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\title{Measuring the Job Satisfaction of Digital Library Professionals Working in the Arts College Libraries in Coimbatore City}
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             \author[1]{MAHESH  KUMAR}

             \affil[1]{  Karpagam University}

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\date{\small \em Received: 15 December 2012 Accepted: 2 January 2013 Published: 15 January 2013}

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\begin{abstract}
        


Digital devices are presently at the centre of development in all of fields. Libraries are currently undergoing profound changes due to digitization. Job satisfaction is an important area to determine the view of the library professionals towards their job in the library. The study has been under taken to measure the level of job satisfaction of digital library professionals in Coimbatore city and how the job facets affect on job satisfaction of library professionals do. The study shows independence, variety of work, social status of the job, supervision-human relation supervision technical, moral values, authority, ability utilization, library policies and practices, scope of advancement, relation with co workers, recognition of job done and achievement has significant effect on job satisfaction. Furthermore it noticed respondents are less satisfied at their job. Finally, the significant recommendations have been put forth to improve the level of job satisfaction of digital library professionals in Coimbatore city.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{job satisfaction, digital library, digital environment, occupational stress, library professionals.}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
he development of digital library has insightful effect not only on the client but also on professionals and also on the human resource management of the library. The digital library brings about changes in the activities of the library in terms of users, in job and in staffing as well. It is widely accepted that human factors is one of the key component of the digital libraries but relatively a little attention has been paid to the human and organizational factors in the library that directly contributed to the fruitfulness of the digital library. There are also many other issues, which effects its development of library globally.\par
Gender issue gains prominence after poverty and violence, particularly in developing countries. In the age of 21 st century both kind of genders are equally contributing to the overall development. In the library field both of them are managing the information and resources of knowledge with the objector to some serve clients effectively. It is often found there is a big problem of variation in the percentages of existences of job in developing countries.\par
The ratio of digital library in the developing countries, particularly in India is quite low in almost every profession. Lack of job opportunity for library professionals is a big hindrance for the economical and social development of India. In the digital era, the job satisfaction is one of the vital issues which are responsible for the poor employability of library professionals. Statistically, discrimination within the job and different job related factors like; pay promotion, working condition, social status security, recognition etc are major determinant, which decides satisfaction as a whole. In case of their job satisfaction, it is important because the result of the relationship between psychological factors and work outcome of individuals are the most significant aspects of the human life.\par
Job satisfaction is a complex phenomenon that can be variably interpreted. It is the absence of pain, oppressiveness and intolerance and also indeed enjoyment of work. Job satisfaction is one of the most enduring elusive constructs used in the study of industrial relations. Job satisfaction studies are based on emotional response of employees which is related with some socio cultural, organizational and personal factors variables like pay promotion, supervision, benefits, contingent rewards, operating procedures, coworkers, nature of work, working condition, social status etc., II. 
\section[{Literature Review}]{Literature Review}\par
The literature review is not comprehensive, but is rather limited to the areas concerning the job satisfaction of library employees, and the job satisfaction of other types of employees in various organizational settings. I will examine specific important factors affecting job satisfaction in the literature, from which I will complete my research hypothesis. Job satisfaction is an important area to determine the view of the employee towards their job. Patillo Morgan and Morgan (2009), "Librarians of the colleges and other educational institutions should be provided training about the advanced information technology". Libraries are often challenged to offer the kinds of work environments that these new professionals prefer". \hyperref[b1]{Kaur (2006)} said that there is a need for contented and "well satisfied librarians to make libraries more service oriented to their clientele and the main organizational determinants influencing worker's job satisfaction". And establish sensible organizational structures, delegating authority, promoting teamwork practice, developing job descriptions and evaluation systems, "allowing employees' freedom of choice to perform job duties, providing employees with training opportunities and motivations" \hyperref[b2]{(Sheikha \& Younis, 2006)}."Frustrations and age, mental status and years of experience have an impact on occupational role stress". Srivastava \& Srivastava,  {\ref (2004)} said that satisfaction about nature of job can be increased through job environment, training on IT and good monetary gains. Unless librarians secure peer status through adherence to core academic standards, the emerging era of electronic information will see domination in the librarians influence over librarians' affairs. \hyperref[b4]{Burd (2003)} found that librarians in organizations that support participatory management, open communication, opportunities for achievement and relationships built on honesty and trust are more satisfied and committed and less likely to leave. Sornam and \hyperref[b5]{Sudha (2003)} said that library profession is a people oriented profession which cannot escape from the clutches of conflicts. After training librarians should be offered an opportunity to practice what they have learned. Academicians treat librarians in good esteem for their valuable services to them \hyperref[b6]{(Satija, et. al., 2003)}.  {\ref Bii and Wanyama (2001)} examined the impact of automation on the job satisfaction among library staff of Margaret Thatcher Library, MoiUniversity. Joyce K. \hyperref[b8]{Thornton (2000)} said it best when she wrote: "Job satisfaction is critical to the retention and recruitment of librarians." It is hard to pinpoint when the subject of job satisfaction in libraries began to appear in the literature; however after an analysis, it is found that while the literature is considerable in its range and quantity, it is not comprehensive nor of primary concern to library scholars. 
