@incollection{,
	
					
					
					61EC5873DB6624D93516C38D7CD5DAF2
				,
	author={{Dale R.Baker} and {Nievita BuenoWatts} and {StevenSemken} and {Ariizona State University}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Human Social Sciences}},
	journal={{GJHSS}}2249-460X0975-587X10.34257/GJHSS,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1334558
}

@book{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{Handbook of research on science education}}
		,
	author={{
			SKAbell
		}}
		,
	editor={S. K. Abell and N.G. Lederman}
		
			,
	year={2007}
			,
	publisher={Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}
			,
	address={Mahwah, NJ}
		
	
	,
	note={Research on science teacher knowledge}

}

@book{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Benchmarks for scientific literacy: Project 2061}}
		
			,
	year={1993}
			,
	publisher={Oxford Press}
			,
	address={New York, NY}
		
	

}

@book{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Science for all Americans}}
		
			,
	year={1994}
			,
	publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science}
			,
	address={Washington, DC}
		
	

}

@book{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{Detailed analysis of misconceptions as a basis for developing remedial instruction: The case of photosynthesis. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the}}
		,
	author={{
			RAmir
		} and {
			P&tamir
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={1990}
			,
	publisher={American Educational Research Association}
			,
	address={Boston, MA}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Development and evaluation of the conceptual inventory of natural selection}}
		,
	author={{
			DLAnderson
		} and {
			KMFisher
		} and {
			GJNorman
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Research in Science Teaching}}
		
			39
			10
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{The effects of instruction on college nonmajors' conceptions of respiration and photosynthesis}}
		,
	author={{
			CAnderson
		} and {
			TSheldon
		} and {
			JDubay
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Research in Science Teaching}}
		
			27
			
			,
	year={1990}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{The effects of instruction on college nonmajors' conceptions of respiration and photosynthesis}}
		,
	author={{
			CAnderson
		} and {
			TSheldon
		} and {
			JDubay
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Research in Science Teaching}}
		
			27
			
			,
	year={1990}
		
	

}

@incollection{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Effect of Content Focus and Activities on Teachers' Scientific Explanations}}
		,
	author={{
			DBaker
		} and {
			NBueno Watts
		} and {
			GPerkins
		} and {
			TSen
		} and {
			EBLewis
		} and {
			MLang
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Proceedings of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching}}
		
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Communication in Science Inquiry Project (CISIP): A project to Enhance Scientific Literacy through the Creation of Science Classroom Discourse Communities}}
		,
	author={{
			DBaker
		} and {
			EBLewis
		} and {
			SYasar-Purzer
		} and {
			NBueno Watts
		} and {
			GPerkins
		} and {
			SUysal
		} and {
			SWong
		} and {
			RBeard
		} and {
			MLang
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Environmental & Science Education}}
		
			4
			3
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Revisiting learning difficulties in biology}}
		,
	author={{
			MBahar
		} and {
			AHJohnstone
		} and {
			MHHansell
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Biological Education}}
		
			33
			2
			
			,
	year={1999}
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Can professional development make the vision of standards a reality? The impact of the national science foundation's local systemic change through teacher enhancement initiative}}
		,
	author={{
			EBanilower
		} and {
			DHeck
		} and {
			IWeiss
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Research in Science Teaching}}
		
			44
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Teaching and learning about photosynthesis}}
		,
	author={{
			MBarker
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Science Education Research Unit}}
		
			
			,
	year={1985}
		
		
			University of Waikato
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Photosynthesis -can our pupils see the wood for the trees}}
		,
	author={{
			MBarker
		} and {
			MCarr
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Biological Education}}
		
			23
			1
			
			,
	year={1989}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{Life world and science world: Pupils' ideas about energy}}
		,
	author={{
			PBlack
		} and {
			JSolomon
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Entropy in the school: Proceedings of the 6th Danube seminar on physics education}}
				,
	editor={
			GMarx
		}
		
			,
	year={1983}
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{A cognitive analysis of patterns in science instruction by expert and novice teachers}}
		,
	author={{
			HBorko
		} and {
			MLBellamy
		} and {
			LSanders
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Teachers and teaching: From classroom to reflection}}
				,
	editor={
			TRussel&
			HMunby
		}
		London
		
			,
	publisher={Falmer Press}
			,
	year={1990}
		
	

}

@book{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{The construction of meaning and conceptual change in the classroom: Case studies on energy}}
		,
	author={{
			ABrook
		} and {
			RDriver
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={1986}
			,
	address={Leeds, UK}
		
		
			University of Leeds, Centre for Studies in Science and Mathematics Education
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{Conserving the circus: An alternative approach to teaching and learning about energy}}
		,
	author={{
			ABrook
		} and {
			PWells
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Physics Education}}
		
