\documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article}\makeatletter

\IfFileExists{xcolor.sty}%
  {\RequirePackage{xcolor}}%
  {\RequirePackage{color}}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{ifxetex}
\ifxetex
  \usepackage{fontspec}
  \usepackage{xunicode}
  \catcode`⃥=\active \def⃥{\textbackslash}
  \catcode`❴=\active \def❴{\{}
  \catcode`❵=\active \def❵{\}}
  \def\textJapanese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK JP}}
  \def\textChinese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK SC}}
  \def\textKorean{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK KR}}
  \setmonofont{DejaVu Sans Mono}
  
\else
  \IfFileExists{utf8x.def}%
   {\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
      \PrerenderUnicode{–}
    }%
   {\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}}
  \usepackage[english]{babel}
  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
  \usepackage{float}
  \usepackage[]{ucs}
  \uc@dclc{8421}{default}{\textbackslash }
  \uc@dclc{10100}{default}{\{}
  \uc@dclc{10101}{default}{\}}
  \uc@dclc{8491}{default}{\AA{}}
  \uc@dclc{8239}{default}{\,}
  \uc@dclc{20154}{default}{ }
  \uc@dclc{10148}{default}{>}
  \def\textschwa{\rotatebox{-90}{e}}
  \def\textJapanese{}
  \def\textChinese{}
  \IfFileExists{tipa.sty}{\usepackage{tipa}}{}
\fi
\def\exampleFont{\ttfamily\small}
\DeclareTextSymbol{\textpi}{OML}{25}
\usepackage{relsize}
\RequirePackage{array}
\def\@testpach{\@chclass
 \ifnum \@lastchclass=6 \@ne \@chnum \@ne \else
  \ifnum \@lastchclass=7 5 \else
   \ifnum \@lastchclass=8 \tw@ \else
    \ifnum \@lastchclass=9 \thr@@
   \else \z@
   \ifnum \@lastchclass = 10 \else
   \edef\@nextchar{\expandafter\string\@nextchar}%
   \@chnum
   \if \@nextchar c\z@ \else
    \if \@nextchar l\@ne \else
     \if \@nextchar r\tw@ \else
   \z@ \@chclass
   \if\@nextchar |\@ne \else
    \if \@nextchar !6 \else
     \if \@nextchar @7 \else
      \if \@nextchar (8 \else
       \if \@nextchar )9 \else
  10
  \@chnum
  \if \@nextchar m\thr@@\else
   \if \@nextchar p4 \else
    \if \@nextchar b5 \else
   \z@ \@chclass \z@ \@preamerr \z@ \fi \fi \fi \fi
   \fi \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi}
\gdef\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
\def\@textsubscript#1{{\m@th\ensuremath{_{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@#1}}}}}
\def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}}
\def\abbr{}
\def\corr{}
\def\expan{}
\def\gap{}
\def\orig{}
\def\reg{}
\def\ref{}
\def\sic{}
\def\persName{}\def\name{}
\def\placeName{}
\def\orgName{}
\def\textcal#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Calligraphy}#1}}
\def\textgothic#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Blackletter}#1}}
\def\textlarge#1{{\large #1}}
\def\textoverbar#1{\ensuremath{\overline{#1}}}
\def\textquoted#1{‘#1’}
\def\textsmall#1{{\small #1}}
\def\textsubscript#1{\@textsubscript{\selectfont#1}}
\def\textxi{\ensuremath{\xi}}
\def\titlem{\itshape}
\newenvironment{biblfree}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{bibl}{}{}
\newenvironment{byline}{\vskip6pt\itshape\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont}{\par }
\newenvironment{citbibl}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docAuthor}{\ifvmode\vskip4pt\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont\fi\itshape}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docDate}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docImprint}{\vskip 6pt}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docTitle}{\vskip6pt\bfseries\fontsize{22pt}{25pt}\selectfont}{\par }
\newenvironment{msHead}{\vskip 6pt}{\par}
\newenvironment{msItem}{\vskip 6pt}{\par}
\newenvironment{rubric}{}{}
\newenvironment{titlePart}{}{\par }

