@incollection{,
	
					
					
					8A5107A15B50F445260DA26FD05180EE
				,
	author={{Mohamed HajiIngiriis} and {University of Oxford}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}},
	journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1621323
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			Abdi
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Dr Hawa with Sarah J. Robbins}}
		
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@book{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Keeping Hope Alive: How One Somali Woman Changed 90,000 Lives}}
		
			,
	publisher={Virago}
			,
	address={London}
		
	

}

@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Italian Connection: How Rome Helped Ruin Somalia}}
		,
	author={{
			WolfgangAchtner
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Washington Post}}
		
			,
	year={1993. January 24}
		
	

}

@incollection{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{Militarism, Warlordism or Democracy}}
		,
	author={{
			HusseinMAdam
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Review of African Political Economy}}
		
			19
			54
			
			,
	year={1992}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Somalia: An Illusory Political Nation-State}}
		,
	author={{
			AminaHAdan
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{South Asia Bulletin}}
		
			14
			1
			
			,
	year={1994}
		
	

}

@book{b5,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			MMAfrah
		}}
		,
	title={{The Somali Tragedy. Mombasa: Mohamed Printers}}
				
			,
	year={1994}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Three Blind Men and the Elephant: In Search of a Holistic View of Somalia}}
		,
	author={{
			AliAhmed
		} and {
			Jimale
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Variations on the Theme of Somaliness}}
				,
	editor={
			SuzanneMuddle
			Lilius
		}
		Turku, Finland
		
			,
	year={2001}
			
		
		
			Åbo Akademi University
		
	

}

@book{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Invention of Somalia}}
		,
	author={{
			AliAhmed
		} and {
			NJLawrenceville
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={1995a}
			,
	publisher={The Red Sea Press}
		
	

}

@book{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Invention of Somalia}}
		,
	author={{
			AliAhmed
		} and {
			NJLawrenceville
		}}
		
		,
	editor={Ali Jimale Ahmed}
		
			,
	year={1995b}
			,
	publisher={The Red Sea Press}
			,
	address={Ix-xiv}
		
	
	,
	note={Preface}

}

@book{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Daybreak is Near: Literature, Clans, and the Nation-State in Somalia}}
		,
	author={{
			AliAhmed
		} and {
			Jimale
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={1996}
			,
	publisher={Red Sea Press}
			,
	address={Lawrenceville}
		
	

}

@book{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Halgan iyo Hagardaamo: Taariikh Nololeed (Struggle and Conspiracy: A Memoir)}}
		,
	author={{
			AbdullahiAhmed
		} and {
			Yusuf
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2012}
			,
	publisher={Scansom}
			,
	address={Stockholm}
		
	

}

@book{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Saa Waxay Tiri: Maansadii iyo Waayihii Xaawa Jibriil}}
		,
	author={{
			FadumaAlim
		} and {
			Ahmed
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2008}
			,
	publisher={Jumblies Press}
			,
	address={Toronto}
		
	

}

@book{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Sababihii Burburka Soomaaliya: Yaa Iska Leh Eedda Qaranjabka?}}
		,
	author={{
			CabdulqaadirAroma
		}}
		
			,
	year={2005a}
			,
	publisher={Percetakan Zafar}
			,
	address={Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}
		
	
	,
	note={2 nd edition}

}

@book{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{Tiirka Colaadda: Maxay ka Curteen Colaadaha Sokeeye?}}
		,
	author={{
			CabdulqaadirAroma
		}}
		
			,
	year={2005b}
			,
	publisher={Percetakan Zafar}
			,
	address={Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}
		
	
	,
	note={2 nd edition}

}

@book{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Unraveling Somalia: Race, Class, and the Legacy of Slavery}}
		,
	author={{
			CatherineBesteman
		}}
		
			,
	year={1999}
			,
	publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}
			,
	address={Philadelphia}
		
	

}

@book{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Historian's Craft, trans}}
		,
	author={{
			MarcBloch
		}}
		,
	editor={Peter Burke. Manchester}
		