			23
			
			,
	year={1988}
		
	

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{Preservice elementary teachers' self-efficacy beliefs and their conceptions of photosynthesis and inheritance}}
		,
	author={{
			JCakiroglu
		} and {
			WJBoone
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Elementary Science Education}}
		
			14
			1
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{The effects of computer-assisted material on students' cognitive levels, misconceptions and attitudes towards science}}
		,
	author={{
			S?epni
		} and {
			ETa?
		} and {
			S&köse
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Computers and Education}}
		
			26
			2
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@book{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Instructional policy and classroom performance: The mathematics reform in California (RR-39). Philadelphia: Consortium for Policy}}
		,
	author={{
			DKCohen
		} and {
			HCHill
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={1998}
		
	
	,
	note={Research in Education}

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{What matters most: Teaching for America's future}}
		,
	author={{
			LDarling-Hammond
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{National Commission on Teaching and America's Future}}
				Washington, DC
		
			,
	year={1984}
		
	

}

@incollection{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{The effects of knowledge on elementary science inquiry teaching}}
		,
	author={{
			DCDobey
		} and {
			LEScafer
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Science Education}}
		
			68
			
			,
	year={1984}
		
	

}

@book{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Making sense of secondary science: Research into children's ideas}}
		,
	author={{
			RDriver
		} and {
			ASquires
		} and {
			PRushworth
		} and {
			VWood-Robinson
		}}
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={1994}
			,
	address={New York, NY: Routledge Falmer}
		
	

}

@incollection{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{Science teacher characteristics by teacher behavior and by student outcome: A meta-analysis of research}}
		,
	author={{
			CADruva
		} and {
			RDAnderson
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Research in Science Teaching}}
		
			20
			
			,
	year={1983}
		
	

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Learning the energy concept in school -empirical results from the Phillipines and West Germany}}
		,
	author={{
			RDuit
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Physics Education}}
		
			19
			2
			
			,
	year={1984}
		
	

}

@incollection{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{Transferring not transforming energy}}
		,
	author={{
			MElse
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{School Science Review}}
		
			69
			248
			
			,
	year={1988}
		
	

}

@incollection{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{Making subject matter part of the conversation in learning to teach}}
		,
	author={{
			SFeiman-Nemser
		} and {
			MBParker
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Teacher Education}}
		
			41
			
			,
	year={1990}
		
	

}

@incollection{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{A longitudinal study of learning to use children's thinking in mathematics instruction}}
		,
	author={{
			EFennema
		} and {
			TPCarpenter
		} and {
			MLFranke
		} and {
			LLevi
		} and {
			VRJacobs
		} and {
			SBEmpson
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal for Research in Mathematics Education}}
		
			27
			4
			
			,
	year={1996}
		
	

}

@incollection{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{What makes professional development effective? Results from a national sample of teachers}}
		,
	author={{
			MSGaret
		} and {
			ACPorter
		} and {
			LDesimone
		} and {
			BFBirman
		} and {
			KSYoon
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{American Educational Research Journal}}
		
			38
			4
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{Students' difficulties with energy and related concepts}}
		,
	author={{
			HGoldring
		} and {
			JOsborne
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Physics Education}}
		
			29
			
			,
	year={1994}
		
	

}

@book{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{Defending science? Within reason: between scientism and cynicism}}
		,
	author={{
			SHaack
		}}
		
			,
	year={2003}
			,
	publisher={Prometheus}
			,
	address={Amherst, NY}
		
	

}

@incollection{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{Investigating grade 8 students' conceptions of "energy" and related concepts}}
		,
	author={{
			NHir?a
		} and {
			M?alik
		} and {
			FAkdeniz
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Turkish Science Education}}
		
			5
			1
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{Petroleum and the environment}}
		,
	author={{
			THudson
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Science Teacher}}
		
			72
			9
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{The effects of knowledge integration activities students' perception of the earth's crust as a cyclic system}}
		,
	author={{
			YKali
		} and {
			NOrion
		} and {
			BEylon
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Research in Science Teaching}}
		
			40
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@book{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{Science curriculum topic study}}
		,
	author={{
			PKeeley
		}}
		
			,
	year={2005}
			,
	publisher={Corwin Press and National Science Teachers Association Press}
			,
	address={Thousand Oaks, CA}
		
	

}

@incollection{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{Discourse in science classrooms}}
		,
	author={{
			GKelly
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Handbook of research on science teaching}}
				,
	editor={
			S
			Abell&NLederman
		}
		
			,
	year={2007}
			
		
	

}

@book{b36,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			Nj: LawrenceMahwah
		} and {
			Erlbaum
		}}
		
		
	

