@incollection{, C479C1C4137213901913F60F69C11EF2 , author={{Chukwuemeka EzeMalachy} and {Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka}}, journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}}, journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS, address={Cambridge, United States}, publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1358798 } @book{b0, , title={{The economic costs of conflict: A case control study for the Basque Country}} , author={{ AAbadie } and { JGardeazabal }} , year={2001} , address={Cambridge, MA} , note={NEBR Working Paper 8478} } @book{b1, , title={{The Challenges of Security in Nigeria}} , author={{ AAbubakar }} , year={2004. November 26} , address={Kuru on} , note={A paper presented at the NIPSS} } @book{b2, , title={{Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy}} , author={{ DAcemoglu } and { JRobinson }} , year={2006} , publisher={Cambridge University Press} , address={Cambridge (MA} } @incollection{b3, , title={{The Boko Haram Uprising and Islamic Revivalism in Nigeria}} , author={{ AAdesoji }} , journal={{Africa Spectrum}} 45 2 , year={2010} } @book{b4, , title={{The impact of Jalumi war (1878) on the people of Ikirun. Being a long essay submitted in partial fulfilment of the award for the Nigerian Certificate in Education (NCE) to the Department of History}} , author={{ RAAdetoro }} , year={1982} , address={Oyo (now Osun) State College of Education, Ila-Orangun, Nigeria} } @incollection{b5, , title={{Waiting for Godot": Regime Change Without Democratization in the Middle East}} , author={{ HolgerAlbrecht } and { OliverSchlumberger }} , journal={{International Political Science Review}} 25 , year={2004} , note={371 The online version of this article can be} } @incollection{b6, , title={{}} , journal={{Theory and Society}} 8 , year={June-December} } @incollection{b7, , title={{Building Institutional Legitimacy: The Role of Procedural Justice}} , author={{ VanessaABaird }} , journal={{Political Research Quarterly}} 54 , year={2001} } @incollection{b8, , title={{An intervention analysis of terrorism: The Spanish Eta case}} , author={{ CPBarros }} , journal={{Defence and Peace Economics}} 14 6 , year={2003} } @incollection{b9, , title={{An Economic Theory of Foreign Interventions and Regime Change}} , author={{ RobertoBonfatti }} NO. 3475 , journal={{CESIFO WORKING PAPER}} , year={May 2011} } @incollection{b10, , title={{Socioeconomic and Political Roots of National Revolts in Central America}} , author={{ JohnABooth }} , journal={{Latin American Research Review}} 26 1 , year={1996} } @book{b11, , title={{Global Forces and Regime Change: Guatemala With in the Central American Context". Paper presented at the Seminar on Guatemalan Development and Democratization: Proactive Responses to Globalization}} , author={{ JohnABooth }} , year={1998. March 26-28} , address={Guatemala City} Universidad del Valle de Guatemala } @book{b12, , title={{A Time of Terror}} , author={{ BellJBowyer }} , year={1978} , publisher={Basic Books} , address={New York} } @incollection{b13, , title={{Untold Story of how Boko Haram bombed UN House}} , author={{ JBrock }} , journal={{The Nation}} , year={2012. February 1} , note={Wednesday} } @book{b14, , title={{Land Power, and Poverty: Agrarian Transformation and Political Conflict in Central America}} , author={{ CharlesBrockett }} , year={1988} , publisher={Unwin Hyman} , address={Boston} } @incollection{b15, , title={{Retaliating against terrorism: Rational expectations and the optimality of rules versus discretion}} , author={{ BBrophy-Baermann } and { JAConybeare }} , journal={{American Journal of Political Science}} 38 1 , year={1994} } @book{b16, , title={{The Boko Haram Tragedy and Other Issues. The Punch}} , author={{ JBumah } and { AAbimbola }} , year={2009} 