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\title{The Analysis of 'Pour': A Lesson Learned for Understanding Vocabulary}
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             \author[1]{Pri  Priyono}

             \affil[1]{  The University of Mataram, Indonesia}

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\date{\small \em Received: 16 December 2012 Accepted: 2 January 2013 Published: 15 January 2013}

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\begin{abstract}
        


The centrality of lexis has been a prominent issue in lexical studies in second language learning (Richards, 1976; Ard and Gass, 1987; Willis, 1990; Clark, 1993, Coady and Huckin, 1997). This research article aims to shed light on understanding vocabulary in a different perspective by examining the nature of vocabulary through the observation of the verb pour in corpus citations. The results indicate that a large part of the grammatical aspect is lexically related. The corpus citations display the properties of the verb pour that include its various senses of meaning, syntactic structures it can fill in, typical subjects and objects they co-occur with, and argument structures. These properties generally determine the verb meaning and how it should appear in sentences and collocate with other words, and at the same time distinguish from other verbs? behaviour.  This corpus-based study confirms the unique complexity of the verb lexicon. The acquisition of lexicon is then the competence that includes the knowledge of the lexical properties. For a learner, it would imply that the encoded structural aspects should be learned as an integral part of learning vocabulary. Hence, it would render the teaching of grammar to some extent redundant. 

\end{abstract}


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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
mong the four parts of speech (noun, verb, adjective, and adverb), verbs turn out to have the most complex properties (cf. Kilby, 1984; Atkin, Kegl, and \hyperref[b1]{Levin, 1986 and}\hyperref[b2]{1988;} {\ref Levin, 1993)}. From the semantic perspective, verbs often carry more than one meaning and fall into various semantic categories. From a syntactic perspective, there are lexical constraints in the syntactic structures in which verbs are the central element (see \hyperref[b0]{Ard and Gass, 1987)}. A lexical constraint is a rule that restricts verbs to behave in a peculiar way. Some verbs strictly require objects to express meaning in a sentence, some can only appear without objects, and others can appear with or without objects. Hundt (2004) points out that subject animacy is highly related to syntactic patterning, e.g. progressive mode is common with animate subjects. Verbs such as break, cut, sell, read may appear with both animate and inanimate subjects, but write, eat, drink, see with animate subjects only. The syntactic variants of a verb are also lexically constrained. For example, a verb like give can dativize, as in he gave me some money, but a verb like eat cannot, *he ate me some sandwich.\par
Likewise, the verb break can alternate to an unaccusative variant as in the window broke, but not write in *a novel wrote.\par
Within lexical conceptual structure, verb properties would include meaning, syntactic constructions, collocation, morphological forms, phonological aspects, and pragmatic (but this corpus investigation restricts the observation area to the first three properties only). Therefore, verb is a strategic element in a grammatically acceptable sentence structure. The nature of the verb meaning determines how it should appear in syntactic construction and selects other syntactic elements to co-occur in a sentence. These elements can be its subjects and objects, and other collocations. In addition, animacy of subject and object is also an important factor contributing to the lexical properties of the verb. This collocational knowledge is an integral part of the acquired lexicon. With this in mind, the selected lexical item pour will be observed, analyzed, and discussed in relation to ESL (English as a Second Language) learning.\par
Knowledge about lexical properties should then be integral part of leaner's lexical competence. With a verb, these properties would cover transitivity (whether the verb is strictly transitive or intransitive); whether the intransitive verb is ergative or unergative; the syntactic structures that the verb can enter into; the verb argument structures which include the typical subjects/objects of the transitive, or the typical subjects of the intransitive; the lexical and grammatical collocation of the verb; and the identification of the verb meaning (cf  {\ref Grimshaw, 1990)}.\par
Priyono (2011) asserts that the above elements constitute a lexical conceptual structure suggesting that verb has inherent property encoding syntactic and semantic aspects. Although this may not be comprehensive, these elements make up the major properties that make the verbs difficult to learn \hyperref[b0]{(Ard and Gass, 1987;} {\ref and Yip, 1994)}. The difficulty could be attributed to the inherent nature of the English verb lexicon and quite possibly interlanguage. \hyperref[b0]{Ard and Gass (1987)}, and Yip 1994) have found out that the English ergative verbs are troublesome even for advanced ESL learners. 
\section[{II. The Observation of the Verb Pour}]{II. The Observation of the Verb Pour}\par
The citations of the verb pour were obtained from the corpus compiled by Macquarie Dictionary Research Centre, Ozcorp. Set up by the Macquarie Library Pty Ltdin 1990, this corpus is constantly extended from a wider range of sources -novels, short stories, popular non-fiction books, poetries, magazines, newspapers, autobiographies, manuals/guides/ handbooks, and even transcripts of spoken English, and more. This diversity provides sufficient generality and meets the requirement of this study in terms of being representative, and open-ended collection of texts. At that time, the size of the corpus was more than 20 million words, and currently must be much more than that. With all these features, the observation of the verb pour in the citations, is expected to disclose its properties. The programs employed are Sentence, Concordances, and Collocation. The Sentence program displays all sentences that contain the word under investigation and it provides relatively complete information about the word. Concordance is similar to sentence program but it does display complete sentences, many of them were truncated.\par
Therefore, concordance is not used to observe lexical behaviour of pour. Collocation program is useful in showing words that collocate with the verb pour. It also provides statistical information about frequency of words co-occurring with the verb pour. In addition, the results of collocation program display typicality of subject and object that help us understand the conceptual structure of the verb. As a whole the corpus citations of the verb pour demonstrate lexical behaviour that provide information regarding aspects of language such as syntax, meaning, and collocational properties. 
