@incollection{,
	
					
					
					3A38C09FC7BD830B13E7DE1EC5C54146
				,
	author={{Dr. A. F.Usman} and {Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto-Nigeria}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}},
	journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1524550
}

@book{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{According to Ijomah the whole area had been referred to as Hausa territories, the Niger Empire, Niger Sudan and the Niger Coast protectorate. See B. I. O. Ijomah, 'Nationalism and Socio-Political Integration: The Nigerian Situation}}
		
			,
	year={1972}
			1
		
		
			USA, Northwest University
		
	
	,
	note={PhD Thesis}

}

@book{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Nigeria: Background to Nationalism}}
		,
	author={{
			JColeman
		}}
		
			,
	year={1958}
			,
	publisher={University of California Press}
			45
			,
	address={California}
		
	

}

@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{A Social and Economic History of Hausaland Since c. 1500A.D., Makurdi, Aboki Publishers, forthcoming 5 They are}}
		,
	author={{
			AFUsman
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Jurgen Colonial Product Ltd}}
		,
	editor={British West Africa and H. B. W. Russell Co Ltd}
		
			,
	publisher={John Holt & Co, G. Gottschalch & Co Ltd}
		
	
	,
	note={Islam and the Integration of Migrant Communities: The Yoruba Experience in Metropolitan Gusau}

}

@book{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			Wjhcb/Gusau
		}}
		
			,
	year={District Report/26, 1936}
			3
		
	

}

@book{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			Ibid
		}}
		
	

}

@book{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{See also Y. A. Lasisi, 'Gusau in the 20 th Century: The Case of Hausa and Yoruba Relations}}
		,
	author={{
			MAdamu
		} and {
			Adamu
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={1978. 1988}
			,
	publisher={Zaria, A. B.U Press}
			16
		
		
			B. A. History Project, University of Sokoto
		
	
	,
	note={The Hausa Factor in West Africa Histoy}

}

@book{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{10 Alajapa or better still Olowo apo are basically commercial artisans or traders. They usually take to Gusau agricultural products such as banana, oranges, pine-apple, kola-nuts, yams etc. and in return they buy livestock products, hides and skin, onions, beans, ground-nut oil}}
		
	
	,
	note={pepper etc}

}

@book{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{Alhaji Abdulfatai Coker Sabongero, business man, oral interview}}
		
			,
	year={1th June, 2000}
			51
			,
	address={Sokoto}
		
	

}

@book{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Hajiya Bintu Salawu, business woman, oral interview, Sabon Gari}}
		
			,
	year={1th May, 1999}
			58
			,
	address={Gusau}
		
	

}

@book{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			OpSabongero
		} and {
			Cit
		}}
		
		
	

}

@book{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Lebanese in Kano}}
		,
	author={{
			SAAlbasu
		}}
		
			,
	year={1995}
			15
			,
	address={Kano}
		
	
	,
	note={Ibid}

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Ibid. Also Sabongero, op.cit}}
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Enterprise in a Migrant Community: A Case Study of Yoruba Migrants in Northern Ghana with special reference to}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Tamale}}
		,
	editor={J. S. Eades, op.cit. See also J. S. Eades}
		
			,
	year={1975}
		
		
			University of Cambridge
		
	
	,
	note={PhD Thesis}

}

@book{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{He is Malam Garba Chindo oral interview}}
		
			,
	year={rd April, 1999}
			51
			,
	address={Gusau, Transporter}
		
	

}

@book{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Alhaji Najeem Usman Yasin, Chairman, National Union of Road Transport Workers, Zamfara State, oral interview}}
		
			,
	year={28 th May, 1999}
			,
	address={Gusau}
		
	
	,
	note={44 yrs old. Currently he is the National President of N.U.R.T.W.}

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Cultural and Inter-Group Relations in Nigeria: Past, Present and Future}}
		,
	author={{
			AIYandaki
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{The Farfaru Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Studies}}
		