40 , address={Lagos} } @book{b17, , title={{Deviance Terrorism and War}} , author={{ JBurton }} , year={1979} , address={Oxford: Martin Robertson} } @book{b18, , title={{}} , author={{ GregoryACaldeira } and { JamesLGibson }} , year={1992} } @incollection{b19, , title={{The Etiology of Public Support for the Supreme Court}} , journal={{American Journal of Political Science}} 36 } @book{b20, , title={{In the Name of Democracy: U.S. Policy toward Latin America in the Reagan Years}} , author={{ ThomasCarothers }} , year={1991} , publisher={University of California Press} , address={Berkeley and Los Angeles} } @incollection{b21, , title={{Intervention policy analysis of skyjackings and other terrorist incidents}} , author={{ JCauley } and { EIm }} , journal={{The American Economic Review}} 78 2 , year={1988} } @incollection{b22, , title={{To Be Or Not To Be: Is Boko Haram a Foreign Terrorist Organization?}} , author={{ ShannonConnell }} , journal={{Global Security Studies}} 3 3 , year={2012} } @book{b23, , title={{Islamic Fundamentalism and Sectarian Violence: The 'Maitatsine' and 'Boko Haram' Crises in Northern Nigeria. Peace and Conflict Studies Paper Series}} , author={{ NDDanjibo }} , year={2009} Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan } @book{b24, , title={{Resolving The Boko Haram Challenge}} , author={{ ODibia }} , year={2012} } @book{b25, , author={{ LauraKDonahue }} , title={{the Name of National Security: U.S. Counterterrorist Measures}} , year={2001. 1960-2000} John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University , note={BCSIA Discussion Paper 2001-6, ESDP Discussion Paper ESDP-2001-04} } @incollection{b26, , title={{Coups, corporations, and classied information}} , author={{ ArindrajitDube } and { EthanKaplan } and { SureshNaidu }} , journal={{Quarterly Journal of Economics}} 77 , year={2011} } @book{b27, , title={{Superpower interventions and their consequences for democracy: An empirical inquiry}} , author={{ WilliamEasterly } and { ShankerSatyanath } and { DanielBerger }} No.13992 , year={2008} , publisher={NBER Working Papers} } @book{b28, , title={{}} , author={{ DavidEaston }} , year={1965b} } @book{b29, , title={{A Framework for Political Analysis}} , publisher={Prentice Hall} , address={Englewood Cliffs, NJ} } @incollection{b30, , title={{Tension as groups flee over Boko Hram Threats}} , author={{ SEgburonu }} , journal={{The Nation on Sunday}} , year={2012. January 29} } @incollection{b31, , title={{Libya and the U.S.: Qadhafi Unrepentant}} , author={{ Eljahmi }} , booktitle={{Middle East Quarterly}} , year={2006} XIII } @incollection{b32, , title={{The effectiveness of antiterrorism policies: A vectorautoregression-intervention analysis}} , author={{ WEnders } and { TSandler }} , journal={{The American Political Science Review}} 87 4 , year={1993} } @incollection{b33, , title={{Is transnational terrorism becoming more threatening?}} , author={{ WEnders } and { TSandler }} , journal={{Journal of Conflict Resolution}} 44 , year={2000} } @incollection{b34, , title={{Patterns of transnational terrorism, 1970-1999: Alternative timeseries estimates}} , author={{ WEnders } and { TSandler }} , journal={{International Studies Quarterly}} 46 2 , year={2002} } @incollection{b35, , title={{UN conventions, terrorism, and retaliation in the fight against terrorism: An econometric evaluation}} , author={{ WEnders } and { TSandler } and { JCauley }} , booktitle={{Terrorism and Political Violence}} , year={1990} 2 } @book{b36, , title={{Who are Nigeria's Boko Haram Islamists}} , author={{ CFarouk }} , year={2012} } @incollection{b37, , title={{Economic Crisis and Regime Change: An Event History Analysis}} , author={{ MarkJGasiorowski }} , journal={{American Political Science Review}} 89 , year={1995} } @book{b38, , author={{ PGilbert }} , title={{New Terror New Wars}} Edinburgh , publisher={Edinburgh University Press} , year={2003} } @book{b39, , author={{ JGuinnessy } and { PDawson }} , title={{Terrorism drives Bush R and D money to defense and NIJ}} , year={2002} } @incollection{b40, , title={{The science funding flat in fiscal}} , journal={{Physics Today}} 55 30 , year={2003} } @book{b41, , title={{Empirical Research on Political Terrorism}} , author={{ TRGurr }} , editor={Slater, R, & Gurr, Ted Robert} , year={1988. 