@incollection{,
	
					
					
					9DE10FBD999668978265DF6512D8D361
				,
	author={{Emuedo} and {Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Iyanomo, Nigeria.}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}},
	journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}146916
}

@book{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{of the Project Conservation and Sustainable Utilisation of Mangrove Forests in Latin America and Africa Regions. International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems}}
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	author={{
			OJAdegbehin
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	year={1993}
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	address={Okinawa, Japan}
		
	
	,
	note={Technical Report}
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	note={Mangroves in Nigeria}

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Survey of heavy metals in the catfish Synodontis clarias}}
		,
	author={{
			IEAgbozu
		} and {
			KEEkweozor
		} and {
			KOpuene
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology}}
		
			4
			1
			
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	year={2007}
		
	

}

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		,
	title={{}}
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	author={{
			RTAkinyele
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			,
	year={1998}
		
	
	,
	note={Institutional Approach to the Environmental Problems of the Niger Delta" in}

}

@incollection{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			AOsuntokun
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Current issues in Nigerian Environment}}
		
			,
	publisher={Davidson press}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Genesis, Classification and Heavy Metal Retention Potential of Soils in Mangrove Forest}}
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	author={{
			AAAmusan
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			IFAdeniyi
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	year={2005}
		
	

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		,
	title={{Standard Methods for the Examination of water and Waste-water 20 th ed}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{APHA}}
		
			,
	year={1998}
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	publisher={American Public Health Association}
		
	

}

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		,
	title={{The Human Ecosystems of the Niger Delta. Ibadan; Krat books, Ltd}}
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	author={{
			Ashton-Jones
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			N
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	year={1998}
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		,
	title={{Impacts of Global Climate Change and Sea level rise on Coastal Resources and Energy Development in Nigeria}}
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	author={{
			LFAwosika
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	editor={Umolu J.C.,}
		
			,
	year={1995}
			,
	publisher={DAMTECH Nigeria Limited}
			,
	address={Nigeria}
		
	
	,
	note={(ed) Global Climate Change: Impact on Energy Development}

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		,
	title={{The corporate responsibility debate}}
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	author={{
			JBanfield
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			,
	year={1998. November}
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	publisher={African Business}
			
		
	

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@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Mine-water chemistry: The good, the bad and the ugly}}
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	author={{
			DBanks
		} and {
			PLYounger
		} and {
			RTArnesen
		} and {
			ERIversen
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			SBBanks
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	journal={{Environmental Geology}}
		
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	year={1997}
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Mangrove in the Niger River Delta}}
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	author={{
			NBassey
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		,
	booktitle={{The oil flows, the Earth Bleeds}}
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	editor={
			EBVelasquez
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			,
	year={1999}
		
	

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	title={{Anomalous pneumatophores and adventitious roots of Avicennia marina}}
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	author={{
			BBöer
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	year={1993}
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	publisher={Forssk}
		
	

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		,
	title={{Man¬groves two years after the 1991 Gulf War oil spill in Saudi Arabia}}
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	author={{
			Vierh
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		,
	title={{}}
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	author={{
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		,
	journal={{Phytoplankton. Edward Arnold}}
		
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	year={1983}
		
	

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		,
	title={{Water Quality Management in Fish Ponds}}
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	author={{
			CEBoyd
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			Agriculture Experimental Station (I.C.A.A), Auburn University
		
	

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		,
	title={{A case study of insitu oil contamination in a mangrove swamp}}
		,
	author={{
			EM SBrito
		} and {
			RDuran
		} and {
			RGuyoneaud
		} and {
			MGoñi-Urriza
		} and {
			TGOteyza
		} and {
			MA CCrapez
		} and {
			IAleluia
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			JC AWasserman
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		,
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			58
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{How many years until mangrove ecosystems recover from catastrophic oil spills?}}
		,
	author={{
			KABurns
		} and {
			SDGarrity
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	year={1993}
		
	

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@book{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Galeta oil spill. II. Unexpected persistence of oil trapped in mangrove sediments}}
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	author={{
			KABurns
		} and {
			SDGarrity
		} and {
			DJorrisen
		} and {
			JMacpherson
		} and {
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			,
	year={1994}
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science}}
		