			,
	year={1992}
			,
	publisher={Manchester University Press}
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Civil War in Somalia: Its Genesis and Dynamics}}
		,
	author={{
			MariaBongartz
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Nordiska Afrikainstitutet}}
				Uppsala
		
			,
	year={1991}
		
	

}

@book{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{Society, Security, Sovereignty and the State: Somalia, From Statelessness to Statelessness}}
		,
	author={{
			MariaHBrons
		}}
		
			,
	year={2001}
			,
	publisher={International Books}
			,
	address={Utrecht}
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Causes and Regional Dimensions of Internal Conflict}}
		,
	author={{
			MichaelEBrown
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{The International Dimensions of Internal Conflict}}
				,
	editor={
			MichaelEBrown
		}
		Cambridge, MA
		
			,
	publisher={MIT Press}
			,
	year={1996}
			
		
	

}

@book{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Politics of Cain: One Hundred Years of Crises in Somali Politics and Society}}
		,
	author={{
			HusseinABulhan
		}}
		
			,
	year={2008}
			,
	publisher={Tayosan International Publishing}
			,
	address={Bethesda, Maryland}
		
	

}

@book{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			AxmedCaddow
		} and {
			Jilao
		}}
		
		,
	editor={Somalia: Gelbiskii Geerida. N.P.: N.P}
		
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@book{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Struggle for Land in Southern Somalia: The War Behind the War}}
		,
	author={{
			LeeVCassanelli
		}}
		,
	editor={Catherine Besteman and Lee V. Cassanelli}
		
			,
	year={1996}
			,
	publisher={Westview Press}
			
			,
	address={Boulder, Colo}
		
	
	,
	note={Explaining the Somali Crisis}

}

@book{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Qaranjabkii Soomaaliya}}
		,
	author={{
			AwCiise
		} and {
			Jaamac Cumar
		}}
		
		,
	editor={N.P}
		
			,
	year={1995}
			,
	address={Mombasa, Kenya}
		
	

}

@book{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			DanielCompagnon
		}}
		
			,
	year={1995}
		
	

}

@book{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Université Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Vols. I and II. 24. (Deyr), Daahir Cali Cumar}}
		,
	editor={Ressources Politiques, Régulation Autoritaire et Domination Personnelle en Somalie:Le Régime Siyyad Barre}
		
			,
	year={1969-1991. 1997}
			,
	publisher={Mam & Bros}
			,
	address={Nairobi, Kenya}
		
	
	,
	note={Qaran Dumay iyo Qoon Talo-Waayey}

}

@book{b25,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			CabdullahiDool
		}}
		,
	title={{Soomaaliya: Maxay Kala Tirsaneysaa Maryooley? London: Horn Heritage}}
				
			,
	year={1995}
		
	

}

@book{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{From Barre to Aideed: Somalia: The Agony of a Nation}}
		,
	author={{
			HusseinAliDualeh
		}}
		
			,
	year={1994}
			,
	publisher={Stellagraphics}
			,
	address={Nairobi}
		
	

}

@book{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{Somali General's Secret Memo Details Crackdown against Northern Guerrilla. Defense and Foreign Affairs Daily}}
		,
	author={{
			MichaelDunn
		} and {
			Collins
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={1987. April}
			24
			
		
	

}

@book{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{Clausewitz and African Wars: Politics and Strategy in Liberia and Somalia}}
		,
	author={{
			IsabelleDuyvesteyn
		}}
		
			,
	year={2005}
			,
	address={London: Frank Cass}
		
	

}

@incollection{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{How Much War Will We See? Explaining the Prevalence of Civil War}}
		,
	author={{
			IbrahimElbadawi
		} and {
			NicholasSambanis
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Conflict Resolution}}
		
			46
			2
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@book{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{Understanding the Somalia Conflagration: Identity, Political Islam and Peacebuilding}}
		,
	author={{
			AfyareElmi
		} and {
			Abdi
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2010}
			,
	publisher={Pluto Press}
			,
	address={London}
		