\section[{III.}]{III.} 
\section[{Syntactic Information}]{Syntactic Information}\par
The verb Pour has both transitive and intransitive uses, but the transitive is much more common than the intransitive (see table 1 below). In addition there are more variants in the transitive uses. An example of each variant will be given later. The corpus also reveals other than verb uses. More than 6\% of the 324 total matches are non-verb. This number includes the noun pour and foreign words such as pour un jeune homme [\#81), c'est tant pis pour lui (\#168), etc which must be excluded from the data. IV. 
\section[{The Transitive Pour}]{The Transitive Pour}\par
The corpus reveals four variants of the transitive pour. The most common construction is POUR + NP + Prep + Location (Goal/Destination) (105 occurrences).\par
The NP is the object, and Prep is prepositions, and the Location sometimes refers to Goal or Destination. The second common variant is Simple Transitive (70 occurrences). This variant is identified from the appearance of a single (direct) object. The third variant is Dative (21 occurrences), and the least common variant is Benefactive (10 occurrences). The following sentences will illustrate each of the transitive variants.\par
1. I could pour the diesel into the filters (\#55).\par
2. she did pour a drink (\#97).\par
3. will you pour me some more coffee ... (\#143).\par
4. Denise will pour tea for all their family and friends (\#206).\par
V. 
\section[{The Intransitive Pour}]{The Intransitive Pour}\par
Unlike the transitive, the intransitive use recognises only two variants: Pure and Pseudo intransitive. This is illustrated in the following sentences. 5. ... and rain began to pour down ... (\#7).\par
6. Pour into a small serving dish, cover ... (\#32).\par
The pure intransitive can be easily identified when the subject is inanimate such as rain, water, liquid, although quite a few animate subjects appear with this variant. Sentence 7 below is one of the pure intransitives in the citations with an animate subject. 7. About 500,000 East European were expected to pour into the West every year (\#43).\par
Unlike 7, sentence 6 shows no object but implies one. In this sentence there is something to be poured into the dish. The entity is not expressed but understood from the context. On the contrary, the verb pour in 7 does not imply any object. 
\section[{The subject of the transitive and intransitive}]{The subject of the transitive and intransitive}\par
There are 62 sentences in the citations of pour that have no subject. These subjectless sentences are mostly imperative, but a few are due to truncation. Sentences 8 and 9 below illustrate the two instances.\par
( ) G 8. Pour a thin layer of jelly on to the base of the mould (\#42, also \#32). 9. pour down my gullet huge draughts of spirit (\#5).\par
These subjectless sentences mostly occur in the transitive variant. The only other occurrences are in the pseudo intransitive as in 6, which nevertheless implies an object. Except for pronoun and proper name, the list does not suggest any typicality of subject as the rest occur only once or twice. Such rarity of occurrence makes it difficult to characterise a common subject. However, there is a clear tendency for the subject of the transitive pour to be animate. Consider the following sentences.\par
10. It was as though a sea, breaking against a stone wall, had found some breach through which to pour its waters (\#3).\par
11. The plant, in Fukushima district north-west of Tokyo, activated an emergency core cooling system to pour water on the nuclear fuel rods (\#44).\par
12. Foreign-owned companies supplied thousands of Australian jobs and pour millions into the local economy (\#26).\par
The subject sea of sentence 10, although an inanimate, is used metaphorically as an animate. This subject plays an agentive role, namely, the doer of the action 'pouring'. In sentences 11 and 12, the subjectsplant and companies involve human so that they can be categorised into animate subjects. Unlike the transitive variants, the intransitives display a much greater range of inanimate subjects. Table \hyperref[tab_2]{3} below lists the intransitive subjects from which the typical subjects can be identified. The ones which have similar characteristics can be categorised under one common term. For example, the nominal groupswater, rain, saliva, liquid, tears, chemicals, shower heads etc. can be listed under 'liquid'. These nominal groups seem to have characterised the common subject of the intransitive pour. The following sentences illustrate the common subjects of the intransitive pour.\par
13. Then the rain started to pour down .... (\#46). 14. .... and opening his mouth let his saliva pour on to his slate (\#6).\par
The other nominal groups are non-liquid, but they have the similar characteristics in the manner described in the CCEED (Collin Cobuild Essential English Dictionary), that is, flowing quickly and in large quantities. These nominal groups among others are words, smoke, greetings, immigrants, question, and have also characterised the typical subjects of the intransitive pour. These are illustrated in the following sentences. 18. .... words began to pour from his lips ...(\#12). 19. ... smoke continued to pour from their cigarettes .... (\#14). 20. About 300 greetings pour in daily from ... (\#27). 21. ... while immigrants pour in and take jobs and eat into social services (\#222).\par
22. He scribbles all the while that the questions pour from him (\#240). 
\section[{VI. The Objects of the Transitive Pour}]{VI. The Objects of the Transitive Pour}\par
The examination of the verb cook, (Priyono, 2011) has shown that the subject of the intransitive often corresponds to the object of the transitive. This verb turned out to show similar behaviour. For example, the nominal water is the second most frequent subject of the intransitive as well as the object of the transitive pour. Both are listed immediately after Pronoun, the first subject in frequency (see tables \hyperref[tab_3]{3 and 4}). However, the remaining nominals do not show any significant correlation. For example, the nominal tea is the third common object, but does not exist on the list of the intransitive subject. And the nominal rain is a common subject of the intransitive but occurs only once as an object of the transitive with different kind of meaning. While rain in 23 has a concrete meaning, in 24 it has a metaphorical meaning. Also the nominal words showing in the list of intransitive subject does not appear on the list of object of the transitive. In spite of the difference, however, both show similar general characteristics. The typical subject of the intransitive has been identified under the category 'liquid' and so is the object of the transitive. The later can be specified into two different categories. The first is drinkable and the second non-drink liquid. Under the first category, the G nominal groups include water, tea, wine, beer, milk, whisky, coffee, brandy, juices, and cocoa. The second includes oil, diesel, poison, acid, mayonnaise, disinfectant. 