\section[{III.}]{III.} 
\section[{Objectives of the Study}]{Objectives of the Study}\par
The overall objective of the study is to analyse the satisfaction levels of the librarians in the institutions of higher learning in Coimbatore with this as the main objective, the following objectives are framed for the purpose of analysis and interpretation. The study of these sub-objectives will throw light on the level of satisfaction, that is , the main objectives.\par
? To study the performance of Library professionals regarding digital library in arts college in Coimbatore city. ? To measure the level of job satisfaction of arts college digital library professionals. ? To know how the job facets affect the job satisfaction of arts college digital library professionals. ? To recommend a proper guideline to improve the level of job satisfaction of digital library professionals in Coimbatore city.\par
IV. 
\section[{Research Methodology}]{Research Methodology}\par
Convenient sampling method has been used. The following methodology is adapted for the study.\par
Sample Size:-Sampling unit comprised of arts college library professionals. The survey was conducted with 100 respondents from the universe and hence it is the sample size.\par
Nature of Data:-Primary data have been collected from library professionals. The questionnaire is prepared in such a way that it is made in simple and understandable manner to enable the respondents to express their views freely and frankly.\par
Method of Data Collection:-For purpose of the study, respondents are considered and data were collected using questionnaire. As regards library professionals, 100 respondents were selected and for this purpose, starting random sampling method is used.\par
Area of the study:-The study is restricted to Coimbatore city.\par
Statistical Techniques:-Percentage analysis and chi square test were used for analyzing the data. 
\section[{V. Analysis and Interpretation of Data}]{V. Analysis and Interpretation of Data}\par
The results of the analysis of the collected data presented below:\par
Chi square-Test for the association between Gender and Job satisfaction factors among library professionals Source: Primary Data Table  {\ref 3} shows that respondents 66\% of the respondents belongs to above 40 years and 02\% of the respondents belongs to below 20 years  Source: Primary Data Table  {\ref 7} describes monthly income of the respondents, 49\% of the respondents monthly income is Rs.5001-10,000 and 12\% of the respondents monthly income is below Rs.5,000.  
\section[{S-Significant NS-Not Signifigant}]{S-Significant NS-Not Signifigant}\par
Hypothesis: H 0: there is no association between Income and Job satisfaction factors.\par
H 1: There is association between Income and Job satisfaction factors.\par
VI. 
\section[{Findings}]{Findings}\par
The results of comparisons are summarized as follows: No significant association was noticed among the groups of librarians categorized on the basis of the following characteristics: Gender, Age Group, Educational Qualifications, Family's Monthly Income areas. 
\section[{VII.}]{VII.} 
\section[{Suggestions}]{Suggestions}\par
? Based on the findings evolved from the investigation, the investigator made an attempt to put for the following suggestions regarding the job satisfaction of library professionals in Coimbatore city.\par
? To improve the Job satisfaction of the library professionals in Coimbatore city, Tamilnadu state, work can improve the performance as well as reduce the stress among employee. ? The job status as social aspect of library professionals should be defined for the enhancement of job satisfaction. In our society the social status of library processionals and the influence they have in shaping the minds of people is yet to be acknowledged. promotion, recognition and achievement, maintenance of a good relationship with co workers, encourage to using the creativity of the professionals in their job to achieve the satisfaction towards job.\par
? So, the library professionals should be more sound and satisfied at the job to achieve the goals of the digital libraries in Arts college of Coimbatore city.\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.5502415458937198\textwidth}P{0.041062801932367145\textwidth}P{0.17246376811594202\textwidth}P{0.08623188405797101\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep of the Respondents\tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Category Sex}\tabcellsep No of Respondents\tabcellsep Percentage\\
a\tabcellsep Male\tabcellsep 52\tabcellsep 52\%\\
b\tabcellsep Female\tabcellsep 48\tabcellsep 48\%\\
Total\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 100\tabcellsep 100\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Source: Primary Data}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Table 1 describes that respondents 52\% of them are male and 48\% of the respondents are female}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}Table 1 Gender}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.672440537745605\textwidth}P{0.018459152016546018\textwidth}P{0.024612202688728026\textwidth}P{0.05361944157187177\textwidth}P{0.08086866597724922\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Year 2013\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 2 20 2 11\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Volume XIII Issue VIII Version I\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{-Square Value -Age and Other Factors Chi Square Value Table Value 10.6268 28.869 14.5187 21.026 4.5095 12.592 15.592 21.026 3.9037 16.919 14.7103 16.919 19.7697 16.919 H 1: There is association between Age group and Job satisfaction factors. S.No Other Factors 1 Lending Services 2 Reference Services 3 Internet Facilities 4 Online Database 5 E-Journal 6 CD-ROM Database 7 CAS S-Significant NS-Not Signifigant Chi square-Test for the association between Educational Qualification and Job satisfaction factors among library NS NS NS NS NS NS S professionals Table 5 Hypothesis: H 0: there is no association between Age group and Job satisfaction factors. S/NS}\tabcellsep Global Journal of Human Social Science ( )\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{Educational Qualification of the Respondents}\tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Category Educational Qualification}\tabcellsep No of Respondents\tabcellsep Percentage\\
a\tabcellsep BLISc\tabcellsep 34\tabcellsep 34\%\\
b\tabcellsep MLISc\tabcellsep 30\tabcellsep 30\%\\
c\tabcellsep MPhil\tabcellsep 22\tabcellsep 22\%\\