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		,
	title={{Bays, bait and Bowling Greenpilchards and sardines: part 1, Sportfish Australia}}
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	author={{
			MCappo
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	year={1995a}
			
		
	

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@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{Bays, bait and Bowling Greenin-shore herrings and sardines: part 2}}
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	author={{
			MCappo
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		,
	journal={{Sportfish Australia}}
		
			
			,
	year={1995b}
		
	

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@incollection{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{Persistence of spilled crude oil in a tropical intertidal environment}}
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	author={{
			JECorredor
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		,
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	year={1990}
		
	

}

@incollection{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Waste Water Reuse and Recycling Technology}}
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	author={{
			GCup
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		,
	journal={{Pollution Technology Review}}
		
			77
			,
	year={1986}
		
	

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@incollection{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{Some effects of agricultural land use on stream insect communities}}
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	author={{
			KWDance
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	year={1980}
		
	

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@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in water, sedimart and periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) from Elechi Creek, Niger Delta}}
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	author={{
			OADavies
		} and {
			MEAllison
		} and {
			HSUyi
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		,
	journal={{Africa Journal of Biotechnology}}
		
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			10
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

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	title={{Trade and Politics in the Niger Delta}}
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	author={{
			KDike
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	year={1956}
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	publisher={Claredon Press}
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	address={Oxford}
		
	

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		,
	title={{The effects of oil and chemically dis¬persed oil in tropical ecosystems: 10 years of monitoring experimental sites}}
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	author={{
			REDodge
		} and {
			BJBaca
		} and {
			AHKnap
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			SCSnedaker
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		}}
		
		
		
		
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			,
	year={1995}
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	publisher={Marine Spill Response Corporation}
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	address={Washington, D.C.}
		
	
	,
	note={MSRC Technical Report Series}

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@book{b27,
	
	
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	title={{The foraminiferal fauna of the Bonny Estuary: A baseline study. Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research}}
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	author={{
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	,
	note={Technical paper No. 64}

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	title={{Fate and Effects of Oil and Dispersed Oil on Mangrove Ecosystems in Australia. Australian Institute of Marine Science and CRC Reef Research Centre, Final Report to the Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association}}
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	author={{
			NDuke
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			KABurns
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			,
	year={1999}
		
	

}

@incollection{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{Mangrove forests recovering from two large oil spills in Bahía Las Minas, Panama, in 1992}}
		,
	author={{
			NCDuke
		} and {
			ZSPinzón
		} and {
			MCPrada
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		,
	booktitle={{Long-Term Assessment of the 1986 Oil Spill at Bahía Las Minas, Panama. MSRC Technical Report Series 93}}
				
			,
	year={1993}
		
	

}

@book{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{Marine Spill Response Corporation}}
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	author={{
			DCWashington
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		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			NCDuke
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	year={1997}
		
	

}

@incollection{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{Large-scale damage to mangrove forests following two large oil spills in Panama}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Biotropica}}
		
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@incollection{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{Dispersant use and a bioremediation strategy as alternate means of reducing impacts of large oil spills on mangroves: The Gladstone field trials}}
		,
	author={{
			NCDuke
		} and {
			KABurns
		} and {
			RP JSwannell
		} and {
			ODalhaus
		} and {
			RJRupp
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Marine Pollution Bulletin}}
		
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			7-12
			
			,
	year={2000}
		
	

}

@book{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{Women in Nigerian History: The Rivers and Bayelsa States Experience, Choba}}
		,
	author={{
			NCEjituwu
		}}
		,
	editor={Ejituwu, N.C. and A.O.I. Gabriel}
		
			,
	year={2003}
			,
	publisher={Onyoma Research Publications}
		
	
	,
	note={Andoni women in Time Perspective}

}

@book{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Funiwa-5 Oil Blow-out. International Seminar on the Petroleum Industry and the Nigerian Environment}}
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	author={{
			EEkekwe
		}}
		
			,
	year={1981}
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	publisher={NNPC}
			
			,
	address={Lagos}
		
	

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		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			AOEmuedo
		} and {
			GOAnoliefo
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	year={2008}
		
