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\title{Strategy for Building the Organization of the Forest Management Communities around the Education and Training Area Sawala -Kadipaten-Majalengka, West Java}
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             \author[1]{Ian  Maryana}

             \author[2]{Soleh  Suryadi}

             \author[3]{Ali Anwar  Yusuf}

             \author[4]{Makbul  Mansyur}

             \affil[1]{  Universitas Pasundan}

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\date{\small \em Received: 14 December 2019 Accepted: 2 January 2020 Published: 15 January 2020}

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\begin{abstract}
        


This research is based on the main problem regarding the community around the Forest Education and Training (ET).Generally, They do not only fully understand but also they have no sense of belonging , realize the importance of forests and forestry for human life and other living things. The community is one of the factors that causing disruption on forest areas and forest products, theft, forest fires, forests are used as landfills, and the economic conditions of the middle to lower classes, this can cause damage the Forest Education and Training area. The purpose of this research is to find out and illustrate more deeply about how the strategy build the community organization of forest management, then gaining the steps that can be obtained more effective and efficient so that community organizations are sustainable, and increase with the changing times, so that it is expected to be a solution to the problem solving that occurs towards Forest Education and Training.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{strategy, building, community organization, forest management.}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
any factors influence and cause problems toward the State Forest areas, one of them is the community living around the forest area, Those who live closest the areas do not fully know, understand, realize, sesnse of belonging to the importance of the environment, forests and forestry for their life, as well as a factor causing disturbance to forest areas, encroachment of forest boundaries, theive of timber and non-timber forest products, forest fires, forest areas being used as garbage dumps, it is alleged that the community around the area generally has a middle to lower economic level, this causes the damage that affects to the condition of forest areas. It happeness not only found in developing countries such as Indonesia, but also occurs in developed countries. The community around the forest area is presumably in the middle to lower economic level, especially outside Java. The majority of the people living around the Sawala -Kadipaten -Majalengka -West Java Educational and Training Forest (Hutdik), most of their livelihoods are farming on relatively narrow land owned by arable land.\par
The specific problem above is that by building a forest management community organization around Hutdik Sawala, then forest management can be carried out together with community organizations so that it provides the contribution to solve problems that occur in forest areas and It is expected to increase incoming and reducing poverty for communities around the area of Sawala Training Forest.\par
The government through the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (Kemen LHK) issued Decree P.83 /MENLHK /SETJEN /RUM.1 /10/2016 concerning Social Forestry, one of the considerations is to reduce poverty, unemployment and inequality in the management and utilization of forest areas, Social Forestry activities are needed through granting legal access to local communities in the form of village forest management, Community Forest Business Permits, Community Plantation Forests, forestry partnerships or recognition and protection of customary law communities for community welfare and preservation of forest resources in State forest areas.\par
The Sawala Education and Training Forest is one of the state forest areas with a special purpose (KHDTK), It`s for educational and research purposes, its function also is as a Production Forest (HP) which surrounded by communities, however, this often occurs fires, encroachment of area boundaries, timber theft and so on. Possibility, the education and training forest has not provided direct benefits to the community, so it is necessary to allocate the community the cultivated land to participate in managing part of the training forest area.\par
Based on the specific problem indicators above, the researchers formulated problems (problem statements) that by a strategy of building a forest management community organization, The activity of forest management with the community provide a solution contribution or solve problems that cause damage that affects the condition of the forest area, increasing people's income. and it is expected to reduce poverty around the Sawala Kadipaten-Majalengka, West Java Training Forest area.\par
Based on the background above, the researcher intends to research by the title "Strategy For Building The Organization Of The Forest management Communities Around The Education And Training Area Sawala -Kadipaten-Majalengka, West Java". 