	

}

@book{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{Xeebtii Geerida}}
		,
	author={{
			CabdulqaadirFaarax
		} and {
			Shire
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={1990}
			,
	publisher={Afamia Graphics}
			,
	address={London}
		
	

}

@book{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			ChristinaFarah
		} and {
			Ali
		}}
		
		,
	editor={Madre Piccola. Rome: H. Frassinelli}
		
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@book{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{Yesterday, Tomorrow: Voices from the Somali Diaspora}}
		,
	author={{
			NuruddinFarah
		}}
		
			,
	year={2000}
			,
	publisher={Cassell}
			,
	address={New York}
		
	

}

@incollection{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{People of Half-Way House}}
		,
	author={{
			NuruddinFarah
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{London Review of Books}}
		
			18
			6
			,
	year={1996. 21 March}
		
	

}

@book{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse of Language}}
		,
	author={{
			MichelFoucault
		}}
		,
	editor={A. M. Sheridan Smith}
		
			,
	year={1972}
			,
	publisher={Pantheon}
			,
	address={New York}
		
	

}

@book{b36,
	
	
		,
	title={{Hostages: The People Who Kidnapped Themselves}}
		,
	author={{
			MariamGassem
		} and {
			Arif
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={1994}
			,
	publisher={Central Graphics Services}
			,
	address={Nairobi}
		
	

}

@incollection{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			Ghalib
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Jama Mohamed}}
		,
	editor={Somali Phoenix. N.P.: N.P}
		
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@book{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Cost of Dictatorship: The Somali Experience}}
		,
	author={{
			JamaGhalib
		} and {
			Mohamed
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={1995}
			,
	publisher={Lillian Barber Press}
			,
	address={New York}
		
	

}

@incollection{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{Out of Mogadishu: A Memoir of the Somali Civil War in 1991}}
		,
	author={{
			YusufHaid
		} and {
			Mohamed
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{N.P}}
		
			,
	year={2016}
			,
	publisher={Qararo-Laasalay}
		
	

}

@book{b40,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Zanzibar Chest: A Story of Life, Love, and Death in Foreign Lands}}
		,
	author={{
			AidanHartley
		}}
		
			,
	year={2003}
			,
	publisher={HarperCollins}
			,
	address={London}
		
	

}

@book{b41,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Fallen State: Dissonance, Dictatorship and Death in Somalia}}
		,
	author={{
			AliceHashim
		} and {
			Bettis
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={1997}
		
	

}

@book{b42,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			MDLanham
		}}
		
			,
	publisher={University Press of America}
		
	

}

@book{b43,
	
	
		,
	title={{Taariikhda Soomaaliyeed iyo Tartanka Qabiilka}}
		,
	author={{
			AbdisalamHassan
		} and {
			Sheikh
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2004}
			,
	publisher={Lino}
			,
	address={Nairobi}
		
	

}

@incollection{b44,
	
	
		,
	title={{Both Sides Claim Control in Somalia: Some Experts Fear Period of Anarchy}}
		,
	author={{
			NeilHenry
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Washington Post}}
		
			,
	year={1991. January 3}
		
	
	,
	note={Thursday}

}

@incollection{b45,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Politicisation of Diasporas from the Horn of Africa: From Refugees to Transitional Aid Workers}}
		,
	author={{
			CHorst
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{African Studies}}
		
			72
			2
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b46,
	
	
		,
	title={{Somalia: No Mercy in Mogadishu -The Human Cost of the Conflict & and the Struggle for Relief}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Human Right Watch}}
		
			,
	year={1992. 26 March}
		
	

}

@incollection{b47,
	
	
		,
	title={{Somalia and Rwanda: The Psychology and Philosophy of the African Conflicts}}
		,
	author={{
			MohamedIngiriis
		} and {
			Haji
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Conflict Studies Quarterly}}
		
			4
			
			,
	year={2016}
		
	