1970} } @incollection{b42, , title={{}} , journal={{Why Men Rebel}} , publisher={Princeton University Press} } @book{b43, , author={{ THodgkin }} , title={{Nigeria in perspective: an Historical anthology}} Oxford , publisher={Oxford press} , year={1975} , note={2nd edition} } @book{b44, , title={{Inside Terrorism}} , author={{ BHoffman }} , year={1998} , publisher={Columbia University Press} , address={New York} } @book{b45, , title={{The State, War and The state of war}} , author={{ KJHolsti }} , year={1996} , publisher={Cambridge University Press} , address={Cambridge} } @book{b46, , title={{The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century}} , author={{ SamuelPHuntington }} , year={1993} , publisher={University of Oklahoma Press} , address={Norman} } @incollection{b47, , title={{A Nation on the Brink}} , author={{ BJohnson }} , booktitle={{The News}} , year={2012. February 6} } @book{b48, , title={{New and Old Wars}} , author={{ MKaldor }} , year={1999} , publisher={Polity Press} , address={London} } @book{b49, , title={{The Coming Anarchy: how scarcity, crime, overpopulation, tribalism, and disease are rapidly destroying the social fabric of our planet, The Atlantic}} , author={{ RobertDKaplan }} , year={1994. February} } @book{b50, , title={{The New Terrorism}} , author={{ WLaquer }} , year={2001} , publisher={Phoenix Press} , address={Oxford} , note={3rd Ed} } @book{b51, , title={{The Age of Terrorism}} , author={{ WLaqueur }} , year={1987} , publisher={Weidenfeld and Nicolson} , address={London} } @incollection{b52, , title={{Bush goes to war as budget boosts}} , author={{ CMacilwain }} , journal={{Revenue and Development Journal of Nature}} 415 564 , year={2002} } @incollection{b53, , title={{Evidence-based corrections: Identifying what works}} , author={{ DMackenzie }} , journal={{Crime and Delinquency}} 46 , year={2000} } @incollection{b54, , title={{Cures that harm: Unanticipated outcomes of crime prevention programs}} , author={{ JMccord }} , journal={{Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science}} 587 , year={2003} } @incollection{b55, , title={{Civic Culture and Democracy: The Question of Causal Relationships}} , author={{ EdwardNMuller } and { MitchellASeligson }} , journal={{American Political Science Review}} 88 , year={1994. September} } @book{b56, , title={{Kano under siege". The New York Times}} , author={{ ANossiter }} , year={2009} } @book{b57, , title={{Terrorism as Ideology and Cultural Industry,' in George A, Western State Terrorism}} , author={{ GO'sullivan } and { EHerman }} , year={1991} , publisher={Polity Press} , address={Cambridge} } @incollection{b58, , title={{Boko Haram is battle for}} , author={{ OObinna }} , booktitle={{The Nation (Sept.29) Available , }} , year={2011. 