@incollection{,
	
					
					
					BC867E747C2EF86E3FE792C25142FEA0
				,
	author={{Eze KierianTochukwu}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}},
	journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}2184361
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{No retreat no surrender: Conflict for survival between Fulani pastoralists and farmers in northern Nigeria}}
		,
	author={{
			IAbass
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{European scientific journal}}
		
			8
			1
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Assessment of food security status among rural farming households in Guma local government area of Benue state}}
		,
	author={{
			CAbur
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Nigeria. International journal of research in humanities and social studies}}
		
			1
			2
			
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Hunger in the food basket: Fighting against hunger in Nigeria, the Benue experience}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{ACTIVISTA}}
		
			,
	year={2018. July 12}
		
	

}

@book{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{18 dead as herdsmen struck Benue, many injured. The Vanguard}}
		,
	author={{
			FAjaegberola
		}}
		
			,
	year={August 2, 2014}
		
	

}

@book{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Causes and resolution of conflict between cattle herders and crop farmers in Katsina state. An unpublished M.Sc. thesis submitted to the school of postgraduate studies}}
		,
	author={{
			AAliyu
		}}
		
			,
	year={2015}
		
		
			Ahmadu Bello University Zaria
		
	

}

@incollection{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{Urban violence dimension in Nigeria: Farmers-herders onslaught}}
		,
	author={{
			IAluko
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Agathos}}
		
			8
			1
			
			,
	year={2016}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{Nigeria: Still no accountability for human right violations}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Amnesty International}}
		
			,
	year={2018}
			,
	publisher={Amnesty International}
		
	

}

@book{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{Herdsmen-farmers conflict and food security in Nigeria: A commentary. International journal of innovative research and advanced studies}}
		,
	author={{
			AAnyabe
		} and {
			AAtelhe
		} and {
			SEmmanuel
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2017}
			4
			
		
	

}

@book{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Insecurity of man and food in the middle-belt: The perils of Benue. The Punch}}
		,
	author={{
			MAnyanwu
		}}
		
			,
	year={August 28. 2019}
			21
		
	

}

@book{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Climate change. Ibadan: Vantage publishers}}
		,
	author={{
			JAyoade
		}}
		
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Evidence of climate change impacts on agriculture and food security in Nigeria}}
		,
	author={{
			MAzeez
		} and {
			OBello
		} and {
			OGaniyu
		} and {
			MWahab
		} and {
			MAfolabi
		} and {
			FOluleye
		} and {
			SIg
		} and {
			JMahmud
		} and {
			SAbdulmaliq
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International journal of agriculture and forestry}}
		
			2
			2
			
			,
	year={2015}
		
	

}

@book{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Exploring conflict through ages in Africa: A case of the pastoralist and cultivators}}
		,
	author={{
			RBlench
		}}
		
			,
	year={2014}
			,
	address={Nigeria}
		
	
	,
	note={A paper presented at the Directorate of Food and Industrial Development (DFID) in}

}

@book{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Terrorism and food security in Nigeria: Discussing the farmers and herders war in Nigeria}}
		,
	author={{
			JBruno
		}}
		
			,
	year={April 20. 2018}
			,
	publisher={BBC News}
		
	

}

@book{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{Paying for a crisis}}
		,
	author={{
			MEkah
		}}
		
			,
	year={June 9. 2014}
		
	
	,
	note={This Day. P. 52}

}

@book{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Food insecurity in Nigeria: A thematic exposition. Arabian journal of business and management review}}
		,
	author={{
			OEme
		} and {
			AOnyishi
		} and {
			OUche
		} and {
			IUche
		}}
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2014}
			4
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Basic text in citizenship education}}
		,
	author={{
			UErondu
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Ifytex publishers}}
				Owerri
		
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@book{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{Another clash in Benue, Fulani herders and farmers at war}}
		,
	author={{
			DEtim
		}}
		
			,
	year={November 8. 2013}
		
	
	,
	note={This Day. P.9}

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{The constitution of federal republic of Nigeria}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Abuja: Official gazette}}
		
			,
	year={1999}
		
		
			Federal Republic of Nigeria
		
	
	,
	note={FRN}

}

@book{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{State of food insecurity in the world (SOFI)}}
		
			,
	year={2002. 2002}
			,
	publisher={FAO}
			,
	address={Rome}
		
	

}

@book{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Rome declaration and world food security plan of action}}
		,
	editor={Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO}
		
