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\title{Role of Marx's Conception, Society Happiness and Post Covid Traumatic Recovery on the Resistance to Innovation: Moderating Role of Social Norms}
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             \author[1]{Su  Yun}

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\date{\small \em Received: 1 January 1970 Accepted: 1 January 1970 Published: 1 January 1970}

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\begin{abstract}
        


Globally, innovation adoption is considered a significant element of organizational success, and this phenomenon needs researchers? and regulators? emphasis. Therefore, the current research examines Marx?s conception of society happiness and post-Covid traumatic recovery on the resistance to innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in China. The present research also analyzes the moderating role of social norms among Marx?s conception, society happiness, post-Covid traumatic recovery, and resistance to innovation in SMEs in China. The article has applied the questionnaires method to collect the primary data from the chosen respondents. The research also applied the smart-PLS to analyze the primary data using measurement and structural assessment models. The results indicated that Marx?s conception, society happiness, and post-Covid traumatic recovery have a positive nexus with resistance to innovation in SMEs in China. The results also revealed that the social norms significantly moderate among Marx?s conception, society happiness, post-Covid traumatic recovery, and resistance to innovation in SMEs in China. This article guides the policymakers in formulating policies regarding the innovation adoption that could enhance the firm performance.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{marx?s conception, society happiness, postcovid traumatic recovery, resistance to innovation, social norms.}

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One of the reasons is the business activities offered. As another form of business, SMEs are the form of business that has its root in the low and middle levels of society \hyperref[b10]{(Elston \& Weidinger, 2019}; Naradda Gamage et al., 2020). It has a substantial impact on the middle and lower class of society. They were keeping in view the Chinese SMEs' contribution to the welfare of society and the economy of China. Thus, the present study has selected this form of business.\par
In the 1980s, when China moved from a centrally planned to a market-oriented economy, many Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) arose. Participation of state-owned enterprises has been a feature of economic reforms. Significant SOEs transformed into small and medium non-SOEs till the end of 2004. Simultaneously, many SMEs grew as a result of the non-SOE marketing approach. Chinese SMEs are increasingly contributing to society's welfare and the country's economic progress (Saleem, Li, Ali, Mehreen, \& Mansoor, 2020; Tang, Park, Agarwal, \& Liu, 2020). Businesses became more than difficult; some were anorexic. The cost-cutting impacts were phenomenal in the short run. Employee salary compensation accounts for roughly 50\% of overall business costs. As a result, corporations begin to reduce worker remuneration in order to save operational costs. This has a direct impact the society in terms of happiness etc. as a result of the salary decrease, the employee was disgruntled and resigned. Similarly, one of the most significant problems for SMEs is the high cost of doing business in industrial zones, which results in the introduction of the innovation and the lack of physical infrastructure and high operational costs \hyperref[b5]{(Chien, Pantamee, et al., 2021)}, resulting in almost five million SMEs being added to China every year, indicating an annual growth rate of at least 10\%. SMEs have been one of the economy's driving forces since China's economic revolution (Jia, Tang, \& Kan, 2020; Sun, Zeng, Zhao, Simkins, \& Cui, 2022). In 2019, the number of SMEs was likely to surpass 38 million. In 2017, over 3,100 industrial SMEs in Beijing alone, with annual sales of over 2.8 billion dollars. As a result, small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) are critical to China's economic development. SMEs currently make up more than 90\% of all firms in the country. They also account for more than 60\% of GDP, more than 70\% of patients, Introduction ver the past few decades, the world has witnessed rapid changes in every aspect of life. These changes are due to technological advancements in the world. The changes are introduced in the shape of innovation \hyperref[b4]{(Chien, Kamran, et al., 2021)}. Most of the time, these innovations are accepted by society, but there are adverse situations numerous times. The people used to refuse to accept the introduced innovation due to multiple reasons like 1) against the norms of the society, 2) society is not fully aware of the benefits of the innovation or change, 3) if society is in a transition phase like recovery from Covid then they usually refuse to accept with the logic that they are not in the position to exercise the change until they recovered from the existing situation, 4) by nature human usually avoid the change as it leads to more efforts \hyperref[b34]{(Sovacool, 2018;}\hyperref[b37]{Talwar, Talwar, Kaur, Singh, \& Dhir, 2021;}\hyperref[b43]{Wong, 2019)}. China is a country with a large area population and business opportunities. Over the past few decades, China has brought many people out of the poverty circle due to its best planning. 