\section[{VII.}]{VII.} 
\section[{Other Syntactic Information}]{Other Syntactic Information}\par
The other syntactic information provided by the corpus relates to the use of the verbal phrase to pour.\par
There are 100 occurrences of this verbal phrase in the total 324 matches or 31\%. The most common verbs that form the verbal phrase to pour are begin/start, continue, want, try, etc. These are illustrated in the following sentences. Quite often to pour is used with some verbs to express a purpose of an activity. Sentences 30 and 31 below illustrate this variant. 30. ... and went inside to pour another ... (\#53). 31. ... working from the drawings makes molds to pour molten plastic into (\#61).\par
This verbal phrase also appears as a complement of the linking verb be as in the followings. As part of the complement of preposition for :\par
36. We wait for your money, for Timoshenko, for night for morning, for the ceiling to rumble and the water to pour down (\#203).\par
37. ... 29 billion airport would go ahead was the signal for overseas investors to pour into (\#39). 
\section[{Grammatical collocation (The Prepositions after Pour)}]{Grammatical collocation (The Prepositions after Pour)}\par
There are 15 different prepositions occurring after the verb pour. Most of these prepositions except away, upon, with, to co-occur quite frequently with pour. Among the seven most frequent prepositions are into, out, in, over, on, down, and for (see table 5 below).  In 56 and 57, the liquid and the wine are clearly the objects of pour, but in 58 and 59, vegetables and the salad are the locations. Sentences 56 and 57 are therefore identical with sentence 60 below. 
\section[{Now you pour the milk in (\#264).}]{Now you pour the milk in (\#264).}\par
Accordingly 56 and 57 can be alteredto: a. so you can pour the liquid in. b. pour the wine in.\par
The same alternation is not likely to apply to 58 and 59. With reference to sentence 53, we could expect to find that sentences c and d below can be the paraphrase of 58 and 59.\par
c. Pour evenly vegetables over. d. Pour the salad over....\par
In which case vegetables and salad are no longer the location but the objects of the verb pour, with a new Location as yet unstated.\par
With the preposition on, the verb pour mostly occur in SOL construction where the Source is unspecified. This is illustrated in sentences 61 and 62 below. viii. 
\section[{Findings and Conclusion}]{Findings and Conclusion}\par
The citations of pour show considerably more transitive than intransitive uses. 210 out of 324 (64\%) matches occur as transitive verb, compared to 87 (27\%) intransitive. And it should be noted that 18 occurrences out of 87 are the so-called Pseudo intransitive, the kind of intransitive that on the surface implies an object. This reduces the number to 69 (21\%) occurrences as pure intransitive.\par
From the occurrences of both transitive and intransitive, a conceptual structure of the verb pour can be developed. Sentence 78b does not seem to be the same case as the omission of out in to pour out another cup of tea. As such counter-evidence (78b) is not found in the citations we have a good reason to be doubtful about accepting its grammaticality. Therefore, it can be argued that out in 75 is obligatory while in 73 -74 is optional.\par
Anyway, with all these evidences we can claim that these prepositions together with the syntactic constructions, argument structures, meanings, the typicality of subjects and objects that appear with pour are built-in properties of the verb pour. These properties are all linguistic aspects (grammar, meaning, morphologic, syntax, etc) that form its idiosyncratic behaviour. Some of these properties may be shared by other verbs but they are clearly distinctive.\par
The These findings also suggest that learning a language is essentially learning vocabulary. In further investigation of this domain, it would be advisable to examine more verbs of high frequency of occurrence and other parts of speech as well, to identify which parts of the grammar area should be incorporated into the learning of vocabulary. In an ESL perspective, a lexical contrastive analysis could be developed to compare the lexical conceptual structure of the English language with collocation also demonstrate significant differences (see  {\ref Tables 3, 4, 5 and Priyono, 2011)}. Above all, the most important linguistic phenomenon that can be seen from this study is that a large part of grammar is encoded in the lexicon (see  {\ref Priyono, 2005)}. The citations of the verb pour have indicated that grammatical relations (Subject, Predicate, Object), syntactic alternations, collocations and so on, should be viewed as lexical rather than grammatical issues. In other words, the availability of syntactic constructions are highly lexically constrained.\par
The syntactic properties of the verb pour are evident that only verbs with such distinctive properties can enter into certain syntactic constructions. For example, the verb cook is different from the verb cost (among other differences) in that the former can enter into Benefactive construction while the latter cannot. So, it is good to say: She cooked some dinner for me last night; but not: The dinner cost some money for me. Obviously the syntactic structures that a verb can fill in must be due to its lexical properties. that of the learner's native language. By this means it may be possible to predict the areas of difficulties, based on the differences or similarities between the two languages.\par
1. The mother frowned and got up to *pour water from the big black kettle into the small brown teapot. 2. He was amazingly fluent when he wrote letters, could *pour himself out, especially to women, and surely 3. It was as though a sea, breaking against a stone wall, had found some breach through which to *pour its waters. 4. Had now there been at hand some Christian priest, some Christian-spirited man even, no matter of what faith, to *pour into the ears of this poor wretch words of comfort and grace; 5. *pour down my gullet huge draughts of spirit. 6. The blow would not have brought tears from the eyes of a toddler, but this great calf emitted a wild yope, and opening his mouth let his saliva *pour on to his slate.\par