\section[{II. The Frame of Theoritical Thinking}]{II. The Frame of Theoritical Thinking}\par
The theory used in his dissertation research is that public administration theory as the main theory, according to John M Pfiffner and R.V Presthus (1960: 14) in Syafiie (2009: 31) as Grand Theory. State Administration Theory According to Dwight  in Syafri (2012: 10) as Middle Range Theory. Meanwhile, Operational Theory uses the theory of building a community organization by Michael Jacoby  {\ref Brown (2006: 23-25}). The thinking framework can be described as follows:  
\section[{Research Method}]{Research Method}\par
The research method is a qualitative descriptive research method. It is to examine the strategy of building forest management community organizations around the Sawala Education and Training Forest, its approach is a case study in the Training Forest to understand the social problems and condition of the community related to build community organizations, it is expected to help manage the area in Arable land which has been allocated and it is expected to help resolve problems that occur in the Training Forest. Researchers learned the overall social situation, including the place aspects, the actors and activities integrated synergistically. Data collection was carried out on natural conditions, primary data sources, and data collection techniques were more on participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The activities of data analysis in this research are reduction data and displaying data, and clonclusing drawing veryfication. To test the level of credibility and validity of the data, researchers used triangulation techniques. Bogdan and Taylor in Moleong (2007: 3) suggest that qualitative methodology is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written and spoken words from people and observed behavior. It is performed in natural conditions and discovery character.\par
The Research used operational parameters that its function is as a strategy for building forest management community organizations. It refered to the seven stages according to the theory of Michael Jacoby  {\ref Brown (2006: 23-25)}, which become the basis for asking questions to the respondens or resource persons about the seven stages. namely: The ides a appears, Developing a vision, Start with yourself what makes you Tick, Listen to Others, Put your Organization out writing, Developing a committee of sponsoring, Discussion between the core group. After building community organizations, the next step is how to maintain and improve community forest management organizations.\par
IV. 
\section[{The Result of the Research and Discussion a) The Community Organizations Around the Training Forest Sawala}]{The Result of the Research and Discussion a) The Community Organizations Around the Training Forest Sawala}\par
Based on the results of the participant's research, they were built to become members of community organizations, that is the community that consist of four villages which are directly border to the Diklat forest.\par
BDLHK Kadipaten allocate arable land for each KTH by the aim of being able to manage forest areas on the arable land. It is hoped that it can help conserve the Education and Training Forest and it is hoped that programmed activities can produce useful products for the relevant community organizations, the land is cultivated and planted with types of forest plants with Multi Purpose Tree Species (MPTS), namely multi-use plants and other plants, according to mutual agreement among the members community, the cultivated land as on the indicative map of social forestry is as follows: The KTH Wana Bhakti community is a community located in Gandasari Village, Kasokandel District, with a total of 31 (thirty one) members. The area of his cultivated land is 3.96 ha and is located border to the Gandasari Village area. 
\section[{ii. KTH Wana Lestari}]{ii. KTH Wana Lestari}\par
The KTH Wana Lestari community is administratively located in Cipaku Village, Kadipaten District, Majalengka Regency West Java, with a total membership of 30 (thirty) people. The area of the cultivated land is 4,362 ha. 
\section[{iii. Komuniy of KTH Makmur}]{iii. Komuniy of KTH Makmur}\par
KTH Community Makmur a community is located in Liang Julang Village, Kec. Kadipaten with a total of 30 (thirty) members. The land is 14.2 hectares, along the boundary of Pal 85-104. However, this cultivated land is not managed like the other 2 KTHs, because the distance to the cultivated land is quite far, then more of the members keep sheep in pens near their respective houses. The position of the arable land and the village of each KTH village is as follows:\par
Volume XX Issue XI Version I   
\section[{b) Strategy stages for building community organizations}]{b) Strategy stages for building community organizations}\par
Based on the results of the research, on strategies to build community organizations, the process mechanism and its stages are in accordance with science refer to the theory of experts or based on the combination between the results of analytical research and scientific research, it must be planned to get the change for the better one. If there is already a community organization, the next analysis is comparing to the expert theory. The strategy to build a forest management community organization is more effectively and efficiently through the appropriate stages, planned according to the situation and conditions as well as the environmental supporting capacity of the community organization. Based on the research results and referring to the theory of building a more effective community organization, according to Michael Jacoby  {\ref Brown (2006: 25-60)}, it is necessary to pay attention to the seven stages. The detailed process of building a community organization from each process, the stages and the explanation are as follows:\par
i. The appearance of Idea Good ideas based on broad thinking, knowledge and owned experience, facing problems, unfulfilled needs, information coming whoever. Check if the idea is in line with the rules, societal norms and mastery of technology, the most appropriate and suitable idea being an upcoming program that can be implemented, may be starting from the problems faced. Ideas are used as goals or objectives expected by community organizations. the initial idea is as a reference to carry out community formation activities; ideas need to be accommodated and discussed together which ideas can be realized. 