			,
	year={2004}
			,
	publisher={FAO}
			,
	address={Rome}
		
	

}

@book{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{The state of food insecurity in the world: Monitoring progress towards the world food summit and millennium development goals}}
		,
	editor={Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO}
		
			,
	year={2013}
			,
	publisher={FAO}
			,
	address={Rome}
		
	

}

@incollection{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{Energy for sustainable development and food security in Africa}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Food and Agricultural Organization}}
		
			,
	year={2015}
			,
	publisher={FAO}
		
	
	,
	note={FAO}

}

@book{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Nigerian food security and vulnerability survey}}
		,
	editor={Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO}
		
			,
	year={2016. 2016}
			,
	publisher={FAO}
			,
	address={Nigeria}
		
	

}

@incollection{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{Food and Agricultural Organization}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{FAO stat: Statistical database}}
				Rome
		
			,
	publisher={FAO}
			,
	year={2017}
		
	

}

@book{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Monitoring food insecurity in the world: Towards achieving sustainable development goal}}
		,
	editor={Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO}
		
			,
	year={2019}
			,
	publisher={FAO}
			,
	address={Rome}
		
	

}

@incollection{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{Measuring and understanding the impact of terrorism}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Global terrorism Index}}
		
			,
	year={2015}
		
		
			Institute of Economics and Peace
		
	
	,
	note={GTI}

}

@incollection{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{73 feared dead as herdsmen and farmers clash again in Benue}}
		,
	author={{
			OGodspower
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Africa News}}
		
			,
	year={January 11. 2018}
		
	

}

@incollection{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{Socioeconomic effects of farmers-fulani herdsmen's conflict on farmers output in Benue state}}
		,
	author={{
			VIjirshar
		} and {
			GKer
		} and {
			YTerlumun
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Violent conflict and the state of development in Nigeria}}
				,
	editor={
			FS EBakpo & F
			Ugbeda
		}
		Nigeria
		
			,
	publisher={Unical press}
			,
	year={2015}
			
		
	

}

@book{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{Herders against farmers: Nigeria's expanding conflict}}
		
			,
	year={2017}
			252
			,
	address={New York}
		
		
			International Crisis Group
		
	
	,
	note={ICG bulletin}

}

@incollection{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{Expanding terrorism in West Africa: The case of pastoral herders}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{ICG}}
		
			,
	year={2018}
		
		
			International Crisis Group
		
	
	,
	note={ICG bulletin}

}

@incollection{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{Human displacement matrix in Africa and Latin America: Causes and consequences}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Organization for Migration}}
		
			,
	year={2017}
			,
	publisher={IOM}
		
	

}

@book{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{Elite politics in the middle-belt of Nigeria}}
		,
	author={{
			MJibo
		}}
		
			,
	year={2014. 1993-2014}
			,
	publisher={Kraft books Ltd}
			,
	address={Ibadan}
		
	

}

@book{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Fulani herdsmen in Nigeria: Questions, challenges and allegations}}
		,
	author={{
			EJohn
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2014. March 11}
		
	

}

@book{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{Herdsmen attacks deadlier than Bokoharam}}
		,
	author={{
			VKalu
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2017. September 6}
		
	

}

@book{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{Fresh herders attack leave 28 persons dead in Guma Benue state. The New Telegraph}}
		,
	author={{
			SMartin
		}}
		
			,
	year={May 30. 2014}
			11
		
	

}

@book{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{Food security and conflict: Empirical challenges and future opportunities for research and policy making on food security and conflict. A paper presented at FAO's agricultural development economics summit in Rome}}
		,
	author={{
			CMartin-Shields
		} and {
			WStojetz
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2018}
		
	

}

@book{b36,
	
	
		,
	title={{Herdsmen attack in Benue state: 73 dead, scores injured}}
		,
	author={{
			CMichael
		}}
		
			,
	year={January 11. 2018}
			,
	publisher={Sahara Reporters press}
		
	

}

@incollection{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{Resource use conflict between farmers and Fulani herdsmen in Guma local government area of Benue state}}
		,
	author={{
			SMusa
		} and {
			IShabu
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Nigeria. International journal of science}}
		
			2
			1
			
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@incollection{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{Effects of farmers-grazers conflict on rural development: A socioeconomic analysis}}
		,
	author={{
			MNformi
		} and {
			BMary-Juliet
		} and {
			FEngwali
		} and {
			ANji
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of agricultural science}}
		
