@incollection{, 4EB491EC6D4566CF34C098772991FE2A , author={{Wanie JulesAbraham} and {DousweBenoît} and {Nlom JeanHugues} and {Baïda LouiseAngele} and {Ngo NongaFidoline} and {Université de Maroua}}, journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}}, journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS, address={Cambridge, United States}, publisher={Global Journals Organisation}2045165 } @book{b0, , title={{Implication of private safety nets for public policy: case studies of Mozambique and Zimbabwe, Africa Region Social Protection Strategy}} , author={{ HAlderman }} , year={2001b} , address={Washington, DC} , note={Working paper, World Bank} } @book{b1, , title={{Do the p oor insure? A analysis of the Literature on risk and consumption in Devel oping Countries}} , author={{ HAlderman } and { CHPaxson }} , year={1992} , note={Research working paper WPS 1008} } @incollection{b2, , title={{Programming for efficient planning against non-normal risk}} , author={{ JRAnderson }} , journal={{Australian Journal of A gricultural Economics}} 19 2 , year={1975} } @incollection{b3, , title={{Ri sk management in rural development}} , author={{ JRAnderson }} , booktitle={{A review. Rural development strategy background pa per}} , year={2001} 7 } @incollection{b4, , title={{Ri sk considerations in the design and transfer of agricultural technology}} , author={{ JRAnderson } and { PBHazell }} , journal={{Agricultural Technology: Policy Issues for the Internati onal Community , CAB International}} , year={1994} } @book{b5, , author={{ KJArrow }} , title={{Essays in Theory of Risk-Bearing}} North-Halland, Amsterdam , year={1971} } @book{b6, , author={{ SAsfaw } and { NMccarthy } and { APaolantonio } and { RCavatassi } and { MAReda } and { LLipper }} , title={{« Livelihood diversification and vulnerability to poverty in rural Malawi}} , year={2015} , note={Available at SSRN 3305894} } @incollection{b7, , title={{Rapport sur le développement dans le monde}} , journal={{Banque Mondiale}} , year={2007. 2017} , note={En ligne. consulté le 20 septembre} } @book{b8, , title={{Financial response to risk in agriculture}} , author={{ PJBarry } and { CBBaker }} , year={1984} , address={Ames} Iowa Sta te University Press , note={Risk Management in Agriculture} } @incollection{b9, , title={{Instrument s variables and GMM: Estimation and testing}} , author={{ CBaum } and { MESchaffer } and { StillmanS }} , journal={{The Stata Journal}} , year={2003. 2003} } @incollection{b10, , title={{Infrastructure and Rural Development: Insight from a Grameen Bank Village Phone Initiative in Bangladesh}} , author={{ ABayes }} , booktitle={{Contributed Paper, XXIV International Conference of Agricultural Economist s}} Berlin , year={2000. August 13-19} } @incollection{b11, , title={{Non market institutions for credit and risk sharing in low-income countries}} , author={{ TBesley }} , journal={{Journal of Economics Perspectives}} 9 , year={1995} } @incollection{b12, , title={{Rosenzweig (1993), "Wealth, Weather Risk and the Composition and Profitability of Agricultural investments}} , author={{ HBingswanger } and { M }} , journal={{Economic Journal}} 103 } @incollection{b13, , title={{Ec onomic ri sk and water quality protection in agriculture}} , author={{ DJBosch } and { JWPease }} , journal={{Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy}} 22 2 , year={2000} } @incollection{b14, , title={{Grameen Village Phone: Its current status and future Prospects}} , author={{ CBurr }} , booktitle={{International Labor Organization}} Geneva , year={2000} } @book{b15, , author={{ JPButault } and { NDelame } and { PLerouvillois }} , title={{Activité extérieure et revenus des ménages agricoles ». Économie rurale. Agricultures, alimentations, territoires}} , year={2005} } @incollection{b16, , title={{Environment, technol ogy, and social articulation of risk in West African Agriculture}} , author={{ MRCarter }} , journal={{Economic Development and Cultural Change}} 45 3 , year={1997} } @incollection{b17, , title={{Reciprocity without commitment}} , author={{ SCoate } and { MRavallion }} , journal={{Journal of development Economics}} 40 1 , year={1993} } @incollection{b18, , author={{ ADe Janvry } and { ESadoulet }} , booktitle={{Agricultural growth and poverty reduction: Additional evidence}} , year={2010} 25 } @book{b19, , title={{« The global food crisi s and Guatemala: what crisis and for whom?