\section[{ii. Developing a vision}]{ii. Developing a vision}\par
Realizing to the fast of the era changing, it is necessary to develop a vision, the vision of a community organization which is the idea of a community, so all efforts will be focused on the developing of the vision; the vision is also useful as a management tool in providing direction, community goals and what should do to achieve future goals; an effective vision is a vision that can come up inspiration, equalizing the goals and perceptions of all members of the community, it must be developed always based on the main mission or objectives; and targets to be achieved in accordance with the vision, details appearance activities will be implemented and developed in the community. 
\section[{iii. Starting from Yourself What Makes You Motivated}]{iii. Starting from Yourself What Makes You Motivated}\par
Understand why, how about the history, family, background or experience to be reference. Doing and starting from the smallest that we know about its benefits. The best motivation comes from yourself, do the best, never give up whatever happens for goodness, be grateful and appreciate what you have, enjoy and appreciate changes in your life. Always make small changes for being the better, Stay away from, avoid and do good habits, always follow the prevailing norms, be polite and good in life, dare to get out from your convinien zone for improvement, always think positively and be grateful, don't be quick to feel satisfied what you gained or obtained.\par
iv. Listen to Others Take the time to hear other people's opinions about ideas, issues, information. it can accept things we never know before. The characteristic of modern and forward-thinking people is they have a willing to listen to other people's opinions, of course it needs to be analyzed logically and rationally. Everyone needs advices warnings, guidance, direction and suggestion. The results of listening information from other people will be a consideration in developing community organizations. 
\section[{v. Put Your Organization out Writing}]{v. Put Your Organization out Writing}\par
Problems, solutions and written vision can be promoted and disseminated widely and clearly, it can increase the legitimacy of the coming ideas. The importance of inclusion of community organizations in writing in order to be known by the community and the government especially relating to license of these community organizations. Furthermore, which is no less important in writing is it will remind the missed commitment and forgotten and the more advantages are another people interested and had the wiling to work together to improve the welfare of members of community organizations. 
\section[{vi. Developing a Committee of Sponsoring}]{vi. Developing a Committee of Sponsoring}\par
Get the support in writing and commitment in developing a Sponsoring Committee. It's community governance, its content must contain Ethics, Controls, Risks and Accountability Reporting. it is necessary to share roles in the preparation of resources because the principle is cooperation according to the rules and benefits all parties. Members of community organizations always need encouragement from their environment both morally and materially, in their work, they need encouragement and guidance, social, financial, in achieving optimal work results. community commitment can be realized. 
\section[{vii. Discussing between the Core/ together of Group}]{vii. Discussing between the Core/ together of Group}\par
The discussion needs a lot of people, based on the interview, it is stated that the discussion needs ten to fifty people who share the vision and mission, this will make a change for the better for community organizations. Discussions with the core group are an effort to form mutually beneficial cooperation, overcome problems, facilitate work, reduce large and difficult work so that it can be resolved quickly, effectively and efficiently. Core group deliberations try to be carried out at a specified time, at least at the end of each year, a large meeting must be conducted as an evaluation of community activities in that year, which is discussed to be understood, known for the causes, analyzed, sought for solutions or solutions, the most appropriate decisions are taken. and the best.\par
The process mechanism and stages of building community organizations refer to the theoretical reference through seven stages, while based on the results of the study, the results are ten stages because the seven stages are still in the planning aspect, need to add three more substances related to implementation and follow-up. Although the results are different, in principle, they support all the seven stages theory. The three additional stages of building community organizations are points D.2.8, D.2.9 and D2.10. as follows: viii. Inviting and holding the meeting among the people community of organization The core group determines the location, time, administration, permits by taking into account the situation and conditions according to the number of interested people, then invites a meeting to the people who interested to become the members of forest management community organizations, aims to discuss and common perceptions of their interests or desires, common goals in order to build a forest management community organization. so that it is expected to produce an agreement of understanding on the substance and process of the next steps. 