			4
			3
			
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@book{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{Bloodbath in Benue as suspected herdsmen attack again. The Vanguard}}
		,
	author={{
			MNnamdi
		}}
		
			,
	year={June 1, 2017}
		
	

}

@book{b40,
	
	
		,
	title={{Between Fulani herdsmen and farmers}}
		,
	author={{
			CNwosu
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2017. May 18}
		
	

}

@incollection{b41,
	
	
		,
	title={{Climate change and conflict in Nigeria: A theoretical and empirical examination of the worsening incidence of conflict between Fulani herdsmen and farmers in northern Nigeria}}
		,
	author={{
			SOdoh
		} and {
			CChigozie
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Arabian journal of business and management review}}
		
			2
			1
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b42,
	
	
		,
	title={{Causes, effects and resolution of farmers-nomadic cattle herders in Delta state}}
		,
	author={{
			AOfuoku
		} and {
			BIsife
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Nigeria. International journal of Sociology and Anthropology}}
		
			1
			2
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b43,
	
	
		,
	title={{Nomads against natives: A political ecology of herders-farmers conflict in Nasarawa state}}
		,
	author={{
			AOkoli
		} and {
			GAtelhe
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Nigeria. American international journal of contemporary research}}
		
			4
			2
			
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@incollection{b44,
	
	
		,
	title={{Implication of Fulani herders-Benue farmers crisis on food security in Benue state of Nigeria}}
		,
	author={{
			FOkoli
		} and {
			HAddo
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International journal of academic multidisciplinary research}}
		
			2
			
			,
	year={2018}
		
	

}

@incollection{b45,
	
	
		,
	title={{Cattle management of pastoralists and conflict resolution strategies in the tropical humid rain forest zone of southern Nigeria}}
		,
	author={{
			IOkoli
		} and {
			AEnyinnia
		} and {
			AElijah
		} and {
			COkoli
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of international scientific publications: Agriculture and Food}}
		
			12
			2
			
			,
	year={2019}
		
	

}

@incollection{b46,
	
	
		,
	title={{Insecurity of food in food basket}}
		,
	author={{
			GOlagunje
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Sun. P}}
		
			19
			,
	year={August 21. 2014}
		
	

}

@incollection{b47,
	
	
		,
	title={{The cattle are Ghanaians but the herders are strangers: Farmers-herders conflicts}}
		,
	author={{
			AOlaniyan
		} and {
			MFrancis
		} and {
			UOkeke-Uzodike
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Quarterly African studies}}
		
			15
			2
			
			,
	year={2015}
		
	

}

@book{b48,
	
	
		,
	title={{Benue mourns as 24 die on fresh herdsmen attack. The Vanguard}}
		,
	author={{
			SOluwatofunmi
		}}
		
			,
	year={March 25. 2015}
			3
		
	

}

@book{b49,
	
	
		,
	title={{Scores dead and many injured as farmers and herders clash again in Benue. The Guardian}}
		,
	author={{
			EOsuabor
		}}
		
			,
	year={April 24. 2018}
		
	

}

@book{b50,
	
	
		,
	title={{Research Method in social sciences: Theory and practice}}
		,
	author={{
			MOsuagwu
		} and {
			AOruebor
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2011}
			,
	address={Onitsha}
		
	
	,
	note={Outright publishers}

}

@book{b51,
	
	
		,
	title={{Farmers-pastoralist conflict in West Africa: Exploring the causes and consequences. Information, society and justice journal}}
		,
	author={{
			AShettima
		} and {
			ATsar
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2008}
			1
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b52,
	
	
		,
	title={{Urban food systems and the poor in developing countries}}
		,
	author={{
			DSmith
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Transactions of the institute of British Geographers}}
		
			23
			2
			
			,
	year={2015}
		
	

}

@book{b53,
	
	
		,
	title={{An assessment of the impact of farmers-herders conflict on food security in Benue state, Nigeria. An unpublished B.Sc. project presented to the department of Sociology}}
		,
	author={{
			ATersoo
		}}
		
			,
	year={2016}
			,
	address={Katsina}
		
		
			Umaru Musa Yarádua University
		
	

}

@incollection{b54,
	
	
		,
	title={{Implication of violent conflict on food security in Nigeria: A case of farmers and herdsmen clashes in Benue valley}}
		,
	author={{
			SUker
		} and {
			MOrkar
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International journal of science and research}}
		
			8
			8
			
			,
	year={2018}
		
	

}