\newcolumntype{L}[1]{){\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{){\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{R}[1]{){\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{P}[1]{){\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{B}[1]{){\arraybackslash}b{#1}}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{){\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\definecolor{label}{gray}{0.75}
\def\unusedattribute#1{\sout{\textcolor{label}{#1}}}
\DeclareRobustCommand*{\xref}{\hyper@normalise\xref@}
\def\xref@#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{#1}}
\begingroup
\catcode`\_=\active
\gdef_#1{\ensuremath{\sb{\mathrm{#1}}}}
\endgroup
\mathcode`\_=\string"8000
\catcode`\_=12\relax

\usepackage[a4paper,twoside,lmargin=1in,rmargin=1in,tmargin=1in,bmargin=1in,marginparwidth=0.75in]{geometry}
\usepackage{framed}

\definecolor{shadecolor}{gray}{0.95}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{marginnote}

\renewcommand{\@cite}[1]{#1}


\renewcommand*{\marginfont}{\itshape\footnotesize}

\def\Gin@extensions{.pdf,.png,.jpg,.mps,.tif}

  \pagestyle{fancy}

\usepackage[pdftitle={Brazil as an Emerging Economic Power: Dynamics \& Implications},
 pdfauthor={}]{hyperref}
\hyperbaseurl{}

	 \paperwidth210mm
	 \paperheight297mm
              
\def\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
\def\@tocrmarg {2.55em}
\def\@dotsep{4.5}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
\clubpenalty=8000
\emergencystretch 3em
\hbadness=4000
\hyphenpenalty=400
\pretolerance=750
\tolerance=2000
\vbadness=4000
\widowpenalty=10000

\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
     {-1.75ex \@plus -0.5ex \@minus -.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\Large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
     {-1.75ex\@plus -0.5ex \@minus- .2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\Large}}
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
     {-1.5ex\@plus -0.35ex \@minus -.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\large}}
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
     {-1ex \@plus-0.35ex \@minus -0.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\normalsize}}
\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
     {1.5ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
     {-1em}%
     {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}}


\def\l@section#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty} \addvspace{1.0em plus 1pt}
 \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup
 \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth 
 \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth 
 \bfseries \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
 \endgroup}
\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
\@ifundefined{c@section}{\newcounter{section}}{}
\@ifundefined{c@chapter}{\newcounter{chapter}}{}
\newif\if@mainmatter 
\@mainmattertrue
\def\chaptername{Chapter}
\def\frontmatter{%
  \pagenumbering{roman}
  \def\thechapter{\@roman\c@chapter}
  \def\theHchapter{\roman{chapter}}
  \def\thesection{\@roman\c@section}
  \def\theHsection{\roman{section}}
  \def\@chapapp{}%
}
\def\mainmatter{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \def\thechapter{\@arabic\c@chapter}
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \pagenumbering{arabic}
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{6}
  \def\@chapapp{\chaptername}%
  \def\theHchapter{\arabic{chapter}}
  \def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}
  \def\theHsection{\arabic{section}}
}
\def\backmatter{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}
  \def\@chapapp{\appendixname}%
  \def\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter}
  \def\theHchapter{\Alph{chapter}}
  \appendix
}
\newenvironment{bibitemlist}[1]{%
   \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
       {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
        \leftmargin\labelwidth
        \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
        \@openbib@code
        \usecounter{enumiv}%
        \let\p@enumiv\@empty
        \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}%
	}%
  \sloppy
  \clubpenalty4000
  \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
  \widowpenalty4000%
  \sfcode`\.\@m}%
  {\def\@noitemerr
    {\@latex@warning{Empty `bibitemlist' environment}}%
    \endlist}