7. and in less than ten minutes the wind rose and rain began to *pour down in buckets, with no end of thunder and lightning. 8. But when a heavy, soaking *pour of summer rain brought the 9. I would accost him with a slight foreign accent, state my difficulty, and ask him *pour... 10. sailing, <:i2> "*pour faire mes adieux. 11. Or else he'd *pour the water out of the tubs. 12. And then, almost before she knew it, words began to *pour from her lips, things she could not have believed 13. Well, the overseas bosses *pour money in; equipment, 14. The men went on breathing, smoke continued to *pour from their cigarettes, upwards, to form a solid blanket of 15. 'Or I will *pour it into the ground. 16. Now, liquid light was allowed to *pour from great receptacles. 17. The Pringles' guests, however, did begin to trickle in, then to flow, and finally to *pour. \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}}\end{figure}
     \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.5\textwidth}P{0.35\textwidth}}
Transitive\tabcellsep 210 (64\%)\\
Intransitive\tabcellsep 87 (27\%)\\
Pure\tabcellsep 69 (21\%)\\
Pseudo\tabcellsep 18 (5.5\%)\\
Non-verbal (Excluded)\tabcellsep 27 (8\%)\\
Total occurrences\tabcellsep 324\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}Table 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}}
Pronouns\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}}
Pronouns\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}Table 3 : Subject profile of intransitive pour}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}}
Pronouns\end{longtable} \par
  {\small\itshape [Note: Spirit, millions, juices, batter, energy, jelly, song, diesel, faith, plastic, mayonnaise, shit, fear, life, tale, questions, hatred, woes, story, rum, poison, vials, rain, blessings, disinfectant, sherry, contents, acid, whole being, fish, cocoa, wax, troubles, syllables, solder, treacle, resin, sugar, bottle, glasses, marinade, treasure, pounds. 23. ... the wind rose and rain began to pour ...(\#7). 24. ... so that he can pour his rain down... (\#100).]} 
\caption{\label{tab_3}Table 4 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{5} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}}
Into\end{longtable} \par
  {\small\itshape [Note: 41 This includes the ones in which the phrase is separated by pour something over... Pour : [SUBJ], [OBJ], [SOURCE], [LOCATION] This argument structure of the verb pour represented in sentence 38 below. representation (cf. Rappaport, Laughren, and Levin 1987; Zubizarreta, 1987). As is evident from the citations, some of these arguments are often optional on is well an object, for example, .... The examination of the preposition out shows different lexical behaviour. Location which is obligatory after into, is lacking in pour out. Let us have a look at the following data. 42. ... he'd pour the water out of the tubs (\#11). 43. ... Albert would pour out his questions...(\#88). 44. He had answered very little, choosing to light a cigarette and pour out another drink ... (\#92). 45. ... my poems simply pour out of me (\#107).]} 
\caption{\label{tab_4}Table 5 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.00035196687370600414\textwidth}P{0.790752242926156\textwidth}P{0.0486887508626639\textwidth}P{0.01020703933747412\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{The Analysis of 'Pour': A Lesson Learned for Understanding Vocabulary}\\
\tabcellsep 214. now and then; when the brandy's done *pour whisky, then 215. had\tabcellsep 62. but it is better to *pour away the soapy water for the rinsing. 63. The next proceeding is to cut the leaves into very fine shreds, to add a few slices of hard-boiled egg,\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep and finally to *pour over the whole a mysterious\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep mixture known as salad-dressing.\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 64. *pour over the salad just before the dressing is\\
( )\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{22. *Pour into a greased and lined 28cm x 18cm lamington tin. 23. Place the fish into a fish kettle or large saucepan and *pour over the Court Bouillon. 24. *Pour over the orange glaze and garnish with blackberries. 25. milk and *pour on to the blended cornflour. 26. Foreign-owned companies supplied thousands of Australian jobs "and *pour millions into the local economy", 27. About 300 greetings *pour in daily from around the world. 28. Of course, the top of his head is missing so you can *pour in the liquid. 29. I decided to keep her home but you wouldn't believe it, it started to *pour an hour later. 30. *Pour evenly over vegetables. 31. The problems start when the driver backs off too quickly, bringing the back end around rapidly into tyre-smoking oversteer, or tries to *pour on the power in the belief 32. *Pour into a small serving dish, cover and chill 30 minutes. added. 65. , all that is now needful to complete the herring salad is to *pour over it some mayonnaise sauce, ... 66. That's right, *pour it over his feet -now who's got a match -come on hurry it up... 67. Hundreds of thousands of people *pour onto its golden sands, many of them board riders, 68. guard crashed down and I let *pour forth on the paper a long and passionate 69. Jogging between the cane-field hedges from which heat and sweetness *pour out, Dorahy confronts his 33. L'energy into his latest business venture, 41. Few drops of any liqueur 1/2 bottle champagne Method: *Pour the water and the champagne in a pan and 42. *Pour a thin layer of jelly on to the base of the mould. 43. VIENNA: About 500,000 East Europeans were expected to *pour into the West every year, 44. The plant, in Fukushima district north-west of Tokyo, activated an emergency core cooling system to *pour water on the nuclear fuel rods. 45. Serve when cold with a well-charred egg on a cracked plate, and *pour half a bottle of tomato sauce over the lot. 46. Then the rain started to *pour down and sweep over the 47. Cook Teresa, smiling, handed her millet broom to Min, the new housemaid, and hurried to the dairy to *pour out from the bubbling bucket the glass of new milk, 48. He would rub his ribs with furious hands and lean his tall, supple figure forwards a little, and *pour out such a string of invective, 49. joy of the bush or the ills of the time, Nor *pour out his soul in delectable rhythm Of women and wine 50. 