\section[{O}]{O}\par
Author: e-mail: suyun@student.usm.my and 80\% of all jobs in the country. Increasing pricing, financial issues, and limited innovation capacity, on the other hand, regularly threaten the survival of SMEs in China. In early 2019, the Chinese government agreed to cut the targeted reserve requirement ratio and change tax policies to boost SMEs' growth. This is likely to draw additional investors to the SME board. These ecommerce platforms' revenue was predicted to reach 6.4 billion US dollars in 2020.\par
The present study will address some gaps does exist in the literature like 1) being one of the essential topics like society happiness, Covid recovery, Marx's conception and resistance to innovation although researched although but still not reached its peak, 2) El-Sholkamy and Fischbach (2019), checked whether innovation in human resources management lead to peoples happiness whereas the present study will replace remove the innovation in human resources management and check the model in Chinese SMEs, 3) the proposed model consist of society happiness, Marx's conception, post Covid traumatic recovery, social norms and resistance to innovation not tested before in China therefore the present study will test the model in Chinese perspective, 4) Lubberink, Blok, van Ophem, van der Velde, and Omta (2018), checked what is the impact of innovation for society, whereas the present study will check whether society happiness lead to resistance to innovation with the addition of variables like post Covid traumatic recovery, Marx's conception and social norms and test the model in China with a new data set model, 5) Nahid (2021), investigated demonstration provoked by Covid-19 along with resistance whereas the present study will test resistance to innovation and post Covid along with moderation effect of social norms in Chinese SMEs. The significance of the study is 1) it will highlight the importance of performance in Chinese SMEs, 2) help the professionals to revamp their policies for the betterment of the SMEs' performance in China, and 3) it will help the researchers to identify multiple aspects associated with the innovation in case of its acceptance or resistance to acceptance.\par
The structure of the present study is comprised of many phases. The first phase is about the introduction. After an introduction, the second phase of the study deals with evidence regarding society's happiness, Marx's conception, post-Covid traumatic recovery, social norms, and resistance to innovation in the light of past studies. The third phase of the study throws light on the methodology applied to collect the data regarding society happiness, Marx's conception, post-Covid traumatic recovery, social norms, and resistance to innovation and analyzes its validity. The fourth phase compares the study results with the findings of other authors about the same subject and thus, approves these results. The paper ends with proper study implications, conclusions, and future recommendations. 
\section[{II.}]{II.} 
\section[{Literature Review}]{Literature Review}\par
Globally, innovation adoption is considered a significant element of organizational success, and this phenomenon needs researchers' and regulators' emphasis \hyperref[b6]{(Chien, Sadiq, et al., 2021)}. Therefore, the current research examines Marx's conception of society happiness and post-Covid traumatic recovery on the resistance to innovation in SME in China. The present research also analyzes the moderating role of social norms among Marx's conception, society happiness, post-Covid traumatic recovery, and resistance to innovation in SMEs in China. Happiness is the main ingredient of a healthier and more satisfying life for any person. The world has taken many steps like establishing foundations that provide social programs to create happiness. Jain, Sharma, and Mahendru (2019), examined the nexus between the society and economy with the initiatives of happiness that impacts the bonding of technological advancements. Mostly, the people feel happiness from the elements of generosity, trust, freedom, social support, life expectancy, and income, especially in SMEs of China. When the societies achieve the stages of happiness, the societies resist innovation. The norms of happiness usually affect the innovation standards. In most developed societies of developed countries, the happy society moved forward toward innovation. Despite this, many developing countries with more happiness avoid moving toward innovation. \hyperref[b35]{Stutzer and Frey (2006)}, analyzed the care about the society, which people mostly focus on due to the happiness and removal of problems to exceed the elements of happiness. In China, the SME people resist innovation when attaining more happiness in their society. Natali, Handa, Peterman, Seidenfeld, and Tembo (2018), investigated the dominance of money in societies and happiness where money is worth nothing for happiness buying. The social structure of societies is the main progressive approach that helps to create happiness. Among people with slower physical and mental decline, their resistance to innovation is also minimal. On the other hand, the strong social connections of societies are the highlighted people that induce more efforts in resisting innovation after happiness, especially in SMEs of China. \hyperref[b21]{Mani and Chouk (2018)}, assessed the challenges and barriers where consumers resist innovation in business and services. Happiness is the most important factor in society, but this is also considered the main resistance to innovation. It is due to the people who used to take fewer risks due to the reduction of happiness in their lives. The existing element of risk in people's lives mainly contributes a larger portion that influences the resistance to innovation. 