\def\tableofcontents{\section*{\contentsname}\@starttoc{toc}}
\parskip0pt
\parindent1em
\def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}}
\newenvironment{reflist}{%
  \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{}
  {%
   \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}%
   \def\makelabel##1{\itshape ##1}}%
  }
  {\end{list}\end{raggedright}}
\newenvironment{sansreflist}{%
  \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{}
  {%
   \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}%
   \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}%
   \def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}%
  }
  {\end{list}\end{raggedright}}
\newenvironment{specHead}[2]%
 {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}%
  \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}%

  \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}%
  \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}%
  }{}
      \def\TheFullDate{2013-01-15 (revised: 15 January 2013)}
\def\TheID{\makeatother }
\def\TheDate{2013-01-15}
\title{Brazil as an Emerging Economic Power: Dynamics \& Implications}
\author{}\makeatletter 
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{%
  \clearpage
    \if@twoside
    \ifodd\c@page
      \hbox{}\newpage
      \if@twocolumn
        \hbox{}\newpage
      \fi
    \fi
  \fi
}
\makeatother
\makeatletter
\thispagestyle{empty}
\markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author}
\renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
               \topsep 2\p@ plus1\p@ minus1\p@
               \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@
               \itemsep 1pt}
}
\makeatother
\fvset{frame=single,numberblanklines=false,xleftmargin=5mm,xrightmargin=5mm}
\fancyhf{} 
\setlength{\headheight}{14pt}
\fancyhead[LE]{\bfseries\leftmark} 
\fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\rightmark} 
\fancyfoot[RO]{}
\fancyfoot[CO]{\thepage}
\fancyfoot[LO]{\TheID}
\fancyfoot[LE]{}
\fancyfoot[CE]{\thepage}
\fancyfoot[RE]{\TheID}
\hypersetup{citebordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,linkbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,urlbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,bookmarksnumbered=true}
\fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}}

\date{}
\usepackage{authblk}

\providecommand{\keywords}[1]
{
\footnotesize
  \textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1
}

\usepackage{graphicx,xcolor}
\definecolor{GJBlue}{HTML}{273B81}
\definecolor{GJLightBlue}{HTML}{0A9DD9}
\definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70}
\definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} 

\renewenvironment{abstract}{%
   \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright
   \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}}
   \vskip16pt
   \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space}
}{%   
   \vskip8pt
   \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}}
   \vskip16pt
}

\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}

\makeatother 
      \usepackage{lineno}
      \linenumbers
      
\begin{document}

             \author[1]{Usman  Choudry}

             \affil[1]{  International Islamic University, Pakistan}

\renewcommand\Authands{ and }

\date{\small \em Received: 15 December 2012 Accepted: 3 January 2013 Published: 15 January 2013}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


There would only be few countries on face of the earth as rich in natural resources as Brazil. These natural resources ranging from minerals beneath the ground to waters on ground, along with dynamic and charismatic political leadership have paved the way for the rise of Brazil as an economic power within the region as well as in the globe. This rising economic power has facilitated Brazil to acquire enhanced political influence both regionally and globally. The last decade has witnessed an obvious transformation in the stature and character of Brazil and has ushered in an opportunity for this state to emerge as a global economic and political power. This article juxtaposes the dynamics and implications of Brazilian economy with the help of existing literature to highlight the relationship of various factors in the Brazilian economy that plays significant role in the rise of politically powerful Brazil.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{emerging power; natural resources; political influence; BRIC; world politics.}

\begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) 
\textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark}
\end{textblock*}

\begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) 
\textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}}
\end{textblock*}