}} , author={{ ADe Janvry } and { ESadoulet }} , year={2010} , publisher={Worl d Development} 38 } @incollection{b20, , title={{Peasant household behaviour with missing markets: some parad oxes explained}} , author={{ ADe Janvry } and { MFafchamps } and { ESadoulet }} , journal={{The Economic Journal}} 101 409 , year={1991} } @incollection{b21, , title={{Intertemporal choice and inequality}} , author={{ ADeaton } and { CPaxson }} , journal={{Journal of Political Economy}} 102 3 , year={1994} } @book{b22, , title={{The analysis of household surveys: a microeconometric approach to development policy}} , author={{ ADeaton }} , year={1997} , publisher={The World Bank} } @book{b23, , title={{« Ri sk, Crop choice and Savings : Evidence from Tanzania », Centre for the Study of African Ec onomics}} , author={{ MDercon }} , year={1993} } @incollection{b24, , title={{Income ri sk, coping strategies, and safety nets}} , author={{ MDercon }} , booktitle={{The World Bank Research Observer}} 17 2 , year={2002} } @incollection{b25, , title={{Wealth, Risk and Activity choice: Cattle in Western Tanzania}} , author={{ SDercon }} , journal={{Journal of Development Economics}} 55 1 , year={1998} } @incollection{b26, , title={{« Inc ome portofolio in rural Ethiopia and Tanzania : choices and constraints}} , author={{ SDercon } and { PKrishman }} DOI: 1080/00220389608422443 , journal={{Journal of Devel opment Studies}} 32 6 , year={1996} } @book{b27, , author={{ SDercon }} , title={{« Insurance against Poverty UNU -wider studies » in Development Economics}} , publisher={Oxford University Press} , year={2004} } @book{b28, , title={{}} , author={{ SDjibril } and { CDayamba; Ky-Dembele } and { JBayala } and { PDorward } and { CGraham } and { DSanogo } and { MLDiop } and { TIssa }} } @book{b29, , title={{Assessment of the use of Participation integrated climate services for Agriculture (PICSA) approach by Farmers to manage climate Risk in Mali and Senagal}} , author={{ ADiakité } and { ANemkam } and { JBinam } and { RN; Ouedraog O, Zougmore }} , year={2018. 2018} 12 , note={in Climate Services} } @book{b30, , title={{Diversification, ri sk management and risk c oping strategies: Evidence from rural households in three provinces in Vietnam}} , author={{ PTDuc } and { HWaibel }} , year={2010} 2020 } @book{b31, , title={{Effets Des Strategies D'adaptation Ex Ante Et Bien Ëtre Des Menages Agricoles proceedings of the German Development Econmics conference}} } @incollection{b32, , title={{Household strategies and Rural livelihood diversification}} , author={{ FEllis }} 10.1080/00220389808422553 , journal={{Journal of Development studies}} 35 1 , year={1998} } @book{b33, , title={{Income diversi fication in Zimbabwe: Welfare implications from urban and rural areas}} , author={{ LErsado }} , year={2006} , publisher={The World Bank} } @book{b34, , title={{Rural vulnerability in Serbia}} , author={{ LErsado }} , year={2006} , publisher={The World Bank} } @incollection{b35, , title={{The determinants of nonfarm income diversification in rural Peru}} , author={{ JEscobal }} , journal={{World development}} 29 3 , year={2001} } @incollection{b36, , title={{The formation of risk sharing Networks}} , author={{ MFafchamps } and { FGubert }} , journal={{Journal of Development Economics}} 83 2 , year={2007} } @incollection{b37, , title={{Contingent laon Repayment in the Phippines}} , author={{ MFafchamps } and { FUbert }} , journal={{Development}} , year={2002. 