'E waits there on the course To *pour 'is poison in my ear -That 'ound wot knows 51. Choon up yer lyres with me, An' so *pour out yer souls in verse that free -52. , they sneer and scold At the strange, new passions young hearts would *pour Thro' a sunlit land, 53. She felt lazy and content, and went inside to *pour another cup of tea and 54. How long could the heart and the throat of the bird continue to *pour out the stream of song... 55. I needed an empty tin so I could *pour the diesel into the filters. 56. He began to *pour them but Louise again stopped him. 58. Heat up the wok with oil, *pour the hoisin sauce, ground 59. something to this effect: "Everyone, if he would survive, must *pour himself into another soul. 60. to get in touch with every member of the human demon with the 70. When the water starts to *pour the crowd gives out its bestial sigh. 71. '*Pour me a drink,' the contractor said. 72. 'I could *pour a bucket of good old-fashioned shit over half of these bastards, any time I liked. 73. She had a friend too, a young teacher, to whom she had recently learned to *pour out her fear and bewilderment. 74. We'll *pour it into 'em. 75. *Pour it on. 76. and she was afraid to raise herself to *pour out the tea lest the maid should notice her agitation. 57. Mickey stirred the chaff-and-bran for a while -all I had to do was to *pour the water out of a dipper, 77. She tried with all her being to *pour her life into him through her hand. 78. She went on to *pour out all her grievances. 79. Then you *pour in milk, keeping stirring it like with a 80. murmured an inclusive good-morning and went to *pour himself out a cup of coffee. 81. "Le mariage n'est qu'un desastre *pour un jeune homme," 82. She stayed to luncheon, and when the butler offered to *pour some St Saturnin wine into her glass she said: 83. The day before, this story would have moved him to *pour out the tale of his own untimely and irreparable loss. 84. And he turned the key of silence upon his secret until he could *pour it into the right ear. 85. It was a wonder he did not *pour it into Mary's, for she 86. The blue was now on his hands, his face, and still he must dilute the sludge so it would *pour, and then ritual of 102. Distortions of her vision made it almost impossible to *pour. 103. if a patient upsets her tea in bed you are to boil up some water and *pour on at once. 111. knowing that there was a gate through which all could *pour, but not daring 112. In a temper he got up to *pour hot water in the basin and 113. *Pour for yourself. another. 128. Meenie would *pour it over Bandogera, shrieking with 129. Saul Hardy tried to *pour oil on the troubled waters, but 130. Coonardoo stood waiting to move plates and *pour fresh tea for Hugh when he sat down to his own meal 131. 'I remember they ended up in the kitchen with Mr Hunter telling her to *pour it down the sink. 132. ,for we all knew that Henry did, absolutely nothing around the house except *pour drinks or open the wine. 104. 'the blood in my veins turns into ink and my poems simply *pour out of me. 105. 'Let me *pour you another,' Matron held up the flagon. 106. the blood in my veins turns into ink and my poems simply *pour out of me. 107. She would perch on his knee and *pour whisky without measuring it, and 108. She liked to *pour from a height, she said. 109. I've always wanted to be the patron saint of a literary journal, you know, to *pour blessings on learned 110. "why do you *pour out all this money on Jakarta... 133. He'd throw the leaves directly into it, *pour on the boiling water, add milk 134. '*Pour yourself a drink, a decent drink. 135. Il a voyage avec moi *pour un certain temps. 136. '*Pour Mark,' Sergio said gravely. 137. 'He's nothing special,' Anne said, asking me to *pour her a sherry as she put on a good-looking blue 138. She turned to *pour out another cup of tea, her hands 139. It was a relief that Olive had moved away: but ideas 114. never *pour out her whole being in adoration of writings. began to *pour frantically through Louie's brain:}\tabcellsep Year 2013 Global Journal of Human Social Science Volume XIII Issue VIII Version I ( ) g\\
\tabcellsep race and to *pour the great treasure of faith into that\tabcellsep 87. 'You will pretend to *pour.\\
\tabcellsep person's heart.\tabcellsep 88. Each morning Albert would *pour out his questions\\
\tabcellsep 61. working from the drawings makes molds to *pour\tabcellsep and answer them himself.\\
\tabcellsep molten plastic into.\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
  {\small\itshape [Note: G89.]} 
\caption{\label{tab_7}}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 		 		\backmatter  			 
\subsection[{Appendix}]{Appendix}\par
Sentencepour 4799 words			 			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
\bibitem[*Pour for yourself, Nurse Putnam... 144. 'I'll *pour it all over your filthy face, if you don't go 145. wanted to see the old maid so you could *pour your woes into her ears]{b4}\label{b4} 	 		\textit{*Pour for yourself, Nurse Putnam... 144. 'I'll *pour it all over your filthy face, if you don't go 145. wanted to see the old maid so you could *pour your woes into her ears},  		 	 
\bibitem[*Pour it in 194 Until it gets up to my thumb. 287. 261 C: *Pour it into here]{b49}\label{b49} 	 		\textit{*Pour it in 194 Until it gets up to my thumb. 287. 261 C: *Pour it into here},  		 	 
\bibitem[*pour it in. 290. 560 M: Yes you can *pour it in. 291. 561 C: I'll *pour it in]{b51}\label{b51} 	 		\textit{*pour it in. 290. 560 M: Yes you can *pour it in. 291. 561 C: I'll *pour it in},  				 	 
\bibitem[*Pour me a whisky, please]{b6}\label{b6} 	 		\textit{*Pour me a whisky, please},  		 	 	 (I said) 
\bibitem[*Pour me out some coffee and pass the butter]{b63}\label{b63} 	 		\textit{*Pour me out some coffee and pass the butter},  		 	 
\bibitem[*pour over the starched spillway of her wimple]{b37}\label{b37} 	 		\textit{*pour over the starched spillway of her wimple},  		 	 
\bibitem[*Pour some for old Golden Boy, too]{b23}\label{b23} 	 		\textit{*Pour some for old Golden Boy, too},  		 	 
\bibitem[*pour your milk in C: Yeah, right M: *Pour 298. I am] M: *Pour it all in]{b55}\label{b55} 	 		\textit{*pour your milk in C: Yeah, right M: *Pour 298. I am] M: *Pour it all in},  				 	 