\section[{ix. Developing the organization community and the structure Management}]{ix. Developing the organization community and the structure Management}\par
The implementation mechanism of building community organizations follows the concept of sustainable development, the implementation of building community organizations can be sustainable, if the income of community organization members increases, there is an integration between equity and growth or an increase towards a better direction according to common expectations. Then at the meeting, the action is building community organizations and formatting the management according to the members present. This meeting invited and be attended by local officials or related agencies, then the chairman conveyed the rules of the game regarding community organizations, their rights and obligations, legality, community organization activity programs, receiving suggestions and suggestions and opinions from all members present. It is expected that a decision will be made, the result of a mutual agreement, an official report and report will be made. 
\section[{x. Discussion the activity programs of community}]{x. Discussion the activity programs of community}\par
The meeting discussed the activities of forest management community organizations that will and must be carried out, namely the types of activities, time, process, total cultivated land area and arable area for each member. The program of activities referred to the framework of developing regulations and working mechanisms, namely: preparing guidelines, work procedures or work instructions, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), technical guidelines as well as access and information on the handling of problems related to the management and use of arable land in the Training Forest area. 
\section[{c) Strategies to maintain the existence of community organizations}]{c) Strategies to maintain the existence of community organizations}\par
Maintaining the existence of community organizations, the strategy alike anything that is built, created, formed, held and realized, in normal situations and conditions, in principle, its existence must be maintained, including forest management community organizations. Based on the research results, this is a very principle and fundamental existence must be maintained by enabling or empowering the organizational components and those related to life and efforts to improve the welfare of the community. the impact is if it is not functioned or not empowered, it will be redundant, useless, vacuum, and then dissolve by it self.\par
Functioning or empowering community organizations through guidance to components of Volume XX Issue XI Version I 31 ( H ) community organizations and those related to community life and welfare, by doing so the community organizations can be functioned optimally, sustainably and continously. The detailed empowering carried out as follows: 
\section[{i. Human building, empowering the bargaining value of human resources}]{i. Human building, empowering the bargaining value of human resources}\par
The members of forest management community need developing to improve their knowledge, experience, skills, attitude suited to the validity norms then will be functioned and empowered maximally according to their competency. It will make the community management efficiency, efectivity, economically and usefully. 
\section[{ii. Institutional empowerment}]{ii. Institutional empowerment}\par
Community organization Forest management is one of the institutions required to develop an institutional structure which is clearly and easily understood by all parties (both members and non-members of the community). especially in terms of the regeneration of the board members of the Community. Institutional empowerment, among others, through strengthening community resources, directly community members become subjects and drivers of the progress of community organizations. 
\section[{iii. Asset empowerment or owned resources}]{iii. Asset empowerment or owned resources}\par
Asset Development is a resource that controlled or owned by an organization to generate economic value or income at present or in the future. The resources above can also take variety forms, starting from cash money, production machines until the buildings and alright or objects, both tangible and intangible, whether movable or immovable things.. The entire of them include assets which are called assets or assets of an agency, organization, business entity or individual or thing or anything that has economic value, commercial value or exchange value owned by community organizations. iv. Environment empowering, empowering community of environment management.\par
The duty of people or community organization in keeping environment balancing need to understand about the cleaning environment and healthy, useful and dignified. Forest Management is environment management. It influences to the our life. We live in good environment both physical and social, we will live in healthy and own the good of point view and large as well. So, in maintaining a good environment need empowerment. 