\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
he modern Brazil emerged out of social, political and economic crisis that hit the South American region in late 1970s. Brazil being the 5th largest country in the world with relatively large population in the region is a significant actor in the regional politics. Brazilians have always dreamt to be one of the great powers in the world \hyperref[b1]{(Baer, 2008)}. However, the widespread economic problems, drugs and other social issues posed obstacle in its way to achieve such high goals. Since President Cordoso took power, Brazilians aspirations to achieve the status of a 'power' not simply became visible but also seemed achievable  {\ref (Cardoso, 2006: 255)}.\par
Owing to various factors, Brazil economy sustained remarkable during the economic recession. Sustained growth along with stability of the economy facilitated Brazil's membership of the G-20 \hyperref[b4]{(Chin, 2010)}. Brazil played significant role in the formation of UNASUR in 2008, a regional bloc and of a prototype of the EU. UNASUR has proved instrumental for regional integration and has transformed the image of the region as fragmented and disintegrated region short of unity  {\ref (Wigell, 2011)}.\par
Brazil has taken lead in greenhouse industrial production to reduce dependence on oil energy, the major cause of global warming. The rising economic strength of Brazil is stretching its sway beyond its shore particularly to Europe and the Middle East \hyperref[b8]{(Davidson, 2012)}. On diplomatic front, Brazil is playing a significant role in mitigating the torrid nature of the Middle East conflict \hyperref[b20]{(Kamrava, 2011)}. There is little doubt that this South American giant is beginning to show its influence within the region and beyond it. It is also willing to play a greater role to become a player in global politics \hyperref[b7]{(Dauvergne \& Farias, 2012)}. 
\section[{II. Brazil as an Emerging Economic Power}]{II. Brazil as an Emerging Economic Power}\par
Brazil's economy is believed to be one of the emerging economies of the new century. It is the economy that has raised the significance of this South American country at the global sociopolitical and economic scene \hyperref[b17]{(Jain, 2006}). Brazil's economy is rated as the ninth largest in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP) in the world, largest in the whole of South America and undoubtedly second in the western hemisphere after U.S. Brazilian has achieved the economic growth following the principles of the liberal market economy which has offered Brazil immense opportunities both within the region and on global level. As part of the BRIC, it is expected that Brazil's economy will outmatch many developed economies (O'Neill, 2008).\par
On account of various natural resources and international economic treaties, the Brazilian economy has established itself as a major force within the region  {\ref (Sotero, 2009)}. Particularly it has negotiated with Argentina and Venezuela to increase regional trade. It also took the initiative for the formation of South American Union. The role of Brazil in WTO Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), economic relations as the new India-Brazil-South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA) and BRIC are manifestation of Brazil's progressing global role \hyperref[b37]{(Schmalz, 2009)}.\par
Brazil like other members of BRIC has taken good advantage of its size and natural resources to gear up industrialization and export oriented economy. Brazil's natural resources contributed a good deal for the growth of its agricultural, mining, manufacturing industries and service sectors \hyperref[b18]{(Jonathan, 2002)}. With capability to balance its import and export, the Brazilian economy has created enormous opportunities for new generation of business professionals (Pricewater house Coopers, 2010). Just like every other developed consumable and industrial products to both developing and developed nations respectively. Brazil's financial institutions were hit by recession but through the effort of its Central Bank, Brazil successfully sailed through the recession (Da Silva, 2012). 
\section[{III. Dynamics of Brazilian Economy}]{III. Dynamics of Brazilian Economy}\par
Brazil by all standards is no more a monoeconomy dominated by agricultural productions; rather it is a diversified economy having almost 60\% of it in the shape of manufactured goods exported. Brazil is the largest country of South America, housing the largest population and economy in the region. It is also the single largest Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the world over. Having the enormous resources and size, Brazil is the world's fifth largest country \hyperref[b1]{(Baer, 2008)}. 
\section[{a) Natural Resources}]{a) Natural Resources}\par