			4
			5
			42
			,
	year={1995}
		
	

}

@book{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{Religion and Political Culture in Kano}}
		,
	author={{
			JNPaden
		}}
		
			,
	publisher={University of California Press}
			19
			354
		
	

}

@book{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			OpSabongero
		} and {
			Cit
		}}
		
		
	

}

@book{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			OpYandaki
		} and {
			Cit
		}}
		
		
			46
		
	

}

@book{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{See also I. O. Albert, Inter-Ethnic Relations in a Nigerian City: A Historical Perspectives of the Hausa-Igbo Conflicts in Kano}}
		,
	author={{
			IOAlbert
		}}
		
			,
	year={1993. 1913-1991. 1993}
			
		
		
			University of Ibadan
		
	
	,
	note={PhD Thesis}
	,
	note={Urban Migrant Settlement in Nigeria: A Comparison of the Sabon-Gari in Kano and Ibadan. mimeo}

}

@book{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{Custom and Politics in an Urban African Community: A Study of Hausa Migrants in Yoruba Towns, California, 1969, see also Paden}}
		,
	author={{
			ACohen
		}}
		op.cit
		
	

}

@book{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{His first son-Alh. Abdulrazak Shobanke is now the Sarkin Yarbawan Zamfara I}}
		,
	author={{
			Alh
		}}
		
	
	,
	note={Semiu Shobanke (due to ill health has relocated to Abeokuta)}

}

@book{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Yoruba men who married Hausa ladies are also as follows: Alh}}
		
	

}

@book{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{). The R.C.M Primary School is now known as Ibrahim Gusau Primary School and is situated along Gusau-Zaria}}
		,
	editor={They are Roman Catholic Mission (R.C.M) and Christ Missionary Society (C.M.S}
		
	
	,
	note={Road near Central Bank Gusau while the C.M.S. named theirs as C.M.S I and II}

}

@book{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{I is now known as Dangaladima Model Primary School Gusau situate dnear M}}
		,
	author={{
			MS
		}}
		
	
	,
	note={II is known as Government Day Junior Secondary School Gusau}

}

@book{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{(though a Christian, he was the first Headmaster of the School), oral interview}}
		,
	author={{
			LayiOlaleye
		}}
		
			,
	year={25 th March, 1999. 1969}
			60
			,
	address={Gusau}
		
	

}

@book{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{Alhaji Abdullahi Shehu Gusau (first indigenous headmaster of the School), oral interview, Educationist}}
		
			,
	year={15 th May, 1999}
		
	
	,
	note={58 yrs old}

}

@book{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{The two other contestants were Alhaji Bala Waiman Gusau and a Bendelite}}
		
	

}

@book{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			BOThey Are
		} and {
			BayoOlusoga
		} and {
			AlhajiBLawanson
		}}
		
		
		
	

}

@book{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			They Are Alhaji Semiu Shobanke
		} and {
			Former Sarkin Yarbawa
		} and {
			AlhajiB OGusau
		} and {
			Olaonipekun
		}}
		
		
		
		
	

}

@book{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{These are Schools they established-both Islamic and Western type}}
		
	

}

@book{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{Aminu Kelani, oral Interview, civil servant}}
		
			,
	year={3 rd April, 1999}
			,
	address={Gusau}
		
	
	,
	note={4 yrs old}

}

@book{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			AdamuOp
		}}
		
	
	,
	note={cit}

}

@book{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			OpSabongero
		} and {
			Cit
		}}
		
		
	

}

@book{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{Alhaji Ismaila Galadima (Sarkin Rafi Galadiman Gusau), oral interview}}
				Gusau; Old
		
			,
	year={9 th April, 1999}
			59
		
	

}

@book{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{Also Sanusi Bamidele Bello, football coach, oral interview}}
		,
	author={{
			OpSabongero
		} and {
			Cit
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={26 th March, 1999}
			52
			,
	address={Gusau}
		
	

}