}

@incollection{b48,
	
	
		,
	title={{Sisters; was this what we struggled for?': The Gendered Rivalry in Power and Politics}}
		,
	author={{
			MohamedIngiriis
		} and {
			Haji
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of International Women's Studies}}
		
			16
			2
			
			,
	year={2015}
		
	

}

@book{b49,
	
	
		,
	title={{Motherhood and Memory: Suffering, Survival and Sustainability in Somali Clan Wars}}
		,
	author={{
			MohamedIngiriis
		} and {
			Haji
		}}
		
		,
	editor={Dana Cooper Claire Phelan}
		
			,
	year={2014a}
			,
	publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}
			
			,
	address={New York}
		
	
	,
	note={Mothers and War: An International Perspective}

}

@incollection{b50,
	
	
		,
	title={{Review Essay Milk and Peace, Drought and War, Somali Culture, Society and Politics}}
		,
	author={{
			MohamedHajiIngiriis
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Essays in Honour of I. M. Lewis}}
				,
	editor={
			MarkusVHoehne
			VirginiaLuling
		}
		London
		
			,
	publisher={Hurst Co}
			,
	year={2014b. 2010}
			13
			
		
	
	,
	note={African and Asian Studies}

}

@incollection{b51,
	
	
		,
	title={{With Markus H. Hoehne, 2013. The Impact of Civil War and State Collapse on the Roles of Somali Women: A Blessing in Disguise}}
		,
	author={{
			MohamedHajiIngiriis
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Eastern African Studies}}
		
			7
			2
			
			,
	year={2013a}
		
	

}

@incollection{b52,
	
	
		,
	title={{Review Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991}}
		,
	author={{
			MohamedIngiriis
		} and {
			Haji
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Africa Today}}
		
			60
			2
			
			,
	year={2013b. 2013}
			,
	publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}
		
	

}

@incollection{b53,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Making of the Manifesto: Somalia's Last Chance for State Survival}}
		,
	author={{
			MohamedIngiriis
		} and {
			Haji
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Northeast African}}
		
			12
			2
			
			,
	year={2012a}
		
	

}

@incollection{b54,
	
	
		,
	title={{Redefining Somaliness through the Bantu-Jareer Community: The Absent Somalis in Somali Social and Political Landscape}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Politics and Minorities in Africa. Milan: Centro di Studi Africani in Sardegna}}
				,
	editor={
			MarisaFois
			AlesandroPess
		}
		
			,
	year={2012b}
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b55,
	
	
		,
	title={{The State and Society in Somalia: An Historical Perspective}}
		,
	author={{
			MohamedIngiriis
		} and {
			Haji
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Anglo-Somali Society}}
		
			52
			
			,
	year={2012c}
		
	

}

@book{b56,
	
	
		,
	title={{Governance: The Scourge and Hope of Somalia}}
		,
	author={{
			IsmailIsmail
		} and {
			Ali
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2010}
			,
	address={Victoria, B.C.; Trafford}
		
	

}

@book{b57,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy}}
		,
	author={{
			AbdisalamIssa-Salwe
		}}
		
			,
	year={1996}
			,
	publisher={Haan}
			,
	address={London}
		
	

}

@book{b58,
	
	
		,
	title={{Clan Cleansing: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991}}
		,
	author={{
			LidwienKapteijns
		}}
		
			,
	year={2013}
			,
	publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}
			,
	address={Philadelphia}
		
	

}

@incollection{b59,
	
	
		,
	title={{Making Memories of Mogadishu in Somali Poetry about the Civil War}}
		,
	author={{
			LidwienKapteijns
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Mediations of Violence in Africa: Fashioning New Futures from Contested Pasts}}
				,
	editor={
			LidwienKapteijns
			AnnemiekRichters
		}
		Leiden
		
			,
	publisher={Brill}
			,
	year={2010}
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b60,
	
	
		,
	title={{Review of Historical Dictionary of Somalia}}
		,
	author={{
			LidwienKapteijns
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Mohamed Haji Mukhtar. Lamham}}
		