Brazil's numerous natural resources have been the force behind its economic development and have facilitated it to have a significant share in the world gross domestic product \hyperref[b1]{(Baer, 2008)}. Its significance can be rightly comprehended by emphasizing its geography and climatic conditions. Though it shares borders with many other countries, but most importantly it is covered by numerous oceanic islands. The topography of this South American country is diverse, maintaining different levels of land i.e. highlands, plain, hills and mountains \hyperref[b1]{(Baer, 2008)}.\par
Brazil is rich in valuable natural resources which include iron ore, manganese, bauxite, nickel, granite, limestone, clay, sand, tin, gold, platinum, uranium, petroleum, phosphates, timber and hydroelectric power. Brazil is considered as one of the most resourceful country in the world \hyperref[b30]{(Polaski et al., 2009)}. The emerging status of this country in international politics and economy shows that the government has effectively utilized its natural resources along with its effective management of its industry to raise political economic significance of the country \hyperref[b25]{(Mia, 2009)}. 
\section[{b) Water Resources}]{b) Water Resources}\par
Water resources are the hallmark of Brazilian economy. It has numerous and complex water sources. The rivers flow into the Amazon Basin, the Orinoco river system and finally into the Atlantic  {\ref (World Bank, 2004)}. The usefulness of water to Brazil's economy and development goes well with the dictum that there will be no Egypt without the Nile. Brazil has the second largest river in the world accounting for its productivity.\par
The world's surface water resource of Brazil is estimated around 12\%. However it is quite apparent that Brazil shares these water resources with other neighboring countries in the region and this often becomes a source of brawl, as water serves a great deal for generating energy among these countries (European Commission, 2007). The fact that Brazil is bigger than most of its neighbors, therefore its water consumption is naturally higher. This reflects the legitimate concern of neighbors over the disproportionate distribution of water.\par
The Amazon largely flows in Brazil, covering 48\% of country's territory, therefore, it accounts for Brazil's 75\% of freshwater resources. The Amazon has added to the development of Brazil's southeast agricultural and industrial sectors \hyperref[b1]{(Baer, 2008)}. Brazil has three major river basins which include the Amazon, Tocantins, and Sao Francisco. Besides this, Parana, Upper Paraguay, and Uruguay are other sub-basin contributing to the water reserves of the country. On the north and south of Brazil, the Atlantic Ocean is also facilitating sea food, transportation and various other benefits. The Amazon is the largest river, volume wise and the longest after the river Nile \hyperref[b2]{(Butler, 2006)}.\par
Besides agricultural benefits, these water resources play significant role in the power generation sector. The Itaipu dam is manifestation of Brazil's huge infrastructural development. Itaipu hydropower plant serves as a huge resource for power supply to Brazilian economy and society. The Itaipu Hydropower plant accounts for almost 81\% of Brazil's total power generation \hyperref[b24]{(Mejia et al., 2003)}. 
\section[{c) Petroleum}]{c) Petroleum}\par
Brazil is also blessed with fossil fuel by nature (Schwieger, 2009). It is significant to understand that the open market economy adopted by Brazil makes its market accessible to foreign investment particularly in the value added sectors like the oil and gas sector, unlike the Middle East oil rich countries \hyperref[b1]{(Baer, 2008)}. Brazil like many in the region is deeply involved in water oil exploration as well \hyperref[b35]{(Rodriguez \& Suslick, 2009)}.\par
As an estimate, 73\% of Brazil's oil reserves come from deep water oil exploration. Having developed oil industry, the economy of Brazil has been capable of functioning itself effectively even without dependence on oil import. The other sources of energy complement oil industry and offer Brazil a competitive advantage. Brazil is rated as the 15th largest oil producer in the world, which is primarily under the authority of the Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. However, due to its liberal economic practices, Brazil gives license of exploration to both domestic and foreign oil companies and this has contributed to the growth of the industry and the economy at large. Despite this liberalization Petrobras remains a major player with an output of more than 2 million barrels (320,000 m3) of oil equivalent per day (KPMG, 2010). 
\section[{d) Ethanol}]{d) Ethanol}\par
Ethanol fuel is emerging as an alternative source of energy amid the rising climatic concerns  {\ref (Sims et al., 2007)}. This energy is believed to be 
\section[{Global Journal of Human Social Science}]{Global Journal of Human Social Science}\par
Volume XIII Issue W II Version I( D D D D )\par