\section[{H1: Society happiness significantly and positively influences resistance to innovation.}]{H1: Society happiness significantly and positively influences resistance to innovation.}\par
There are various concepts to support technological advancements, and the concept of Marx entails significant importance. The capitalist economies like the SMEs of China are continuously and constantly cursing to acquire innovation and technology. The approach of Marx's conception was to enter into a process that benefits the labor and increases productivity through innovation. Levien, Watts, and Yan (2018), discussed the insights of change and sectoral structure, which is important in the conception of Marx that may resist the innovation. Marx's conception states the classes struggle toward innovation. Through the rich pay for the workers, it is through the workers to enable more sales and higher outcomes. The workers have everything in their salaries, and without this, they cannot live. Ndlovu-Gatsheni (2021), analyzed the creative legacies of Marx that have incorporated significant values for the resistance toward innovation in many companies. Marx's conception clears about workers' working, indicating significant revenue in their businesses. Rather than staying at home and not focusing on the element of risk could derail the motivation of workers. Marx's conception conclusively included the theories of economy, political and social aspects focusing on the working class and capitalist. Desai (2020), narrated the occurrence of revolution against capitalism and for the political economy that helps in resistance to innovation. The concepts explored the creation of power and technology with innovation that could enhance the power of productivity, especially in SMEs of China. Matsuo, Minami, and Matsuyama (2018), elaborated the social influence on the resistance to innovation in the services of internet banking during Covid. The workers are usually considered the main element that resists innovation. Concepts of Marx enumerate the importance of workers and capitalists. Even though both the workers and capitalists work for their benefit, these are the main resistance to innovation. The main problem with their resistance to innovation is the lack of cooperation that needs to be exercised. H2: Marx's conception significantly and positively influences resistance to innovation.\par
Covid-19 has inserted huge pressure worldwide by restraining the people in their homes. This stood at this stage, but the world medical associations also ordered the people to keep distance between two people. This has traumatic impacted people's attitudes toward SMEs in China. McGaughey (2021), indicated the security, workplace democracy, and social recovery during the post-Covid traumatic recovery influenced the innovation. The recovery of Post Covid is still in the process where people are not taking risks with the innovation. Covid has impacted the financial situations of the world and affected the mental health of people.\par
Pathak and Joshi (2021), analyzed the impacts of life satisfaction and psychological capital during the Post Covid traumatic recovery on the organizational resilience. SMEs of China has considered the speedy recovery of post-Covid, but the movement toward innovation is much slower. Even though SMEs of China are also considered the main resistor toward the innovation process. Sheller (2021), examined the sustainable mobility, climate resilience, and pandemic recovery that instigated significant impact on the resistance to innovation. Lack of taking risks in SMEs of China has posted the slower process of post-traumatic recovery from Covid. These risks are associated with the stages of innovation from which people could attain more advantageous situations in less time. Therefore, the post-traumatic recovery from Covid is having a huge impact on the resistance to innovation. \hyperref[b15]{Hong (2020)}, assessed the relationship between innovation resistance and the digital bible that is more focused on traumatic recovery. When the countries proceed toward the recovery process from any disaster, they take every preventive measure to eradicate the risk. During the Post Covid traumatic recovery, the world has taken various steps to minimize the risk elements. Even though, the people step back from any investments and the innovative process due to the higher risks. H3: Post Covid traumatic recovery significantly and positively influences resistance to innovation.\par