2002/14} , note={Working Papers DT/. institutions et Mondialisation} } @incollection{b38, , title={{The enforcement of commercial contracts in Ghana}} , author={{ MFafchamps }} , journal={{World Development}} 24 3 , year={1996} } @incollection{b39, , title={{Risk sharing and quasicredit}} , author={{ MFafchamps }} , journal={{Journal of International Trade & Economic Development}} 8 3 , year={1999 b} } @incollection{b40, , title={{Farm size, risk aversion and the adoption of new technology under uncertainty}} , author={{ GFeder }} , journal={{Oxford Economic Pa pers}} 32 2 , year={1980} } @book{b41, , title={{A rational risk policy for regulating plant di seases and pests}} , author={{ JWGlauber } and { CANarrod }} , year={2001. 2016-25821} } @book{b42, , author={{ CPGnanglè }} , title={{Perceptions paysannes du changement climatique, stratégies d'adaptation dans la gestion des parcs à karité au Bénin}} , year={2012} } @incollection{b43, , title={{« Rentabilité économique des systèmes de production des parcs à Karité dans le contexte de l'adaptation au changement climatique du Nord-Bénin}} , author={{ PCGnanglè } and { JAYabi } and { NRYegbemey } and { RGKakaï } and { NSopkon }} , journal={{African Crop Science Journal}} 20 2 , year={2012} } @book{b44, , title={{Is a friend in need a friend indeed? Inclusion and Exclusion in Mutual insurance Networks in Southern Ghana}} , author={{ MGoldstein } and { ADe Janvry } and { ESad }} , year={2002} } @incollection{b45, , title={{Household consumption smoothing through ethnic ties: evidence from Cote d'Ivoire}} , author={{ FGrimard }} , journal={{Journal of development Economics}} 53 2 , year={1997} } @book{b46, , title={{Coping with Risk in Agriculture, CAB International}} , author={{ JBHardaker } and { RB MHuirne } and { JRAnderson }} , year={1997} , address={Wallingford} } @book{b47, , title={{Risk, learning, and the adoption of fertilizer responsive seed varieties}} , author={{ LDHiebert }} , year={1974} } @incollection{b48, , title={{}} , journal={{American Journal of Agricultural Economics}} 56 4 } @incollection{b49, , title={{Annuairestatistique du Cameroun}} , journal={{INS}} , year={2015. 2015} } @incollection{b50, , title={{Behavioural responses to risk in rural China}} , author={{ JJalan } and { MRavallion }} , journal={{Journal of Development Economics}} 66 1 , year={2000} } @incollection{b51, , title={{Risk aversion, technology choice, and equity effects of agricultural policy}} , author={{ REJust } and { DZilberman }} , journal={{American Journal of Agricultural Economics}} 67 2 , year={1984} } @incollection{b52, , title={{Coping with drought in Zimbabwe: survey evidence on responses of rural households to risk}} , author={{ BKinsey } and { KBurger } and { JW }} , journal={{World Development}} 26 1 , year={1998} } @incollection{b53, , title={{Smoothing consumption by smoothing income: Hours-of-Work Responses to idiosyncratic agricultural Shocks in rural India}} , author={{ AKochar }} , booktitle={{The review of Economics and Statistics}} , year={1999. Feb. 1999} 81 } @incollection{b54, , title={{The Washington consensus on p oor country agriculture: analysi s, prescription and institutional gaps}} , author={{ JKydd } and { ADorward }} , journal={{Development policy review}} 19 4 , year={2001} } @incollection{b55, , title={{Household resource allocations in responses to ri sks and returns in a command area of Western Zimbabwe}} , author={{ MKLuckert } and { JWilson } and { VAdamowicz } and { ABCunningham }} , journal={{Ecological Economics}} 33 3 , year={2000} } @incollection{b56, , title={{« Optimization of resource use levels: response analysis}} , author={{ DJMcconnell } and { JLDillon }} , journal={{FAO Farm Systems Management Series}} 13 , year={1997} , note={Farm management for Asia: a systems approach} } @incollection{b57, , title={{Farmers coping strategies for climate shock: Is it differentiated by gender?