	

}

@book{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{Ecophysiological Implications of Crude oil pollution on Rhizophora recemosa}}
		,
	editor={G.F.W MEYER-FWTA}
		
	

}

@incollection{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Nigerian Journal of Botany}}
		
			21
			2
			
		
	

}

@book{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{Oil, the Nigerian State and Human Security in the Niger Delta}}
		,
	author={{
			COEmuedo
		}}
		
			,
	year={2010}
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			,
	address={Nigeria}
		
		
			University of Benin
		
	
	,
	note={Ph. D Thesis}

}

@incollection{b40,
	
	
		,
	title={{Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Zinc Tissue Levels in Bonga Shad(Ethmalosa fimbriata) and Tilapia (Tilapia guineensis) Caught from Imo River}}
		,
	author={{
			MUEtesin
		} and {
			UBNsikak
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		,
	journal={{Nigeria . American Journal of Food Technology}}
		
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			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@book{b41,
	
	
		,
	title={{National Programme to Combat Desertification}}
		
			,
	year={2005}
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	publisher={University Press}
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	address={Oxford}
		
	
	,
	note={FAO (Food and Agricultural Organisation)}

}

@book{b42,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			AFischlin
		} and {
			GFMidgley
		} and {
			JTPrice
		} and {
			RLeemans
		} and {
			BGopal
		} and {
			CTurley
		} and {
			MD ARounsevell
		} and {
			OPDube
		} and {
			JTarazona
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			AAVelichko
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			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b43,
	
	
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate}}
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	editor={
			M LChange
			OFParry
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			PJPalutikof
			CEVan Der Linden
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	publisher={Cambridge University Press}
			
		
	

}

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		,
	title={{}}
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	author={{
			KFurukawa
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			EWolanski
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	year={1996}
		
	

}

@incollection{b45,
	
	
		,
	title={{Sedimentation in mangrove forests}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Mangroves and Salt Marshes}}
		
			1
			
		
	

}

@book{b46,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			DLGrant
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			PJClarke
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	year={1993}
		
	

}

@incollection{b47,
	
	
		,
	title={{The response of grey mangrove (Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.) seedlings to spills of crude oil}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology}}
		
			171
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b48,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Galeta oil spill I. Long term effects on the structure of the mangrove fringe}}
		,
	author={{
			SGarrity
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			SLevings
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			KABurns
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		,
	journal={{Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science}}
		
			38
			
			,
	year={1994}
		
	

}

@book{b49,
	
	
		,
	title={{Youth Militancy, Amnesty and Security in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria}}
		,
	author={{
			LDGilbert
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			,
	year={2010}
			,
	address={In V}
		
	

}

@book{b50,
	
	
		,
	title={{Checkmating the Resurgence of Oil Violence in the Niger Delta of Nigeria}}
		,
	author={{
			&L DOjakorotu
		} and {
			Gilbert
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}

@incollection{b51,
	
	
		,
	title={{Evaluation of some heavy metals in Tilapia nicolitica found in selected Rivers in Bayelsa State}}
		,
	author={{
			.JGodwin
		} and {
			NEVaikosen
		} and {
			CJNjoku
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			JSebye
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		,
	journal={{Electronic Journal Environmental Agricultural and Food Chemistry}}
		
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			7
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@book{b52,
	
	
		,
	title={{Shell Shocked: the Environmental and Social Cost of Living with Shell in Nigeria}}
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	author={{
			Green Peace International
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	year={1994}
		
	

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@incollection{b53,
	
	
		,
	title={{Coastal management issues in the Northern Territory: An Assessment of current and future problems}}
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	author={{
			LRHanley
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		,
	journal={{Marine Pollution Bulletin}}
		
			25
			
			,
	year={1992}
		
	

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@incollection{b54,
	
	
		,
	title={{Physico-chemical and benthic fauna of Woji Creek in the Lower Niger Delta}}
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	author={{
			AIHart
		} and {
			NZabbey
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		,
	journal={{Nigeria. Environmental Ecology}}
		
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	year={2005}
		
	