Social norms are based on the competency and abilities of societies that emphasize a significant impact on happiness. Happiness among societies is the major factor that could uplift the process of innovation and technology. On the other hand, when societies feel happier, they resist the innovation process. Society's happiness has hugely impacted SMEs in China due to a lack of movement toward innovation. \hyperref[b0]{Abbas et al. (2019)}, analyzed the moderating role of social support for the stress, anxiety, depression, and marital adjustments and its contribution toward innovation. Companies shape behaviors and societal norms to support the innovation process, but society's happiness cannot be neglected. Happiness in societies is termed a significant factor that impacts the resistance to innovation. At the same time, the moderating effect of social norms has a clear and dominant impact on the relationship between resistance to innovation and society's happiness. \hyperref[b19]{Liagouras (2019)}, elaborated on the relationship between socialism, happiness, and economic growth, which are the main reasons behind the adaptation of innovation. Mostly society's happiness is attained according to the social norms. Social norms are primarily important in any society to let them develop. Therefore, the moderating role of social norms in SMEs of China is present in creating happiness in the society and resistance to innovation.  {\ref Chen}  innovation resistance during the involvement of social norms. Many saddest countries are more innovative and ideological due to their risk-taking capabilities. Hawkins, Goodman, and Goldstone (2019), enumerated the emergence of conventions and social norms that are prominent in the resistance to innovation and happiness. Many developing countries emphasize social norms due to their positive contribution to innovation and technology. However, society's happiness in various situations restrains the innovation process, which entails huge risk elements. SMEs of China place their intentions over resistance to innovation while having the significance of happiness in society. H4: Social norms significantly and positively moderate the relationship between society's happiness and resistance to innovation.\par
The Covid, which has impacted people's lives, also affected businesses worldwide. Social norms have inserted positive measures in the post-Covid traumatic recovery. Even though the social norms have inserted significant pressure on the resistance to innovation. SMEs of China speedily recovered from post-Covid, but the resistance still exists to innovation. Diallo and Lambey-Checchin (2017), discussed the perceptions of consumers with moderating role of social practices that responses the resistance to innovation. People and industries are less associated with risk-taking abilities after the severe damage of Covid. This is considered the main hindrance to the resistance to innovation, and SMEs are still trying to recover from the traumatic impact of Covid. Industries worldwide are lingering on matters related to businesses and investments. \hyperref[b11]{Erondu and McGraw (2021)}, explored the enablers and barriers in adaptation and implementation of oriented and innovative practice with the social norms during traumatic recovery. During the Covid, the social norms were hidden due to the distancing among people and countries. After the post-Covid, the recovery process has significantly supported the channels of social norms, which directly moderated traumatic recovery and resistance to innovation. Winsor, Paik, Tushman, and Lakhani (2019), discussed overcoming social norms with the open sources to the cultures to overcome resistance to innovation. Social norms entail a significant image among the people and SMEs of China, which are restraining themselves from taking risks with the innovation. Farrow, Grolleau, and Ibanez (2017), investigated the impacts of pro-environment behavior and social norms on innovation and Covid recovery. Industries and people are still under the stress of Covid due to the continued prevalence of Covid all over the world. Therefore, the resistance to innovation has gradually but steadily increased, especially in China SMEs. With depression, anxiety, dissociation, and personality traits, the resistance to innovation have increased dramatically, entailing moderating the role of social norms. H5: Social norms significantly and positively moderate the relationship between post-Covid traumatic recovery and resistance to innovation. 