along with the United States. In perspective of its ethanol fuel production, Brazil is considered as a stakeholder and hegemon of bio-energy (Osava, 2004). As Brazil is the largest sugarcane producer in the world, it is easier to be at edge in production of this energy over rest of the world. According to the data from Odia Online, six Brazilian states are reputable for the production of the 82\% sugarcane which is the major source of Brazil's ethanol  {\ref (Economia, 2007)}.\par
Brazil is a global player and advocate of alternative energy in the world, which helps it reduce dependence on fossil fuel. Following Brazil, many countries have begun alternative energy search after the 1970s oil crisis and the new alternative energy was channeled at liberating the automobile industry from dependence on fossil oil. Ethanol became a popular alternative energy source aiding the Brazilian economy \hyperref[b0]{(Arguello, 2009)}. Meanwhile, as the energy capacity grows, the Brazilian government has been championing the cause of exporting this energy to the rest of the world and has turned out to be its major player in global energy market. The Pró-Álcool or Programa Nacional do Álcool (National Alcohol Program) was a government sponsored project meant to achieve the independence from fossil oil. Ethanol to certain extent liberated Brazil from the claws of oil exporters and cartel countries that can always determine the oil production and export. With the achievements in the field of ethanol, Brazil is undoubtedly becoming a hub for this alternative energy believed to be environment friendly and cost effective in comparison to the huge capital intensive oil exploration and refinery. It is estimated that the production and consumption of this alternative energy will reach 5\% of diesel in 2013. 47\% of Brazil's energy is produced from renewable sources, 18\% of which comes from sugarcane  {\ref (Sruthil, 2009)}. Hence the government plan to further augment its ability to produce ethanol on a large scale depends on the fact that Brazil produces 26 billion liters of ethanol today and will reach 64 billion liters in 2019, and would be in a position to export it. 
\section[{e) Agricultural Resources}]{e) Agricultural Resources}\par
Brazilian economy does not solely depend on mineral resources, but it also have healthy agricultural sector. The latter sector is among the other reasons for which Brazil is known across the world. Its agricultural products include sugarcane, corn, potatoes, cocoa, peanuts, cassava, rice, beef, cattle, pork, soybeans, oranges, wheat, dry beans, coffee, cotton, tomatoes \hyperref[b39]{(Schuh, 2005)}.\par
According to Rostow's five stages of development, agricultural society is the essential step for any society to start with before proceeding to the greater stages of development \hyperref[b36]{(Rostow, 1962)}. Although agriculture does not alone narrates the history of Brazil but it was its integral part that shaped the country's history before colonial rule, during colonialism and in post-independence era. Due to the diversified environments in Brazil, agricultural practices vary from region to region, involving certain pros and cons associated with the ecology of the environments. The Southern Brazil receives substantial rainfall and produces valuable agricultural yields with the help of modern technology. The region is well-known for Brazil's grains and oil seeds and export crops. Unlike the south, the northeast of Brazil where the Amazon lies is characterized by the largest rain forest in the world and produces important forest products and other cash crops for export. On the other end is the Central Brazil with scattered tree and grassland \hyperref[b38]{(Schnepf, 2001)}.\par
As highlighted earlier Brazil produces numerous agricultural products and this makes it a self sufficient country, having 8\% of GDP coming from the agricultural sector and 35\% of Brazil's export rest on this sector. It has also been providing employment opportunity to one-quarter of the labour force. Brazil's agricultural sector is divided between field crop and livestock 60\% and 40\% respectively. Both farm products and livestock have gained global recognition. These products have become competitive alongside other emerging and developed economies. The world of the forest is another symbolic expression of Brazil due to Amazon, but the forest is facing the threat of deforestation and that has received both domestic and international attention \hyperref[b12]{(Frey, 2002)}.\par
Brazil is increasingly becoming a major and biggest exporter of coffee, soybeans, beef, sugar cane, ethanol and frozen meats and chickens. The expansion of the latter industries has given a new meaning to the Brazilian consumers and is responsible for the demand of Brazilian poultry and milk products (EIU, 2010). 
\section[{f) Science \& Technology}]{f) Science \& Technology}\par