\section[{v. Relationship empowerment, Relationship empowerment to the stakeholder}]{v. Relationship empowerment, Relationship empowerment to the stakeholder}\par
In order to build a good relationship, it is necessary to establish a relationship, namely the continuity of interaction between two or more people which facilitates the process of recognizing one another.\par
Relationships can be differed into relationships between community members and the social environment. In the structure of aspects of life, the relationship is broadly divided into two, namely a positive positive relationship occurs when the two interacting parties feel mutually benefiting from each other and there is a harmonious reciprocity. Meanwhile, a negative relationship occurs when one party feels very benefited and the other party feels disadvantaged. In this case, there is no mutual harmony between the interacting parties.\par
vi. Business empowerment, empowerment in the business Business development must be done so that all businesses in all program activities of community organizations achieve the expected successful together. In any aspect, human factor has the most basis and plays a very important role in increasing the capacity and providing motivation for the efforts of community organizations. It is expected to meet the livelihood needs of members of community organizations, they must develop their business as part of increasing community income to fulfill their daily needs. 
\section[{d) Strategy to upgrade the of community organizations}]{d) Strategy to upgrade the of community organizations}\par
Based on the results of the research, the method of improving forest management community organizations is an effort to improve, promote, and or develop the quality and quantity of the community organization activity programs carried out, through the planning, monitoring, evaluation, assessment, solving or solving problems and implementing its development phases. so that community organizations can develop, compete and compete with other communities. The strategy to improve community organization is based on research results, namely through the development of a program of community organization activities carried out, in general through monitoring evaluation and assessment. This is very principle and fundamental in increasing community organization effectively and efficiently through six phases. The detailed development phases are as follows: 
\section[{i. Planning development phase}]{i. Planning development phase}\par
Making a direction as a goal or direction must be achieved appropriate to the target, community organizations aim to create strategies to achieve shared goals, and develop an organizational activity plan. So there must be planning, which is the process of determining what community organizations should do, how best to do. Establish a plan and select several activities according to existing resources and decide the most appropriate steps, then what to do, when, how and by who will handle it. 
\section[{ii. Monitoring phase}]{ii. Monitoring phase}\par
Monitoring what has been done, by the planned activities programs of community organizations that will be improved through the development process, one of them is through monitoring as monitoring which can be explained as awareness of what you want to know, more in-depth monitoring is carried out so that it can measure through the time of movement to destination. Monitoring provide information about the status and the likelihood that the completed measurements and evaluations are repeated over time. Monitoring provide basic data to answer problems, monitoring is also a routine process of collecting data and measuring progress on program objectives. Or monitor change, which focuses on processes and outputs. 
\section[{iii. Evaluation phase}]{iii. Evaluation phase}\par
Evaluation is comparing what accomplished to what the targete or plan. Meanwhile, the evaluation held at the end of the evaluation phase is very important to declare a community organization successful or not. evaluation is carried out by the competent and responsible department; evaluation also should be carried out by parts outside the community who have the competence according to their fields; Activities carried out in connection with the process of determining the value of something being assessed; 
\section[{iv. Assessment phase}]{iv. Assessment phase}\par
Assessment is as a control tool for community organizations. the process of activities to determine the quality or quality of something that is assessed based on the specified standard includes the preparation stage, the implementation stage of the assessment, and then the processing stage of the assessment results. The assessment is always carried out on going the process so its implementation is continuously, must use various assessment tools and comprehensive, the results of the assessment should also be used to make the program perfect to improve the weaknesses of the community organization program process and to provide guidance to community members who need it; v. Problem solving phase Making decisions based on the findings in the assessment phase determine what concrete improvements are required and the costs required. The results of the assessment which are deliberated with all members of the forest management community organization. for the improvement of community organization. Deliberation or community organization meetings are prioritized to find solutions to any problems faced; A planned process that needs to be carried out in order to obtain a certain solution to a problem, or as an effort to find a way out of a difficulty. 
