research studies". The next relevant finding was Face book in Malaysia which was written by Esteves (2012) stated that Face book"?proved to be an effective tool in enhancing the delivery of a distance education course. It was effective for teaching and enriching practical skills courses delivered online".\par The use of computers in education and learning can be used to help learning more effective. Computer plays a major role in learning, because the Computer enable to assist educators in facilitating learning, even to motivate and accelerate students' learning. However there was a research related to computer assisted instruction in Nigeria produced by \hyperref[b26]{Imhanlahimi \& Imhanlahimi (2008)} From all the data either observation and interview can be concluded that Secondary School Teachers of Padang did not utilize the computer as assistant of instruction. The score from observation was 40. 53, it indicated that the competence of teachers to utilize the computer as assistant of instruction was poor. It showed that a product was needed to be presented to overcome the weaknesses of teachers in the use of Furthermore, the schools already had a Computer Laboratory; and teachers also had a laptop. This was consistent when applying a model in the form of webbased learning.\par The last, researcher conducted Theory Analysis associated with CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction). CAI is the use of a computer directly to the students about the content of the lesson, provides training and testing the students' progress. CAI is the use of computer as a tool in education and teaching. CAI helps students understand the material and can repeat the material over and over until the students master the materials. According to {\ref Bright (1983: 144-152)}, when compared to traditional teaching approaches, CAI is very effective and efficient. The students will learn faster, master the subject matter more and remember more of what they have learned.\par In a meta an alysisKulik and Kulik (1991: 75-94) the results of research on the effectiveness of CAI for 25 years, concluded that: 1) students learn more materials from the computer; 2) students remember what they have learned through CAI longer; 3) students need a little time; 4) students feel more comfortable in the classroom; and 5) students have a positive attitude toward computer. \hyperref[b16]{Criswell (1989)} defines CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) means deliver instructional materials to actively engage learners and to allow feedback.\par In the design phase, the researcher made a frame building concept a model in the form of webbased learning. The design was made in accordance with the results of the need analysis conducted on the sample. The design here described an overview of the work flow system. The picture was stratified, the upper level was log in and the lowest level there was the level of achievement of the respondents.\par This model is also called the layered models. In {\ref this} Then the application will read the database to determine if the username and password that is entered is valid or not. If invalid, then the member will be asked again to enter the username and password correctly; 3. If valid, then the member will go to the member page which displays a list of video tutorials that can be done; 4. Then the member chooses to carry out the first video tutorials, and filling pretest questions are provided; 5. If the level of achievement of the respondent in accordance with the standards set value, then the passed member can continue to work on the next video;\par 6. If it does not pass, then the member will be required to watch the video tutorials to further advance work on the posttest; 7. If the results of posttest achievement level does not meet the standards set value, then the member is asked to watch back the video tutorial; and 8. If the level of achievement of the respondents are in accordance with the standards set value, means the member is passed and can work on the next tutorial.\par In the development phase, researcher developed a model based design had been prepared and the focus was on the presentation of the materials. Then the model was given to the validator to be validated and tested in a focus group discussion The final conclusion of the validation revealed that model can be used with the revision, it got 83.20 (very good). Validation results were then tested and refined on focus group discussions which were held on 29 November 2013. Results of the focus group discussion stated that a model was very good.\par In the implementation phase, researcher with schools prepared teachers in the study sample, computer experts, instructional media (computer / laptop and LCD) and set up a study room. Furthermore, researcher tested the effectiveness and practicalities of the model.\par The results of t-test analysis from per secondary school and per subject teachers explained that tcoun t on a model was greater than ttable {\ref (39,310> 2,000}) and the value of the P value was very small with acquisition values Sig. (,000) 2,000)and the value of the P value was very small with acquisition values Sig. (,000)