\section[{III.}]{III.} 
\section[{Methods and Material}]{Methods and Material}\par
The research examines Marx's conception, society happiness, and post-Covid traumatic recovery on the resistance to innovation and analyzes the moderating role of social norms among Marx's conception, society happiness, post-Covid traumatic recovery, and resistance to innovation in SMEs in China. The article has applied the questionnaires method to collect the primary data from the chosen respondents. The employees of SMEs are the respondents of the study. The surveys were sent to the chosen respondents using personal visits. The respondents were chosen using simple random sampling. The researchers have sent around 530 surveys but received only 293. These valid responses have an approximately 55.28 percent response rate.\par
In addition, the research also applied the smart-PLS to analyze the primary data using measurement and structural assessment models. This is an effective tool for analyzing primary data because it provides the best results when the researchers have used complex models and large sample sizes (Hair, Risher, Sarstedt, \& Ringle, 2019). The current article has taken three predictors such as Marx's conception (MC) with five items, society happiness (SH) with twelve items, and post-Covid traumatic recovery (PCTR) with six items. Moreover, the article has also used the resistance to innovation (RIT) as the dependent variable with five items, and the current study has also used the social norms (SN) as the moderating variable with seven items. These variables are presented in Figure \hyperref[fig_1]{1}.  
\section[{Findings of the Study}]{Findings of the Study}\par
The article examines the reliability using Alpha and composite reliability (CR), and the figures highlighted that the values are larger than 0.70 and exposed valid reliability. In addition, the research also investigates the content validity, and the values are higher than 0.50 and indicate valid content validity. Finally, the article examines the convergent validity using average variance extracted (AVE), and the figures highlight that the values are larger than 0.50 and valid convergent validity. Table \hyperref[tab_0]{1} shows the results related to the convergent validity. The article examines discriminant validity using cross loadings and Fornell Larcker. The figures highlighted that the values that exposed the relationship with the variable itself are larger than the values that exposed the association with other constructs. Table \hyperref[tab_1]{2} and Table \hyperref[tab_2]{3} show the results related to the discriminant validity.  The article examines the discriminant validity using Heterotrait Monotrait (HTMT) ratio, and the figures highlighted that the values are lower than 0.85. Table \hyperref[tab_3]{4} shows the results related to the discriminant validity.  The results indicated that Marx's conception, society happiness, and post-Covid traumatic recovery have a positive nexus with resistance to innovation in SMEs in China and accept H1, H2, and H3. The results also revealed that the social norms significantly moderate among Marx's conception, society happiness, post-Covid traumatic recovery, and resistance to innovation in SMEs in China and accept H4 and H5. Table \hyperref[tab_4]{5} shows the results of association among the variables.  The results indicate that society's happiness is a strong factor in the developing world that impacts the resistance to innovation. It is a positive factor in the increasing innovation and technology trends in businesses. In this domain, entrepreneurship and intellectual capital are the most important factors in happiness that helps societies to proceed toward innovation. In fact, the society that entails and does not resist ease always faces difficulties in businesses' creativity and productivity. Usai, Orlando, and Mazzoleni (2020), supported the significant role of happiness in societies that impact intellectual property and entrepreneurial initiatives for innovation. The resulting edge is clear in which happiness ties with the creativity with the entrepreneurial spirit to eradicate resistance to innovation. People's happiness is considered recognizable progress not only in the field of entrepreneurship but also in human resource management. Even though the improvement in society and employee happiness bring positive aspirations toward the resistance to innovation. societies, and employees are contributing factors in the industrial world that help to improve the innovation process. El-Sholkamy and Fischbach (2019), addressed the governing entity and aspiration of society's happiness more optimistic in building the futuristic and innovative approaches to nurture the talent.\par