\bibitem[169. councillor returned slowly to *pour, drink the peg of which he felt so badly 170]{b17}\label{b17} 	 		\textit{169. councillor returned slowly to *pour, drink the peg of which he felt so badly 170},  		 	 	 (said Brevis, cold again, and stretching a steady hand to *pour more tea) 
\bibitem[After Qantas got a different plane for us, it started to *pour with rain]{b65}\label{b65} 	 		\textit{After Qantas got a different plane for us, it started to *pour with rain},  		 	 
\bibitem[Atkins and Kegl ()]{b2}\label{b2} 	 		\textit{Anatomy of a Verb Entry. From Linguistic Theory to 141. edge of the table and looked round her for a glass of water},  		 			B T Atkins 		,  		 			J Kegl 		,  		 			Levin 		,  		 			B 		.  		1988.  	 	 (which Lennie hastened to *pour for her) 
\bibitem[and the water begins to *pour through, slowly at first 204. He watched the wattles around her throat settle and 205. Denise will *pour tea for all their family and friends]{b33}\label{b33} 	 		\textit{and the water begins to *pour through, slowly at first 204. He watched the wattles around her throat settle and 205. Denise will *pour tea for all their family and friends},  		 	 
\bibitem[And this is the very last beer I *pour this year. 277. you've got another little job to do And that's *pour 278. (Mm M: *Pour away Adrian C: OK M: Just]{b42}\label{b42} 	 		‘And this is the very last beer I *pour this year. 277. you've got another little job to do And that's *pour’.  	 	 		\textit{278. (Mm M: *Pour away Adrian C: OK M: Just},  				 	 
\bibitem[as he stood aside to let the sweeper *pour tea into China's mug]{b61}\label{b61} 	 		\textit{as he stood aside to let the sweeper *pour tea into China's mug},  		 	 
\bibitem[Australia was a word, when I was little]{b58}\label{b58} 	 		\textit{Australia was a word, when I was little},  		 	 	 (my lips poured slowly, as you *pour out treasure) 
\bibitem[but there was a concrete *pour on and he 303. add onion and blend together with meat until lightly brown; *pour in the wine and when it 304. in blender and *pour through sieve into a small bowl]{b57}\label{b57} 	 		\textit{but there was a concrete *pour on and he 303. add onion and blend together with meat until lightly brown; *pour in the wine and when it 304. in blender and *pour through sieve into a small bowl},  		p. 302.  	 
\bibitem[Can I *pour that in]{b53}\label{b53} 	 		\textit{Can I *pour that in},  		 	 
\bibitem[Come and *pour out tea, young woman, and give an account 178. thought for a moment that it might *pour the cocoa into Tabby's ear, 179. Blinky half whistled, "we'd better *pour it all over her 180]{b21}\label{b21} 	 		\textit{Come and *pour out tea, young woman, and give an account 178. thought for a moment that it might *pour the cocoa into Tabby's ear, 179. Blinky half whistled, "we'd better *pour it all over her 180},  		 	 	 (He would collect a pocketful and take them home, melt them down, *pour them into a little mould in the mud, 177. Blinky commanded, "while I *pour it down her throat) 
\bibitem[Could you *pour some in my mouth]{b45}\label{b45} 	 		\textit{Could you *pour some in my mouth},  		 281. 12.  		 	 
\bibitem[Do you want me to *pour you some wine]{b22}\label{b22} 	 		\textit{Do you want me to *pour you some wine},  		 	 
\bibitem[Emptied from a bucket, a pile of shell poured with the numerous headlong *pour of sand onto other shells]{b26}\label{b26} 	 		\textit{Emptied from a bucket, a pile of shell poured with the numerous headlong *pour of sand onto other shells},  		 	 
\bibitem[En passant *pour la Lorraine Avec mes sabots, 174]{b19}\label{b19} 	 		\textit{En passant *pour la Lorraine Avec mes sabots, 174},  		 	 	 (Will you *pour concrete over us when we're buried) 
\bibitem[Atkins and Kegl ()]{b1}\label{b1} 	 		‘Explicit and implicit information in dictionaries. Lexicon Project Working Papers 12’.  		 			B T Atkins 		,  		 			J Kegl 		,  		 			Levin 		,  		 			B 		.  	 	 		\textit{Center for Cognitive Science},  				 (Cambridge)  		1986. MIT Press.  	 
\bibitem[For her sake, too, I *pour wine from the heavy flagon, shake it into a glass]{b34}\label{b34} 	 		\textit{For her sake, too, I *pour wine from the heavy flagon, shake it into a glass},  		 	 
\bibitem[Go your ways, and *pour out the vials of the wrath of God upon the earth]{b13}\label{b13} 	 		\textit{Go your ways, and *pour out the vials of the wrath of God upon the earth},  		 	 
\bibitem[He makes wonderful coffee, but I have to *pour the brandy]{b7}\label{b7} 	 		\textit{He makes wonderful coffee, but I have to *pour the brandy},  		 	 
\bibitem[He pull out a pocket knife and some tomato sauce and *pour it on to the knife then he pull one]{b66}\label{b66} 	 		\textit{He pull out a pocket knife and some tomato sauce and *pour it on to the knife then he pull one},  		322.  	 	 (It looks like its going to *pour again," said Abby, the) 
\bibitem[He went to *pour himself a drink, but realising 272. *pour me a beer if you like, Billy, but it will 273. , des habits et des armes; Tu t'eloignas apres *pour 274. We've just got time to *pour 'em out before they start 275. He moves, still disgruntled, to open bottles and *pour glasses]{b41}\label{b41} 	 		\textit{He went to *pour himself a drink, but realising 272. *pour me a beer if you like, Billy, but it will 273. , des habits et des armes; Tu t'eloignas apres *pour 274. We've just got time to *pour 'em out before they start 275. He moves, still disgruntled, to open bottles and *pour glasses},  		 	 	 (PEARL places the food on the table) 
\bibitem[He would *pour it out, hold it to the light, sip it 163. Jerry had done more than *pour her drinks on the long voyage home]{b14}\label{b14} 	 		\textit{He would *pour it out, hold it to the light, sip it 163. Jerry had done more than *pour her drinks on the long voyage home},  		 	 
\bibitem[He'll *pour it into a sick beast, either end, no matter. 159]{b11}\label{b11} 	 		\textit{He'll *pour it into a sick beast, either end, no matter. 159},  		 	 	 (*Pour me a tot of rum. he says) 
\bibitem[he'll have to stay the night; the rain is going to *pour 199. She might talk dirty and *pour a drink into his mouth 200. and the rest of us began to *pour drinks for ourselves (198)]{b31}\label{b31} 	 		\textit{he'll have to stay the night; the rain is going to *pour 199. She might talk dirty and *pour a drink into his mouth 200. and the rest of us began to *pour drinks for ourselves},  		198.  	 