			51
			3
			
			,
	year={2005}
			,
	publisher={MD: Scarecrow Press}
		
	
	,
	note={Africa Today}

}

@incollection{b61,
	
	
		,
	title={{State and Clan in Somalia. (Review of Society, Security, Sovereignty and the State. Somalia: From Statelessness to Statelessness?by Maria H. Brons}}
		,
	author={{
			LidwienKapteijns
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{African Studies Review}}
		
			45
			3
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b62,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Disintegration of Somalia: A Historiographical Essay}}
		,
	author={{
			LidwienKapteijns
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies}}
		
			1
			
			,
	year={2001a}
		
	

}

@book{b63,
	
	
		,
	title={{Review of Culture and Custom of Somalia}}
		,
	author={{
			LidwienKapteijns
		}}
		
			,
	year={2001b}
		
	
	,
	note={Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi}

}

@incollection{b64,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			CnnWestport
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of African Historical Studies}}
		
			34
			3
			
			,
	year={2001}
			,
	publisher={Greenwood Press}
		
	

}

@incollection{b65,
	
	
		,
	title={{With Mursal Farah, Review of A Pastoral Democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the northern Somali of the Horn of Africa}}
		,
	author={{
			LidwienKapteijns
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Africa}}
		
			71
			4
			
			,
	year={2001c. 1999}
		
	
	,
	note={Oxford: James Currey, with the International African Institute}

}

@incollection{b66,
	
	
		,
	title={{With Mursal Farah Afdub. A Poem by Sayyid Muhammad 'Abdallah Hassan. Warsidaha Ururka Ingiriiska iyo Space is needed here Soomaalida}}
		,
	author={{
			LidwienKapteijns
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of the Anglo-Somali Society)}}
		
			30
			
			,
	year={2001d}
		
	

}

@incollection{b67,
	
	
		,
	title={{Parting Words of Wisdom' (Dardaaran): A Poem by Sayyid Muhammad Abd Allah Hasan of Somalia}}
		,
	author={{
			LidwienKapteijns
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Sudanic Africa}}
		
			11
			
			,
	year={2000}
		
	
	,
	note={With Mursal Farah Afdub and Hassan Farah Warfa}

}

@incollection{b68,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Defeat of the Infidels': A Poem by Sayyid Muhammad Abd Allah Hasan of Somalia}}
		,
	author={{
			LidwienKapteijns
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Sudanic Africa}}
		
			10
			
			,
	year={1999}
		
	
	,
	note={With Mursal Farah Afdub}

}

@incollection{b69,
	
	
		,
	title={{Gender Relations and the Transformation of the Northern Somali Pastoral Tradition}}
		,
	author={{
			LidwienKapteijns
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of African Historical Studies}}
		
			28
			2
			
			,
	year={1995a}
		
	

}

@book{b70,
	
	
		,
	title={{A Pioneering Work on Somali Drama: Maxamed Daahir Afrax's Fan-Masraxeedka Soomaalida}}
		,
	author={{
			LidwienKapteijns
		}}
		
			,
	year={1995b}
		
	
	,
	note={Review Article}

}

@incollection{b71,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Northeast African Studies}}
		
			12
			3
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b72,
	
	
		,
	title={{Somali Studies (Review of Proceedings of the First International Congress of Somali Studies by Hussein M. Adam and Charles Geshekter)}}
		,
	author={{
			LidwienKapteijns
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of African History}}
		
			35
			3
			
			,
	year={1994}
		
	

}

@book{b73,
	
	
		,
	title={{Conflict & Collision in Sierra Leone}}
		,
	author={{
			DavidKeen
		}}
		
			,
	year={2005}
			,
	publisher={James Currey}
			,
	address={Oxford}
		
	

}

@book{b74,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			SiciidKeenadiid
		} and {
			Cismaan
		}}
		
		,
	title={{Xusuusqor: Dagaallada Sokeeye (Dubai: East African Information and Research Center}}
				