The results also indicated that Marx's conception also has a significant linkage with the resistance to innovation because the Marx's conception indicated the struggle between capitalists and the working class. There is no need to adopt innovation when there are strong relationships among the capitalists and the working class. Working staff work at an extensive pace and achieve the desired goal with innovation adoption. The study of \hyperref[b41]{Walsh (2021)} supported this outcome and revealed that if the owners have a strong association with their workers, they do not need to pay extra costs on the business processes like innovation adoption. In addition, the article was written by Ritner (2020) and supported the current article's results and explored that the effective association among capitalists and the working class will reduce the extra cost of the business organization that may spend on the training and adoption of innovation.\par
The findings also indicated that the post-Covid traumatic recovery also has a significant linkage with the resistance to innovation. After the recovery from the Covid disaster, people and owners are not willing to pay extra costs to adopt the innovation and move towards the resistance to innovation. The study of \hyperref[b32]{Sharma et al. (2020)} supported this outcome and revealed that when the organizations have faced the biggest disaster and after the disaster, they are not willing to pay extra costs like cost on the adoption of innovation. Similarly, when the organization has faced the Covid disaster, they are not willing to adopt innovation. In addition, the article was written by Menendez, Jawa, Haas, and Warner (2020) and supported the results of the current article and explored that after the disaster, organizations are not able or not strong enough to bear the extra costs like the cost of innovation adoption. Thus, they are unwilling to adopt innovation, and the post-Covid situation is also similar, reducing the firms' ability to adopt the innovation.\par
Social norms have endorsed society's happiness as a strong factor for the uplifting and increment of innovation. Innovative responses have been combined with societies' social care and growth health. These are coped with the social norms that moderate society's happiness and innovation and insert a positive role. The results included the creative and fluid interplays of society strategies for happiness that protect and share the knowledge to increase innovation. While reviewing the evidence of case studies, \hyperref[b1]{Bartels (2017)}, combined the social norms with logic and practices dominant and creative navigations for the reduction of resistance to innovation. The results showed that social innovation is a positive process that needs wide support for society's happiness and the happiest society is not willing to pay extra costs like the cost of innovation. Normally, the organizing, acting, and thinking in societies build significant platforms for eliminating resistance to innovation. While coping results with other study such as Vickers, Lyon, Sepulveda, and McMullin (2017), supported the promoted role of society's happiness linking with experiential detachment, defensive and rationalistic evaluation is fundamental for transforming the dynamics of innovation. On the other hand, resisting and stimulating innovation requires sustainable change that society's happiness has positively induced. While analyzing the dynamics of inhibiting substantive change and necessities of happiness in the societies, the innovation positively improves. The results also indicated that the social norms were also significantly moderate among post-Covid traumatic recovery and resistance to innovation. Social norms always force the societies that they will not to pay extra costs for innovation after the disaster period. A study by \hyperref[b2]{Castro and Batel (2008)} supported the current study outcomes and exposed that societal norms always force the people that they do not go for the extra expenses when a disastrous situation exists. 