}

@book{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{Form and substance in inservice teacher education}}
		,
	author={{
			MMKennedy
		}}
		
			,
	year={1998}
			,
	publisher={National Science Foundation}
			,
	address={Arlington, VA}
		
	

}

@incollection{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{Formal reasoning ability and biological misconceptions concerning geneticsand natural selection}}
		,
	author={{
			AELawson
		} and {
			LDThompson
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Research in Science Teaching}}
		
			25
			
			,
	year={1988}
		
	

}

@incollection{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{Subject matter knowledge, classroom management, and instructional practices of middle school teachers}}
		,
	author={{
			OLee
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Research in Science Teaching}}
		
			32
			
			,
	year={1995}
		
	

}

@incollection{b40,
	
	
		,
	title={{Structural characteristics of university engineering students' conceptions of energy}}
		,
	author={{
			XLiu
		} and {
			JEbenezer
		} and {
			DFraser
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Research in Science Teaching}}
		
			23
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@book{b41,
	
	
		,
	title={{Designing professional development for teachers of science and mathematics}}
		,
	author={{
			SLouks-Horsley
		} and {
			PWHewson
		} and {
			NLove
		} and {
			KEStiles
		}}
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={1998}
			,
	publisher={Corwin Press}
			,
	address={Thousand Oaks, CA}
		
	

}

@incollection{b42,
	
	
		,
	title={{Elementary Teachers' Comprehension of Flooding through Inquiry-based Professional Development and the use of Self-Regulation Strategies}}
		,
	author={{
			EBLewis
		} and {
			Van Der Hoven
		} and {
			KJKraft
		} and {
			NBueno Watts
		} and {
			DRBaker
		} and {
			MJWilson
		} and {
			MLang
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Science Education}}
		
			,
	year={2010. 20 September 2010}
		
	
	,
	note={iFirst}

}

@book{b43,
	
	
		,
	title={{The relationship between a. teacher content and pedagogical content knowledge and student content knowledge of b. heat energy and temperature. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National c. American Association for Research in Science Teaching}}
		,
	author={{
			SMagnusson
		} and {
			HBorko
		} and {
			JSKrajcik
		} and {
			JWLayman
		}}
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={1992}
			,
	address={Boston, MA}
		
	

}

@incollection{b44,
	
	
		,
	title={{Using the earth system for integrating the science curriculum}}
		,
	author={{
			VJMayer
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Science Education}}
		
			79
			
			,
	year={1996}
		
	

}

@book{b45,
	
	
		,
	title={{Global science literacy.Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer. 46. National Board for Professional Teaching Standards}}
		,
	author={{
			VJMayer
		}}
		
			,
	year={2002. 1989}
			,
	publisher={Author}
			,
	address={Washington, DC}
		
	
	,
	note={Toward high and rigorous standards for the teaching profession}

}

@book{b46,
	
	
		,
	title={{National science education standards}}
		
			,
	year={1996}
			,
	publisher={The NationalAcademy Press}
			,
	address={Washington, DC}
		
		
			National Research Council
		
	

}

@book{b47,
	
	
		,
	title={{Inquiry and the national science education standards: A guide Volume XIII Issue W III Version I forteaching and learning, Chapters 2 & 6}}
		
			,
	year={2000}
			,
	publisher={National Academy Press}
			,
	address={Washington, DC}
		
		
			National Research Council
		
	

}

@incollection{b48,
	
	
		,
	title={{An Earth Systems curriculum development model}}
		,
	author={{
			NOrion
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Global science literacy}}
				,
	editor={
			VJMayer
		}
		Dordrecht, the Netherlands
		
			,
	publisher={Kluwer Academic}
			,
	year={2002}
			
		
	

}

@book{b49,
	
	
		,
	title={{Handbook of research on science education}}
		,
	author={{
			NOrion
		} and {
			CRAult
		}}
		
		,
	editor={S. K. Abell and N.G. LedermanEds}
		
			,
	year={2007}
			,
	publisher={Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers}
			,
	address={Mahwah, NJ}
		
	
	,
	note={Learning Earth Sciences}

}

@incollection{b50,
	
	
		,
	title={{Mediterranean models for integrating environmental education and earth sciences through systems education}}
		,
	author={{
			NOrion
		} and {
			WRFortner
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies}}
		
			8
			1
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b51,
	
	
		,
	title={{Using research on teachers' transformations of innovations to inform teacher education. The case of energy degradation}}
		,
	author={{
			RPintó
		} and {
			DCouso
		} and {
			RGutierrez
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Science Education}}
		
			89
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@book{b52,
	
	
		,
	title={{Stabilization wedges game}}
		
		
			,
	year={2009. August 7, 2009}
		
		
			Princeton University Carbon Mitigation Initiative
		
	