\bibitem[HELPING M You going to help me stir and *pour 266. of tea 125 M I'm going to *pour you a cup of tea]{b39}\label{b39} 	 		‘HELPING M You going to help me stir and *pour’.  	 	 		\textit{266. of tea 125 M I'm going to *pour you a cup of tea},  				 	 	 (now) 
\bibitem[I *pour another glass of floating wine]{b35}\label{b35} 	 		\textit{I *pour another glass of floating wine},  		 	 
\bibitem[I *pour the syllables, feeling a kinship with transplanted men who grew like 308. The women are advised to *pour this "charmed" oil in a tiny]{b59}\label{b59} 	 		\textit{I *pour the syllables, feeling a kinship with transplanted men who grew like 308. The women are advised to *pour this "charmed" oil in a tiny},  		 	 
\bibitem[I said it's beautiful R -And I'll *pour out a cup of tea 284. 178 M: I don't want to *pour it right off]{b47}\label{b47} 	 		\textit{I said it's beautiful R -And I'll *pour out a cup of tea 284. 178 M: I don't want to *pour it right off},  		 	 
\bibitem[I was shirking a duty by not staying to *pour tea. 154. 'May I *pour you a second glass of wine]{b9}\label{b9} 	 		\textit{I was shirking a duty by not staying to *pour tea. 154. 'May I *pour you a second glass of wine},  		 	 
\bibitem[I'll *pour it in]{b52}\label{b52} 	 		\textit{I'll *pour it in},  		 	 
\bibitem[I'll kill them all tonight, I'll *pour that stinking oil on 140. while the others started to *pour in around her, through 147]{b5}\label{b5} 	 		\textit{I'll kill them all tonight, I'll *pour that stinking oil on 140. while the others started to *pour in around her, through 147},  		 	 	 (Pour one for yourself if you wish) 
\bibitem[I, who now *pour the wine and tilt The glass, would 185. They *pour out strength]{b24}\label{b24} 	 		\textit{I, who now *pour the wine and tilt The glass, would 185. They *pour out strength},  		 	 
\bibitem[If all goes well, smoke will *pour from the wood without a single blister showing on your palms]{b20}\label{b20} 	 		\textit{If all goes well, smoke will *pour from the wood without a single blister showing on your palms},  		 	 
\bibitem[If anyone thought so, c'est tant pis *pour lui. 168. took fright again Voila *pour l'histoire ancienne]{b16}\label{b16} 	 		‘If anyone thought so, c'est tant pis *pour lui. 168. took fright again’.  	 	 		\textit{Voila *pour l'histoire ancienne},  				 	 
\bibitem[in time to see Entity step forward and *pour a beaker of water into a glass flask hanging just in 151. only Cusha, preoccupied these days with the life growing inside her had waded on into the pond to *pour water over her distended belly, 152]{b8}\label{b8} 	 		\textit{in time to see Entity step forward and *pour a beaker of water into a glass flask hanging just in 151. only Cusha, preoccupied these days with the life growing inside her had waded on into the pond to *pour water over her distended belly, 152},  		 	 	 (May I *pour you another cup, Captain..) 
\bibitem[Jamie stepped aside and allowed the swarm of guests to *pour into their house]{b64}\label{b64} 	 		\textit{Jamie stepped aside and allowed the swarm of guests to *pour into their house},  		 	 	 (When the starch is cool, *pour it into paint jars and add 319) 
\bibitem[Let's *pour that other bottle into the brew, Jack. 269. if Bee-Bonnet ever again wants me to sample his snake-poison, I'll *pour it on him and 270]{b40}\label{b40} 	 		\textit{Let's *pour that other bottle into the brew, Jack. 269. if Bee-Bonnet ever again wants me to sample his snake-poison, I'll *pour it on him and 270},  		 	 	 (I'll *pour all of them out 288 I'll *pour all of them out 289 M Ah yeah, OK 268. I just *pour the hot water into it, like this) 
\bibitem[Ard and Gass ()]{b0}\label{b0} 	 		‘Lexical constraints on syntactic acquisition’.  		 			J Ard 		,  		 			S Gass 		.  	 	 		\textit{Studies in Second Language Acquisition}  		1987. Cambridge University Press. 9  (2)  p. .  	 