\section[{VI.}]{VI.} 
\section[{Implications}]{Implications}\par
The present research has both theoretical contributions and practical implications. As far as theoretical contributions are concerned, the present article contributes to the literature on society's happiness and resistance to innovation. In addition, the present study also contributes to the literature on post-Covid traumatic recovery and resistance to innovation. Moreover, the article also provides new insight into the associations between Marx's conception and resistance to innovation. It is also one of the first attempts that take the social norm as the moderating variable in the study. In addition, it is also a unique study that brings society happiness, Marx's conception, and post Covid traumatic recovery collectively as predictors. Moreover, it is also a unique study that takes the social norm as the moderating variable among society's happiness, Marx's conception, post-Covid traumatic recovery, and resistance to innovation. On the other hand, the present article has some practical implications, such as the current article providing the help to the new studies while examining this area in the future. In addition, this article guides the policymakers in formulating policies regarding the innovation adoption that could enhance the firm performance. The current article also guides the relevant authorities to put their attention towards the society norms of SMEs that motivate the resistance to innovation. They should work to eliminate these types of societal norms and enhance the business process's innovation that improves society's performance. Although the present article has several theoretical contributions and practical implications, there are still some limitations that would be the future directions for the new studies. This study has taken three predictors such as society happiness, Marx's conception, and post Covid traumatic recovery to predict resistance to innovation but ignores several other factors and recommended that future studies add these factors in their articles. In addition, the current article has taken the social norm as the moderating variable but ignored the mediating role in the model and suggested that future studies should include mediating variables in the study. The current article has examined the SMEs of China and ignored other business units and recommended that future studies expand their scope by adding more businesses to their studies. Finally, the present article has applied the smart-PLS for the analysis purpose and suggested that future studies should add other statistical tools like AMOS for analysis.\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}Figure 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png}
\caption{\label{fig_2}Figure 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{345}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png}
\caption{\label{fig_3}Figure 3 :Figure 4 :Figure 5 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.23030726256983242\textwidth}P{0.19706703910614526\textwidth}P{0.25642458100558657\textwidth}P{0.059357541899441334\textwidth}P{0.05223463687150837\textwidth}P{0.05460893854748603\textwidth}}
Constructs\tabcellsep Items\tabcellsep Loadings\tabcellsep Alpha\tabcellsep CR\tabcellsep AVE\\
Marx's Conception\tabcellsep MC1\tabcellsep 0.930\tabcellsep 0.944\tabcellsep 0.958\tabcellsep 0.819\\
\tabcellsep MC2\tabcellsep 0.867\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep MC3\tabcellsep 0.927\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep MC4\tabcellsep 0.931\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep MC5\tabcellsep 0.866\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Post Covid Traumatic Recovery\tabcellsep PCTR1\tabcellsep 0.935\tabcellsep 0.962\tabcellsep 0.971\tabcellsep 0.869\\
\tabcellsep PCTR2\tabcellsep 0.937\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep PCTR3\tabcellsep 0.942\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep PCTR4\tabcellsep 0.914\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep PCTR6\tabcellsep 0.931\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Resistance to Innovation\tabcellsep RTI1\tabcellsep 0.766\tabcellsep 0.901\tabcellsep 0.927\tabcellsep 0.718\\
\tabcellsep RTI2\tabcellsep 0.881\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep RTI3\tabcellsep 0.844\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep RTI4\tabcellsep 0.877\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep RTI5\tabcellsep 0.863\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Society Happiness\tabcellsep SH1\tabcellsep 0.818\tabcellsep 0.951\tabcellsep 0.957\tabcellsep 0.650\\