}

@incollection{b53,
	
	
		,
	title={{Assessong the quality of undergrdauate education students' writing about learning and teahcing science}}
		,
	author={{
			IRobertson
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Jounral of Science Education}}
		
			26
			9
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@book{b54,
	
	
		,
	title={{Students' conceptions of photosynthesis and food for plants}}
		,
	author={{
			KJRoth
		} and {
			ELSmith
		} and {
			CWAnderson
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={1983}
			,
	address={East Lansing, Michigan}
		
		
			Institute for Research on Teaching, Michigan State University
		
	

}

@book{b55,
	
	
		,
	title={{Promoting discourse and argumentation in science teacher education}}
		,
	author={{
			TSadler
		}}
		
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b56,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Science Teacher Education}}
		
			17
			4
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b57,
	
	
		,
	title={{Merging content knowledge and pedagogy: An interview with Lee Shulman}}
		,
	author={{
			LShulman
		} and {
			DSparks
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Staff Development}}
		
			13
			1
			
			,
	year={1992}
		
	

}

@incollection{b58,
	
	
		,
	title={{Themolecell rules, OK? Aberdeen College of Education}}
		,
	author={{
			MSimpson
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Biology Newsletter}}
		
			42
			
			,
	year={1983}
		
	

}

@incollection{b59,
	
	
		,
	title={{Availability of prerequisite concepts for learning biology at the certificate level}}
		,
	author={{
			MSimpson
		} and {
			BArnold
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Biological Education}}
		
			16
			1
			
			,
	year={1982}
		
	

}

@incollection{b60,
	
	
		,
	title={{Learning about energy: How pupils think in two domains}}
		,
	author={{
			JSolomon
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Science Education}}
		
			5
			
			,
	year={1983}
		
	

}

@incollection{b61,
	
	
		,
	title={{Teaching the conservation of energy}}
		,
	author={{
			JSolomon
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Physics Education}}
		
			20
			
			,
	year={1985}
		
	

}

@incollection{b62,
	
	
		,
	title={{How students aged 13-15 understand photosynthesis}}
		,
	author={{
			RStavy
		} and {
			YEisen
		} and {
			DYaakobi
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Science Education}}
		
			9
			1
			
			,
	year={1987}
		
	

}

@incollection{b63,
	
	
		,
	title={{Textbook errors & misconceptions in biology: photosynthesis}}
		,
	author={{
			DRStorey
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The American Biology Teacher}}
		
			51
			5
			
			,
	year={1989}
		
	

}

@incollection{b64,
	
	
		,
	title={{Developing primary teachers' understanding of energy efficiency}}
		,
	author={{
			MSummers
		} and {
			CKruger
		} and {
			JMant
		} and {
			A&childa
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Educational Research}}
		
			40
			3
			
			,
	year={1998}
		
	

}

@book{b65,
	
	
		,
	title={{A longitudinal study of a constructivist approach to improving primary school teachers' subject knowledge in science, Teaching and Teacher Education}}
		,
	author={{
			MSummers
		} and {
			CKruger
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={1994}
			10
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b66,
	
	
		,
	title={{Students' misunderstanding about the energy conservation principle: A general view to studies in literature}}
		,
	author={{
			ETartar
		} and {
			MOktay
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Environmental & Science Education}}
		
			2
			3
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b67,
	
	
		,
	title={{Development and use of diagnostic tests to evaluate students' misconceptions in science}}
		,
	author={{
			DFTreagust
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Science Education}}
		
			10
			2
			
			,
	year={1988}
		
	

}

@incollection{b68,
	
	
		,
	title={{Some alternative views of energy}}
		,
	author={{
			DMWatts
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Physics Education}}
		
			18
			
			,
	year={1983}
		
	

}

@incollection{b69,
	
	
		,
	title={{The interdisciplinary study of biofuels}}
		,
	author={{
			PWeyman
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Science Teacher}}
		
			76
			2
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b70,
	
	
		,
	title={{150 different ways of knowing: Representations of knowledge in teaching}}
		,
	author={{
			SMWilson
		} and {
			LSShulman
		} and {
			ARichert
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Exploring teachers' thinking}}
				,
	editor={
			JCalderhead
		}
		London
		
			,
	publisher={Cassel Educational Limited}
			,
	year={1988}
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b71,
	
	
		,
	title={{New directions in language and science education research}}
		,
	author={{
			LDYore
		} and {
			BHand
		} and {
			SRGoldman
		} and {
			GMHildebrand
		} and {
			JFOsborne
		} and {
			DFTreagust
		} and {
			CSWallace
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Reading Research Quarterly}}
		
			39
			3
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}