\bibitem[M Do you want to *pour the water and make yourself look like you're crying]{b44}\label{b44} 	 		\textit{M Do you want to *pour the water and make yourself look like you're crying},  		 	 
\bibitem[M: Hmm, would you *pour it in for me 296. C: Yes I'll *pour it]{b54}\label{b54} 	 		‘M: Hmm, would you *pour it in for me’.  	 	 		\textit{296. C: Yes I'll *pour it},  				 	 	 (I want to *pour the hot water out of the kettle) 
\bibitem[M: No I can't *pour some in your mouth]{b46}\label{b46} 	 		\textit{M: No I can't *pour some in your mouth},  		 	 
\bibitem[M: No Mummy's gonna *pour it out of the carton 301. Someone to whom he can *pour out his own private grief without any And then we gotta *pour it into the frypan 300]{b56}\label{b56} 	 		‘M: No Mummy's gonna *pour it out of the carton 301. Someone to whom he can *pour out his own private grief without any’.  	 	 		\textit{And then we gotta *pour it into the frypan 300},  				 	 
\bibitem[Mr Pollit, will you *pour me some more coffee, please]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		\textit{Mr Pollit, will you *pour me some more coffee, please},  		 	 
\bibitem[Now *pour it all into the dish I'll let go And you *pour it There we are]{b43}\label{b43} 	 		\textit{Now *pour it all into the dish I'll let go And you *pour it There we are},  		 	 
\bibitem[O, could the Muse her glowing wishes *pour, For joys, fair nymph]{b29}\label{b29} 	 		\textit{O, could the Muse her glowing wishes *pour, For joys, fair nymph},  		 	 	 (to grace) 
\bibitem[Place into a bowl and *pour some more marinade over chicken]{b67}\label{b67} 	 		\textit{Place into a bowl and *pour some more marinade over chicken},  		 	 
\bibitem[RUTH CRIES FOR ATTENTION) 558 C: I'll *pour it in]{b50}\label{b50} 	 		\textit{RUTH CRIES FOR ATTENTION) 558 C: I'll *pour it in},  		 	 
\bibitem[263]{b38}\label{b38} 	 		\textit{Shake all the sugar down to the bottom and then you tear it off and then *pour it into the cup},  		 			G 263 		.  		264.  	 	 (Now you can *pour that sugar in there..) 
\bibitem[She added after a bit]{b12}\label{b12} 	 		\textit{She added after a bit},  		 	 	 (To *pour poison in the man's ear) 
\bibitem[She had soon learnt to *pour tea of a strength soothing to his stomach 156. but the tears began to *pour for the image of a husband to whose love she had renounced the right]{b10}\label{b10} 	 		\textit{She had soon learnt to *pour tea of a strength soothing to his stomach 156. but the tears began to *pour for the image of a husband to whose love she had renounced the right},  		157.  	 	 (She was prompted to *pour out the tragic story on the one person close enough to respond to her distress) 
\bibitem[The folk just did *pour on to lay six to four on 191. By the far Samoan shore, Where the league-long rollers *pour All the wash of the Pacific on the coral-guarded bay, 192. Night and water *Pour to one rip of darkness, the 193. Still shall my bursting heart with rapture swell]{b27}\label{b27} 	 		\textit{The folk just did *pour on to lay six to four on 191. By the far Samoan shore, Where the league-long rollers *pour All the wash of the Pacific on the coral-guarded bay, 192. Night and water *Pour to one rip of darkness, the 193. Still shall my bursting heart with rapture swell},  		 	 	 (Still to my God, its grateful homage *pour," 194. The full libation *pour..) 
\bibitem[The Ordre *Pour Le Merite was established in 1740, 316]{b62}\label{b62} 	 		\textit{The Ordre *Pour Le Merite was established in 1740, 316},  		Maud.  	 	 (Will you *pour my tea for me) 
\bibitem[The quiet dismissal switching it off, though, and carrying the last bucket, saline-sickly still undrinkable raw milk to *pour in high for its herringbone 187. said different things: *Pour wax on the earth. 188. and the workers heaving vast stalks up there, the brisk compact workers]{b25}\label{b25} 	 		\textit{The quiet dismissal switching it off, though, and carrying the last bucket, saline-sickly still undrinkable raw milk to *pour in high for its herringbone 187. said different things: *Pour wax on the earth. 188. and the workers heaving vast stalks up there, the brisk compact workers},  		 	 	 (jointed soldiers *pour out ..) 
\bibitem[Then you *pour in the melted gold and let it cool, and 312. The shower heads continued to *pour forth it's scorching jets till the shower booth was filled]{b60}\label{b60} 	 		\textit{Then you *pour in the melted gold and let it cool, and 312. The shower heads continued to *pour forth it's scorching jets till the shower booth was filled},  		 	 
\bibitem[There were four tables, with a governess at the head and foot of each to *pour out tea. 165. shoulders, laughed until Mab wanted to *pour sacrificial wine on himself, 166]{b15}\label{b15} 	 		\textit{There were four tables, with a governess at the head and foot of each to *pour out tea. 165. shoulders, laughed until Mab wanted to *pour sacrificial wine on himself, 166},  		 	 	 (We don't have to do it under the new Probation System. said Roger Keyes, trying to *pour oil) 
\bibitem[To *pour, unask'd, within his faithful breast]{b30}\label{b30} 	 		\textit{To *pour, unask'd, within his faithful breast},  		 	 
\bibitem[Une Garde-malade *pour l'amour de l'art. 211. spots, *pour boiling water over and wrap gloves, soap 212]{b36}\label{b36} 	 		\textit{Une Garde-malade *pour l'amour de l'art. 211. spots, *pour boiling water over and wrap gloves, soap 212},  		 	 	 (There,' he said, '*pour that into the lovely man. 213. Drive carefully, and *pour brandy into him) 
\bibitem[Unrivalled Commerce flies, And congregated nations *pour The wealth of worlds from every shore]{b28}\label{b28} 	 		\textit{Unrivalled Commerce flies, And congregated nations *pour The wealth of worlds from every shore},  		 	 
\bibitem[We wait for your money, for Timoshenko, for night, for morning, for the ceiling to rumble and the water to *pour down]{b32}\label{b32} 	 		\textit{We wait for your money, for Timoshenko, for night, for morning, for the ceiling to rumble and the water to *pour down},  		202.  	 	 (If you *pour water down these holes the scorpions come) 
\bibitem[when you make cider and *pour it into great barrels to ferment and then 172. Did you *pour it into your coffee]{b18}\label{b18} 	 		\textit{when you make cider and *pour it into great barrels to ferment and then 172. Did you *pour it into your coffee},  		 	 
\bibitem[You will *pour this in 185 Until it comes up to my thumb]{b48}\label{b48} 	 		\textit{You will *pour this in 185 Until it comes up to my thumb},  		 	 
\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
\end{document}