\tabcellsep SH10\tabcellsep 0.803\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep SH11\tabcellsep 0.779\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep SH12\tabcellsep 0.852\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep SH2\tabcellsep 0.703\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}Table 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.1094059405940594\textwidth}P{0.22722772277227724\textwidth}P{0.20198019801980197\textwidth}P{0.15148514851485148\textwidth}P{0.10099009900990098\textwidth}P{0.058910891089108915\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep MC\tabcellsep PCTR\tabcellsep RTI\tabcellsep SH\tabcellsep SN\\
MC\tabcellsep 0.905\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
PCTR\tabcellsep 0.503\tabcellsep 0.932\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
RTI\tabcellsep 0.462\tabcellsep 0.395\tabcellsep 0.847\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
SH\tabcellsep 0.467\tabcellsep 0.485\tabcellsep 0.467\tabcellsep 0.806\tabcellsep \\
SN\tabcellsep 0.414\tabcellsep 0.425\tabcellsep 0.393\tabcellsep 0.455\tabcellsep 0.821\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.1054559043348281\textwidth}P{0.12451420029895365\textwidth}P{0.12324364723467862\textwidth}P{0.1257847533632287\textwidth}P{0.12451420029895365\textwidth}P{0.12324364723467862\textwidth}P{0.12324364723467862\textwidth}}
Year 2023\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Volume XXIII Issue V Version I\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
( H\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Global Journal of Human Social Science -\tabcellsep MC1 MC2 MC3 MC4 MC5 PCTR1 PCTR2 PCTR3 PCTR4 PCTR6\tabcellsep MC 0.930 0.867 0.927 0.931 0.866 0.454 0.475 0.467 0.473 0.471\tabcellsep PCTR 0.459 0.443 0.462 0.462 0.444 0.935 0.937 0.942 0.914 0.931\tabcellsep RTI 0.402 0.439 0.407 0.399 0.436 0.353 0.358 0.380 0.390 0.357\tabcellsep SH 0.788 0.777 0.779 0.796 0.777 0.459 0.458 0.450 0.439 0.453\tabcellsep SN 0.356 0.396 0.358 0.358 0.396 0.421 0.390 0.410 0.372 0.387\\
\tabcellsep RTI1\tabcellsep 0.390\tabcellsep 0.400\tabcellsep 0.766\tabcellsep 0.438\tabcellsep 0.341\\
\tabcellsep RTI2\tabcellsep 0.405\tabcellsep 0.304\tabcellsep 0.881\tabcellsep 0.373\tabcellsep 0.312\\
\tabcellsep RTI3\tabcellsep 0.365\tabcellsep 0.321\tabcellsep 0.844\tabcellsep 0.372\tabcellsep 0.342\\
\tabcellsep RTI4\tabcellsep 0.408\tabcellsep 0.330\tabcellsep 0.877\tabcellsep 0.412\tabcellsep 0.345\\
\tabcellsep RTI5\tabcellsep 0.383\tabcellsep 0.305\tabcellsep 0.863\tabcellsep 0.368\tabcellsep 0.320\\
\tabcellsep SH1\tabcellsep 0.794\tabcellsep 0.426\tabcellsep 0.405\tabcellsep 0.818\tabcellsep 0.385\\
\tabcellsep SH10\tabcellsep 0.798\tabcellsep 0.453\tabcellsep 0.443\tabcellsep 0.803\tabcellsep 0.347\\
\tabcellsep © 2023 Global Journals\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}Table 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.14539473684210527\textwidth}P{0.24605263157894738\textwidth}P{0.2125\textwidth}P{0.14539473684210527\textwidth}P{0.07828947368421052\textwidth}P{0.022368421052631576\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep MC\tabcellsep PCTR\tabcellsep RTI\tabcellsep SH\tabcellsep SN\\
MC\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
PCTR\tabcellsep 0.526\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
RTI\tabcellsep 0.498\tabcellsep 0.421\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
SH\tabcellsep 0.506\tabcellsep 0.502\tabcellsep 0.495\tabcellsep \\
SN\tabcellsep 0.442\tabcellsep 0.449\tabcellsep 0.429\tabcellsep 0.486\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_3}Table 4 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{5} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.27384937238493723\textwidth}P{0.12092050209205021\textwidth}P{0.1707112970711297\textwidth}P{0.14937238493723848\textwidth}P{0.13514644351464436\textwidth}}
Relationships\tabcellsep Beta\tabcellsep Standard Deviation\tabcellsep T Statistics\tabcellsep P Values\\
MC -> RTI\tabcellsep 0.154\tabcellsep 0.093\tabcellsep 1.663\tabcellsep 0.050\\
PCTR -> RTI\tabcellsep 0.156\tabcellsep 0.070\tabcellsep 2.220\tabcellsep 0.014\\
PCTR*SN -> RTI\tabcellsep 0.126\tabcellsep 0.058\tabcellsep 2.181\tabcellsep 0.016\\
SH -> RTI\tabcellsep 0.216\tabcellsep 0.107\tabcellsep 2.026\tabcellsep 0.023\\
SH*SN -> RTI\tabcellsep 0.118\tabcellsep 0.057\tabcellsep 2.060\tabcellsep 0.021\\
SN -> RTI\tabcellsep 0.237\tabcellsep 0.067\tabcellsep 3.546\tabcellsep 0.000\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_4}Table 5 :}\end{figure}
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\end{document}