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@book{b75,
	
	
		,
	title={{Telephone interview by author}}
		,
	author={{
			AhmedKulmiye
		} and {
			Salaad
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2014. 2 June}
		
	

}

@incollection{b76,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Genesis of the Somali Civil War: A New Perspective}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Northeast African}}
		,
	editor={Kusow, Abdi Mohamed.}
		
			1
			1
			
			,
	year={1994}
		
	

}

@book{b77,
	
	
		,
	title={{Burundi: Ethnocide as Discourse and Practice}}
		,
	author={{
			RenéLemarchand
		}}
		
			,
	year={1994}
			,
	publisher={Woodrow Wilson Center Press}
			,
	address={Washington, DC}
		
	

}

@book{b78,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Savage Mind}}
		,
	author={{
			ClaudeLévi-Strauss
		}}
		
			,
	year={1966}
		
		
			University of Chicago
		
	

}

@incollection{b79,
	
	
		,
	title={{Anthropology and Colonialism}}
		,
	author={{
			DianeLewis
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Current Anthropology}}
		
			14
			5
			
			,
	year={1973}
		
	

}

@incollection{b80,
	
	
		,
	title={{Visible and Invisible Differences: The Somali Paradox}}
		,
	author={{
			IMLewis
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Africa: Journal of the International African Institute}}
		
			74
			4
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@book{b81,
	
	
		,
	title={{A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa}}
		,
	author={{
			IMLewis
		}}
		
			,
	year={1961}
			,
	publisher={Oxford University Press}
			,
	address={London}
		
	

}

@incollection{b82,
	
	
		,
	title={{Come Back Somalia? Questioning a Collapsed State}}
		,
	author={{
			VirginiaLuling
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Third World Quarterly}}
		
			18
			2
			
			,
	year={1997}
		
	

}

@book{b83,
	
	
		,
	title={{Purity and Exile: Violence, Memory, and National Cosmology among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania}}
		,
	author={{
			LiisaHMalkki
		}}
		
			,
	year={1995}
			,
	publisher={University of Chicago Press}
			,
	address={Chicago}
		
	

}

@book{b84,
	
	
		,
	title={{When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda}}
		,
	author={{
			MahmoodMamdani
		}}
		
			,
	year={2001}
			,
	publisher={Princeton University Press}
			,
	address={Princeton, N.J.}
		
	

}

@incollection{b85,
	
	
		,
	title={{Islamic Political Dynamics in the Somali Civil War}}
		,
	author={{
			RolandMarchal
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Islam in Africa South of the Sahara: Essays in Gender Relations and Political Reform}}
				,
	editor={
			PadeBadru
			&Brigid
			MSackey
		}
		
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@book{b86,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			MDLanham
		}}
		
			,
	publisher={Scarecrow Press}
			
		
	

}

@book{b87,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Lost Continent: A Nation Waits For Famine and Revenge, The Independent}}
		,
	author={{
			ChrisMcgreal
		}}
		
			,
	year={1991. 7 April}
		
	

}

@incollection{b88,
	
	
		,
	title={{Review of Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991 by Lidwien Kapteijns}}
		,
	author={{
			KennethMenkhaus
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Journal of Modern African Studies}}
		
			52
			4
			
			,
	year={2014a}
		
	

}

@incollection{b89,
	
	
		,
	title={{Calm between the storms: Patterns of political violence in Somalia, 1950-1980}}
		,
	author={{
			KenMenkhaus
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Eastern African Studies}}
		
			8
			4
			
			,
	year={2014b}
		
	

}

@incollection{b90,
	
	
		,
	title={{Governance without Government in Somalia: Spoils, State Building, and the Politics of Coping}}
		,
	author={{
			KenMenkhaus
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Security}}
		
			31
			3
			
			,
	year={2006/07}
		
	

}

@book{b91,
	
	
		,
	title={{Land Alienation and the Imposition of State Farms in the Lower Jubba Valley}}
		,
	author={{
			KennethMenkhaus
		} and {
			KathrynCraven
		}}
		