It is evident that resources become productive by the application of technology. The rise of any civilization rests on the availability of resources and application of technology, which ultimately contributed in development  {\ref (Tehranian, 2004)}. This is also true for the rise of capitalism as a global order or system  {\ref (Slater, 2003;} {\ref Tehranian, 2004)}. The same logic explains the rise of Brazil. The developments that this country is experiencing are all product of resources and technology. The Brazilian government understood the implications of the dearth of technology for an aspiring economy, and took essential measures accordingly (European Commission, 2007).\par
Research aiding technological advancement is being carried out in most of Brazil's public universities and research institutes with the support of the government. Therefore, an advanced agricultural research corporation is facilitating agribusiness in the country. With the available Uranium in the country, Aerospace Technical Centre have done remarkably well by placing Brazil ahead of other countries in the region. It is believed that Brazil is having one of the best operational synchrotron laboratory, a research facility enhancing applied and natural sciences in the country. All of these technological advancements are facilitating Brazilian economy to excel higher. 
\section[{g) Political Leadership}]{g) Political Leadership}\par
Political leadership with a vision, will-power, character and strength to lead is imperative for the development of any state \hyperref[b21]{(Kaufmann, 2002)}. In this perspective at least two names would be remembered in history. The remarkable achievements associated with the Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva are efforts which for many analysts should be well shared between Lula and his predecessor. Former President Fernando Henrique Cardoso is believed to have laid the foundations for Brazil to enter into the forum of the developed world through various measures and strategic policies. The stabilization of the currency, socio-economic redistribution and welfare programmes are all fundamental policies initiated by Cardoso which were inherited by Lula. Thus, it is worthy to note that Lula's background could also offer an explanation why the Cardoso's path was given full commitment. Lula's humble background and being an adherent of the worker party made him understand the worth and importance of having a developed economic and relatively egalitarian society. Since he came to power, Brazilian economy has continued to experience remarkable changes reflected in all sectors of the country due to reduction in inequality of wealth, accessibility to health and other social services and relative increase in income level around the country \hyperref[b27]{(Neri, 2008)}.\par
The liberal economic policies of President Lula's government paved the way for the World Economic Forum to recognize the achievements of this South American country. According to the Forum's 2009 report, Brazil's economy surpasses many economies and turns out to be eight times more competitive. It has outmatched Russia, a member of G8 and BRIC. Brazil's economy has retained competition in all sectors and continues to project the image of an emerging economic power where both public and private sectors are contributing enormously to the economy (Sala-i-Martin, et al, 2009).\par
It can be contended that Brazil under President Lula has crafted a bright future for itself so much that its economy is becoming invincible in the region and reckonable in the global arena \hyperref[b6]{(Daltorio, 2009}). Lula's political insightfulness owes much to the glory of Brazil as a BRIC member. However though certain view suggests that Lula's predecessor Fernando Henrique Cardoso should be credited as the leader who set the pace for Brazil's economic rise \hyperref[b27]{(Neri, 2008)}. However, Lula is believed to be the only working class president in Latin American history with a distinctive style of governance. The success of this working class president is in discharge from Lula's style of governance and broad based approach to issues \hyperref[b23]{(Love \& Baer, 2009)}. 
\section[{h) Trade}]{h) Trade}\par
Brazil's bilateral and multilateral trade across the globe is increasingly becoming a powerful pillar of the thriving Brazilian economy. Brazil's Latin America trade, Brazil-EU economic relations cannot be underestimated, Brazil-Arab world trade ties, Brazil-South Asia and Brazil-Africa cooperation are all testimony that its economic tentacles is far beyond the realm of South America. According to the Brazil's ministry for development, industry and commerce, the economic and commercial partnership of Brazil with the rest of the world has been noted as remarkable. Brazil's major trade relations in 2008 were with Mercosur and Latin America (25.9\% of trade), EU (23.4\%), Asia (18.9\%), the United States (14.0\%), and others (17.8\%).\par
IV. 
\section[{Implications}]{Implications}\par
The emerging economic significance of Brazil has a various political, economic and social implications for the region and world as well. 