\section[{vi. Development of implementation phase}]{vi. Development of implementation phase}\par
The process of implementing the development of activities carried out by community organizations based on the vision and mission to achieve the goals of community organizations; The implementation phase of the development of assessment results from problem solving carried out by community organizations. This phase is carried out in accordance with a previously prepared plan which contains: what activities, where is the location, the time of implementation, whose implementation and so on; this phase is carried out when the activity will begin by looking at the planning that has been prepared in advance and the implementation phase is used to develop community organizations.\par
V. 
\section[{Closing a) Conclusions}]{Closing a) Conclusions}\par
Based on the research results, it concluded that the "Strategy to Build a Community Forest Management Organization" around the Sawala Kadipaten Majalengka West Java Education and Training Forest Area, the most appropriate method is using qualitative descriptive, indepth analysis through case studies, obtaining an overview of in-depth phenomena from the research object, The results of this study obtained two types of data, namely primary data from the field and secondary data from conducting literature studies, both data are interrelated. The conclusions of the research results are as follows: 
\section[{i. The Community Organizations around the Training Forest}]{i. The Community Organizations around the Training Forest}\par
The members of community organizations are those who interest to the organization, the mechanism to build community organizations is through collaboration between BDLHK Kadipaten and the community. The existing community organization is called the Forest Farmers Group (KTH), namely: and follow-up. so that to be more complete, effective and efficient, there are ten stages, as in points 8, 9 and 10 below: 1. Inviniting and holding the meeting among the people interesting to be the member of the community of organization. 2. Depeloping the organization communityand the structure Management. 
\section[{Discussing the activity programs of community iii. Strategy to maintain the existence of community Organization}]{Discussing the activity programs of community iii. Strategy to maintain the existence of community Organization}\par
The existing community organization needs to maintain its existence, this is very important and fundamental by empowering it so the community organizations do not stay in place and it is functioned and empowered. This empowerment is through fostering components or elements of community organizations and those related to the life and welfare of the community to become more functional or empowered to the maximum, sustainable and continuously. The community organization coaching is carried out as follows: 1. Human empowerment, 2. Institutional empowerment, 3. Asset empowerment, 4. Enviroment empowerment 5. Relationship empowerment. 6. Business empowerment. 
\section[{iv. Strategy to Improve the Community Organization}]{iv. Strategy to Improve the Community Organization}\par
Improving community organizations is efforts to improve, and advance, (develop) the quality and quantity of the community organization program activities carried out, this is very prinsipal and fundamental through six phases, so that the community can develop and compete with other community organizations and / or other fields, are expected to be able to follow and adapt to the times. The development of program activities for community organizations will increase effectively and efficiently through the following six phases:  \hyperref[b3]{4}. It is necessary to maintain the existence of community organizations so that they are sustainable and sustainable with empowerment through fostering components of community organizations and those related to the welfare of members of community organizations and society. 5. It is necessary to improve community organizations so that they do not walk in place, can follow and adapt to the times. 6. It is necessary to be efforts to increase and improve the quality and quantity of existing forest management community organizations. 7. Helping formulate and develop program of community organization activities, empower components and elements of community organizations. 8. Seeking stimulant funds from the government and investors, so that the community is motivated to spend independent and more productive funds so that community organizations are effective, efficient and efficient. 9.\par
It is necessary to have additional government apparatus for certain functional positions which are required proportionally according to the area of the forest area.\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}Figure 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}Figure 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png}
\caption{\label{fig_3}Figure 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}}
1. Planning development phase.\\
2. Monitoring phase.\\
3. Evaluation phase.\\
4. Assessment phase.\\
5. Problem solving phase.\\
6. Implementation development phase.\\
b) Sugestions\\
Based on the research results proposed\\
academic and practical suggestions as follows:\\
i.\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{Year 2020 © 2020 Global Journals Strategy for Building the Organization of the Forest Management Communities around the Education and Training Area Sawala -Kadipaten-Majalengka, West Java} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\end{document}