2015} } @incollection{b59, , title={{Is Nigeria under siege}} , author={{ BOgunyemi } and { MKAlign }} , journal={{The National scholar}} 8 2 , year={2011} } @book{b60, , title={{Smoke Out Boko Haram Sponsors, Jonathan Orders Security Chiefs}} , author={{ BOladeji } and { GAgba }} , year={2011} , note={All Africa} } @incollection{b61, , title={{Rapid Growth as a Destabilizing Force}} , author={{ MancurOlson }} , journal={{Journal of Economic History}} 23 4 , year={1979} } @book{b62, , title={{Agrarian Revolution: Social Movements and Export Agriculture in the under developed World}} , author={{ JeffreyMPaige }} , year={1975} , publisher={The Free Press} , address={New York} } @incollection{b63, , title={{Military deterrence of international terrorism: An evaluation of Operation El Dorado Canyon}} , author={{ HPrunckun } and { PMohr }} , journal={{Studies in Conflict and Terrorism}} 20 , year={1997} } @book{b64, , author={{ ORichmond }} , title={{Realising Hegemony? Symbolic Terrorism and the Roots of Conflict, Conflict and Terrorism}} Cambridge , publisher={Polity Press} , year={2006} } @book{b65, , title={{Alchemists of Revolution: Terrorism in the Modern World}} , author={{ RERubenstein }} , year={1987} , publisher={Basic Books Inc} , address={New York} } @book{b66, , title={{Anti-terrorism legislation and democracy in Africa}} , author={{ RotimiSankore }} , year={2008} } @book{b67, , title={{Political terrorism: A new guide to actors, authors, concepts, databases, theories and literature}} , author={{ APSchmid } and { AJJongman }} , year={2004} , publisher={North-Holland Publishing Company} , address={Amsterdam} } @book{b68, , title={{Elections and Democracy in Central America}} , author={{ MitchellASeligson } and { JohnABooth }} , year={1995} , publisher={University of North Carolina Press} } @book{b69, , title={{Evidence based crime prevention}} , author={{ LWSherman } and { DPFarrington } and { BCWelsh } and { Mackenzie }} , editor={D.L.} , year={2002} , publisher={Routledge} , address={London} } @incollection{b70, , title={{Fire of Iolaus: The role of state counter-measures in causing terrorism and what needs to be done}} , author={{ ASilke }} , booktitle={{Root causes of terrorism: Myths, reality and ways forward}} , editor={ TBjorgo } Oxford, UK , publisher={Routledge} , year={2005} } @book{b71, , title={{Research on terrorism: Trends, achievements and failures}} , author={{ ASilke }} , year={2004} , publisher={Taylor and Francis} , address={New York} } @book{b72, , title={{States and Social Revolution}} , author={{ ThedaSkocpol }} , year={1979} , publisher={Cambridge University Press} , address={Cambridge} } @book{b73, , title={{Losing Initiative on the War against Terrorism". The Punch, Thursday}} , author={{ OSoyombo }} , year={2012. July 5} 17 } @incollection{b74, , title={{Living in the shadows of Boko Haram}} , author={{ TSuleiman }} , booktitle={{Tell magazine}} , year={2011. November 21} } @book{b75, , title={{From Mobilization to Revolution}} , author={{ CharlesTilly }} , year={1978} , publisher={Addison-Wesley} , address={Reading, MA} } @book{b76, , title={{Legitimacy and Empowerment of Discretionary Legal Authority: The United States Supreme Court and Abortion Rights}} , author={{ TomRTyler } and { MitchellGregory }} , year={1994} , note={43 Duke Law Journal 703} } @book{b77, , title={{The Art of War}} , author={{ SunTzu }} , year={1963} , publisher={Oxford University Press} , address={Oxford} } @book{b78, , title={{Reluctant Rebels: Comparative Studies in Revolution and Underdevelopment}} , author={{ JohnWalton }} , year={1984} , publisher={Columbia University Press} , address={New York} } @book{b79, , title={{assessing systematic evidence in crime and justice: Methodological concerns and empirical outcomes (Preface)}} , author={{ DWeisburd } and { APetrosino } and { CLum }} , year={2003} } @book{b80, , title={{Exporting Democracy: The United States and Latin America}} , author={{ LawrenceWhitehead }} , editor={Abraham F. Lowenthal} , year={1991. 1992} , publisher={Princeton University Press} 79 , address={Baltimore; Timothy; Princeton} , note={Guerrillas and Revolution in Latin America} } @book{b81, , title={{Terrorism Versus Democracy, The Liberal State Response}} , author={{ PWilkinson }} , year={2000} , address={London: Frank Cass} }