		,
	editor={Catherine Besteman and Lee V. Cassanelli}
		
			,
	year={1996}
			,
	publisher={Westview Press}
			
			,
	address={Boulder, Colo}
		
	
	,
	note={The Struggle for Land in Southern Somalia: The War Behind the War}

}

@book{b92,
	
	
		,
	title={{Apocalypse: Poémes Somalis}}
		,
	author={{
			Mohamed-AbdiMohamed
		}}
		,
	editor={Mohamed Mohamed-Abdi. Montelimar: Voix d'Encre}
		
			,
	year={1994}
		
	

}

@book{b93,
	
	
		,
	title={{Interview}}
		,
	author={{
			YoonisNuur
		} and {
			Ali
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2014. 27 May 2014}
			,
	address={London}
		
	

}

@book{b94,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Road to Zero: Somalia's Self-Destruction}}
		,
	author={{
			MohamedOmar
		} and {
			Osman
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={1992}
			,
	publisher={Haan}
			,
	address={London}
		
	

}

@book{b95,
	
	
		,
	title={{In the Name of Our Fathers: A Somali Novel}}
		,
	author={{
			AbdirizakYOsman
		}}
		
			,
	year={1996}
			,
	address={London, Haan}
		
	

}

@book{b96,
	
	
		,
	title={{Fighting Subsides in Somalia's Capital, The New York Times, Tuesday}}
		,
	author={{
			JanePerlez
		}}
		
			,
	year={1991a. January 1}
		
	

}

@book{b97,
	
	
		,
	title={{Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe}}
		,
	author={{
			JanePerlez
		}}
		
			,
	year={1991b. 2009}
			,
	publisher={Hurst}
			,
	address={London}
		
	
	,
	note={Somalia, Abandoned to Its Own Civil War with Others' Weapons, The New York 94}

}

@book{b98,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide}}
		,
	author={{
			GérardPrunier
		}}
		
			,
	year={1995}
			,
	publisher={Hurst}
			,
	address={London}
		
	

}

@incollection{b99,
	
	
		,
	title={{Ahmed Haile: A Friend Physically Wounded, but Spiritually Resilient. Horn of Africa}}
		,
	author={{
			Samatar
		} and {
			Said
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{3&}}
		
			4
			1&2
			
			,
	year={1990/1991}
		
	

}

@book{b100,
	
	
		,
	title={{Preface. In Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, translated by Contance Farrington}}
		,
	author={{
			Jean-PaulSartre
		}}
		
			,
	year={1961}
			,
	publisher={Grove Press}
			
			,
	address={New York}
		
	

}

@incollection{b101,
	
	
		,
	title={{In Somalia Only the Children Can Be Trusted}}
		,
	author={{
			ToddShields
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Independent}}
		
			,
	year={1991. February 3}
		
	

}

@book{b102,
	
	
		,
	title={{Networks of Dissolution: Somalia Undone}}
		,
	author={{
			AnnaSimons
		}}
		
			,
	year={1995}
			,
	publisher={Westview Press}
			,
	address={Boulder, Colo}
		
	

}

@incollection{b103,
	
	
		,
	title={{Social Order without the State: The Case of Somalia. Yale Centre for International and Area Studies}}
		,
	author={{
			JasonPSorens
		} and {
			LeonardWantchekon
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Council on African Studies}}
		
			,
	year={2000}
		
	

}

@incollection{b104,
	
	
		,
	title={{A Colonial State and an African Petty Bourgeoisie: Prostitution, Property, and Class Struggle in Nairobi, 1936-1940}}
		,
	author={{
			LWhite
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Struggle for the City: Migrant Labor, Capital, and the State in Africa}}
				,
	editor={
			FCooper
		}
		Beverley Hills, Calif
		
			,
	publisher={Sage}
			,
	year={1983}
			
		
	

}

@book{b105,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			FaisalXasan
		} and {
			Axmed
		}}
		
		,
	editor={Maandeeq. Scarborough, Ont.: Markham}
		
			,
	year={2000}
		
	

}