}} , author={{ MMehar } and { SMittal } and { NPrasad }} , journal={{Journal of Rural Studies}} , year={2016} } @book{b58, , title={{Income Diversification and Poverty in the Northern Uplands of Vietnam}} , author={{ NMinot }} 145 , year={2006} , publisher={International Food Policy Research Institute} , note={Research Report} } @incollection{b59, , title={{Income-Smoothing and consumption-smoothing}} , author={{ JMorduch }} , journal={{Journal of Economic Studies}} 65 , year={1995} } @incollection{b60, , title={{Between the State and the market: Can informal insurance patch the safety net? The World Bank}} , author={{ JMorduch }} , journal={{Research Observer}} 14 2 , year={1999} } @incollection{b61, , title={{Quarantine risk analysis}} , author={{ MNunn }} , journal={{Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics}} 41 4 , year={1997} } @incollection{b62, , title={{«Perspectives agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO}} , author={{ Ocde } and { Fao }} , booktitle={{Rapport sur les rendements agricoles en Afrique}} , year={2012. 2017} , note={En ligne) www.books.g oogle. com, consulté 10 septembre} } @incollection{b63, , title={{Irrigation and crop yield variability: A review}} , author={{ SPandey }} , booktitle={{Variability in Grain Yields: Implications for Agricultural Research and Policy in Development Countries}} , editor={ JRAnderson PB RHazell } Baltimore , publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press for IFPRI} , year={1989} } @book{b64, , title={{« Economic Cost of Drought and Farmers' Coping Mechanisms : A Study of Rained Rice Systems in Eastern India}} , author={{ SPandey } and { DDBehura } and { RVillano } and { DNaik }} , year={2001} , address={Los Banos} , note={Unpubilshed paper, IRRI} } @book{b65, , title={{Development microeconomic s}} , author={{ KPranab } and { CBardhan } and { Udry }} , year={1999} , publisher={Clarendon Press} } @book{b66, , author={{ MRavallion } and { SChaudhuri }} , title={{Ri sk and insurance in village India: Comment}} , year={1997} } @incollection{b67, , title={{}} , journal={{Econometrica}} 65 1 } @book{b68, , title={{The Competitive Firm's Response to Risk}} , author={{ LJRobison } and { PJBarry }} , year={1987} , publisher={Macmillan} , address={New York} } @incollection{b69, , title={{Borrowing behavi or under financial stress by the proprietary firm: a theoretical analysis}} , author={{ LJRobison } and { PJBarry } and { WGBurghardt }} , journal={{Western Journal of A gricultural Economics}} , year={1987} } @incollection{b70, , title={{Credit Market constraints, Consumption smoothing and the Accumulation of Durable Production Assets in Low-Income Countries: Investments in Bullocks in India}} , author={{ MRosenzweig } and { KWolpin }} , journal={{Journal of Political Economy}} 101 2 , year={1993. April} } @incollection{b71, , title={{« The meaning of kinship in sharecropping contracts}} , author={{ ESadoulet } and { De Janvry } and { SFukui }} , journal={{American Journal of Agricultural Economics}} 79 2 , year={1997} } @incollection{b72, , title={{Sharecropping in a North Indian village}} , author={{ NSharma } and { JDrèze }} , journal={{Journal of Development Studies}} 33 1 , year={1996} } @incollection{b73, , title={{Managing vulnerability to drought and enhancing livelihood resilience in sub-saharan Africa: Technological, institutional and policy options}} , author={{ BShifaraw } and { KTesfaye } and { MKassie } and { TAbate } and { BMPrasanna } and { AMenkir }} , booktitle={{Weather and Climate Extremes}} , year={2014} 3 } @incollection{b74, , title={{Incentives and risk sharing in sharecropping}} , author={{ JEStiglitz }} , journal={{The Review of Economic Studies}} 41 2 , year={1974} } @incollection{b75, , title={{On children's books}} , author={{ JTowsend }} , booktitle={{SPECTATOR-LONDO N-WEEKLY}} , year={1995} 275 } @incollection{b76, , title={{Perceived effects of drought on household's food security in South-Western Uganda: Coping responses and determinants}} , author={{ RTwongyirwe } and { BMfitumukiza } and { BRBarasa } and { Naggayi }} 10.1016/j.ware.2019.100201 , booktitle={{Weather and Climate extremes}} , year={2019. 2019} } @incollection{b77, , title={{Diversi fication as a ri sk management strategy in an Andean agro pastoral community}} , author={{ CValdivia } and { EGDunn } and { CJetté }} , journal={{American Journal of Agricultural Economics}} 78 5 , year={1996} } @book{b78, , title={{Dealing with Commodity Price Uncertainty}} , author={{ PVarangis } and { DLarson }} , year={1996} , address={World Bank, Washington, DC} , note={Policy Research Working Paper 1667} }