d\tabcellsep PhD\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 11\%\\
Total\tabcellsep 100\tabcellsep 100\tabcellsep 100\\
Source: Primary Data\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep © 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)\end{longtable} \par
  {\small\itshape [Note: g]} 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 4 Chi}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{6} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.22228618421052632\textwidth}P{0.2558388157894737\textwidth}P{0.11463815789473684\textwidth}P{0.022368421052631576\textwidth}P{0.09646381578947369\textwidth}P{0.11463815789473684\textwidth}P{0.023766447368421054\textwidth}}
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S.No\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Other Factors}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Chi Square Value}\tabcellsep Table Value\tabcellsep S/NS\\
1\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Lending Services}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 10.0138\tabcellsep 28.869\tabcellsep NS\\
2\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Reference Services}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 14.5187\tabcellsep 21.026\tabcellsep NS\\
3\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Internet Facilities}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 12.719\tabcellsep 12.592\tabcellsep S\\
4\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Online Database}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 14.9341\tabcellsep 21.026\tabcellsep NS\\
5\tabcellsep E-Journal\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 2.0191\tabcellsep 16.919\tabcellsep NS\\
6\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{CD-ROM Database}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 11.35\tabcellsep 16.919\tabcellsep NS\\
7\tabcellsep CAS\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 5.6947\tabcellsep 16.919\tabcellsep NS\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{S-Significant NS-Not Signifigant}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{6}{l}{Hypothesis: H 0: there is no association between Educational Qualification and Job satisfaction factors.}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{H 1: Table 7}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Income of the Respondents}\\
\tabcellsep Category\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Income (Rs.)}\tabcellsep No Respondents\tabcellsep Percentage\\
\tabcellsep a\tabcellsep Below 5000\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 12\%\\
\tabcellsep b\tabcellsep 5001-10000\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 49\tabcellsep 49\%\\
\tabcellsep c\tabcellsep 10001-15000\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 23\tabcellsep 23\%\\
\tabcellsep D\tabcellsep Above 15000\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 16\tabcellsep 16\%\\
\tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep 100\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 100\tabcellsep 100\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}Table 6 Chi}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{8} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.03246527777777778\textwidth}P{0.4338541666666666\textwidth}P{0.1859375\textwidth}P{0.1564236111111111\textwidth}P{0.04131944444444444\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{-Square Value -Income and Other Factors}\tabcellsep \\
S.No\tabcellsep Other Factors\tabcellsep Chi Square Value\tabcellsep Table Value\tabcellsep S/NS\\
1\tabcellsep Lending Services\tabcellsep 24.5507\tabcellsep 28.869\tabcellsep NS\\
2\tabcellsep Reference Services\tabcellsep 25.4586\tabcellsep 21.026\tabcellsep \\
3\tabcellsep Internet Facilities\tabcellsep 8.0721\tabcellsep 12.592\tabcellsep NS\\
4\tabcellsep Online Database\tabcellsep 29.0475\tabcellsep 21.026\tabcellsep \\
5\tabcellsep E-Journal\tabcellsep 10.482\tabcellsep 16.919\tabcellsep NS\\
6\tabcellsep CD-ROM Database\tabcellsep 11.0988\tabcellsep 16.919\tabcellsep NS\\
7\tabcellsep CAS\tabcellsep 11.2385\tabcellsep 16.919\tabcellsep NS\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_3}Table 8 Chi}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.8092171717171717\textwidth}P{0.0032196969696969696\textwidth}P{0.02039141414141414\textwidth}P{0.007512626262626262\textwidth}P{0.009659090909090909\textwidth}}
\multicolumn{5}{l}{? The Management of arts college libraries should}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{be more flexible. They should carry the ability to}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{develop the managerial structure, policies and}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{practices in term of digital changes. They need to}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{adapt a good entrepreneurial, innovative}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{approach, elevating the motivation. They should}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{also develop their user's behavior in terms of}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{short term information making process towards}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{digital library.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{VIII.}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Conclusion}\tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{? The findings of the present study are reasonably}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{limited in its scope with regard to many aspects.}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{The result can be made more elaborate if a}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{number of future scientific enquiries are}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{conducted in this area. Hence the following}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{research areas are identified and suggested for}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{further research on the job satisfaction of library}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{professionals.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
? strong\tabcellsep and\tabcellsep favorable\tabcellsep library\tabcellsep policies,\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{responsibility,}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
  {\small\itshape [Note: ?]} 
\caption{\label{tab_4}}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\end{document}