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@book{b55,
	
	
		,
	title={{Coastal processes field manual for oil spill assessment. Prepared for NOAA, Office of Marine Pollution Assessment}}
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	author={{
			MOHayes
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			ERGundlach
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			,
	year={1979. 1997}
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	publisher={Research Planning Institute, Inc ., South Carolina}
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	address={Boulder, Colorado}
		
	

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@incollection{b56,
	
	
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Rural Nigeria: Issues in the Ogoni Crisis}}
				Harare
		
			1
		
	

}

@incollection{b57,
	
	
		,
	title={{Engendering civil society: Oil, women groups and resource conflicts in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria}}
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	author={{
			AIkelegbe
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		,
	journal={{Journal of Modern African Studie}}
		
			43
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			,
	year={2005}
		
	

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	title={{IPIECA (International}}
		
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@incollection{b59,
	
	
		,
	title={{Niger Delta natural resources damage assessment and restoration Project -Phase I scoping report}}
		,
	author={{
			Iucn/Ceesp
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		,
	journal={{IUCN Commission report on Environmental, Economic, and Social Policy}}
		
			14
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	year={2006. May 31}
		
	

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		,
	title={{An integrated approach to development in the Niger Delta}}
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	author={{
			FIyayi
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	year={2004}
		
	
	,
	note={A paper prepared for the Centre for Democracy and Development (CDD}

}

@incollection{b61,
	
	
		,
	title={{Ecological effects of a major oil spill on Panamanian coastal marine communities}}
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	author={{
			JBJackson
		} and {
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			BDKeller
		} and {
			VBatista
		} and {
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		} and {
			MCaffey
		} and {
			RLCaldwell
		} and {
			SDGarrity
		} and {
			DCGetter
		} and {
			CGonzalez
		} and {
			HM KGuzmman
		} and {
			WKaufmann
		} and {
			AHKnap
		} and {
			SCLevings
		} and {
			MJMarshall
		} and {
			RSteger
		} and {
			RCThompson
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	year={1989}
		
	

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@incollection{b62,
	
	
		,
	title={{Temporal Pattern in Macrobenthic Communities of the Hawksbury Estuary}}
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	author={{
			ARJones
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		,
	journal={{New South Wales. Australian .Journal of Marsh and Freshwater Residue}}
		
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	year={1987}
		
	

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@incollection{b63,
	
	
		,
	title={{Physico-chemical features of Thana Creek}}
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	author={{
			SDKadam
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		,
	journal={{Environmental Ecology}}
		
			10
			
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	year={1992}
		
	

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	title={{Niger Delta Economies of Violence}}
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	author={{
			DKemedi
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			,
	year={2005}
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	address={Berkeley, USA}
		
		
			University of California
		
	
	,
	note={Working Paper No. 5. International Studies}
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	note={Oil on Troubled Waters}

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@incollection{b65,
	
	
		,
	title={{Effect of Drilling Fluid Additives on the Niger Delta Environment: A Case Study of the Soku Oil Fields}}
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	author={{
			BSKinigoma
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		,
	journal={{Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management}}
		
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			1
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@book{b66,
	
	
		,
	title={{Marine Ecology, V. 1. Environmental factors, part 1. A comprehensive, integrated treatise on life in oceans and coastal waters}}
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	author={{
			OKinne
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	year={1970}
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	publisher={Wiley-Interscience}
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	address={New York}
		
	

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	title={{Site selection for aquaculture: Chemical features of water. Working Paper African Regional Aquaculture Centre}}
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	author={{
			MNKutty
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	year={1987}
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	address={Port Harcourt}
		
	

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@incollection{b68,
	
	
		,
	title={{Petroleum hydrocarbons and their effects in subtidal regions after major oil spills}}
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	author={{
			RFLee
		} and {
			DSPage
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		,
	journal={{Marine Pollution Bulletin}}
		
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}

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			Liu
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			LCMaia-Santos
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			MCunha-Lignon
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			YSchaeffer-Novelli
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}

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@incollection{b72,
	
	
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}

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	,
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}

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	title={{Effects of the March 18, 1973 oil spill near Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico on tropical marine communities}}
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@incollection{b76,
	
	
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}

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}