\section[{a) Politically Influential Status}]{a) Politically Influential Status}\par
On account of Brazil's political and economic power, it will not be far to justify the claim that Brazil like India in the subcontinent is becoming a hegemon. But such assertion without constructive evidence will be baseless. The hegemonic power and clout of Brazil evolves around the attainment of commercial supremacy and production efficiency over others in the region and outside South America.\par
The most recent display of Brazil political influence was its ability to spur countries in the region to disengage from disunity and strive to foster integration and cooperation. The birth of UNUSAR was no coincidence but a brainchild of Brazil to encourage regional integration, modeled in the fashion of the EU \hyperref[b34]{(Ribeiro \& Ramos, 2009)}. Similarly, the diplomatic integrity of Brazil on global arena cannot be underestimated. Brazil's role in the Honduras's military cum supremecourt coup against ex-President Manuel Zelaya was a testimony to its regional clout \hyperref[b29]{(Padgett \& Downie, 2009}). Brazil's criticism of Britain and the United Nations over the disputed Falkland Island between Argentina and Britain also manifests that Brazil values highly the territorial integrity of the region \hyperref[b26]{(Naughton \& Elliott, 2010)}. In a similar terrain, the manner with which it 
\section[{Global Journal of Human Social Science}]{Global Journal of Human Social Science}\par
Volume XIII Issue W II Version I( D D D D )\par
meddles into the issue of Colombia-US military bases also reflects how Brazil has flexed its muscle in the face of regional and global powers. 
\section[{b) Emerging Global Economic Power}]{b) Emerging Global Economic Power}\par
Brazil's economic networks have moved beyond the Latin American countries. It has reached the shores of Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. The market size of Brazil makes it more competitive than others and by the measurement of World Economic Forum (2009) Brazil has improved well enough above many economies within Latin America and beyond (Sala-i-Martin, et al., 2009). It is less likely that other emerging or small economies in the region can compete with Brazil. The competitiveness of Brazil is not limited to its economy alone; rather it has also absorbed diplomatic and political power which other countries in the region are far from to acquire.\par
Being a member of global forums like the BRIC, G-20, ABC, BASIC and regional organizations like Mercosur and UNASUR and having both bilateral and multilateral treaties with different countries, Brazil enjoys outstanding edge. The regional and global economic engagements turn out to be important for Brazilian industries and companies \hyperref[b30]{(Polaski et al., 2009)}. The height at which these industries and companies have contributed to regional and global economic transactions got the attention of the U.S financial monitor. The Forbes noted these performances and added as part of Forbes Global 2000 list. The list compared and rated the performance of Brazil's companies with other developed and developing economies, showing strengths of Brazilian economy. 
\section[{c) Social Implications}]{c) Social Implications}\par
As a result of improving political and economic conditions, key social indicators in Brazil have improved over the last decade. The last two governments have paid profound attention for combating poverty. Fome Zero and Bolsa Familia are some of the programs for the amelioration of the disadvantaged.\par
Access to education in the country has ameliorated in the last decade, however regional imbalances still prevail between the North-East and the South and South-East regions, and this is particularly true of higher education. Similarly literacy rates also vary by region and age groups  {\ref (European Commission, 2007)}.\par
Similarly Brazil is spending comparatively higher amount of its GDP on education and health which is gradually getting reflected in the improving social conditions in Brazil. Despite positive signs, there is still lot to be done to raise urban, rural, racial and gender equalities. Similarly access to goods and services should be indiscriminately provided to all groups in society.\par
Brazil has attracted various immigrants in history. However, in the last decade it has been witnessed that due to better economic opportunities, fresh immigrants are coming to Brazil primarily from the region. This also shows Brazil's economic significance in the region.\par
V. 
\section[{Discussions}]{Discussions}\par
Both the agricultural and natural resources along with the financial institutions have remarkably contributed to the living standard of Brazilians. However, it will be misleading to say that all the four corners of Brazil are reaping the dividends of the economic boom  {\ref (Torres, 2008)}. Just like India many parts of Brazil are still not integrated into the economic growth of the country which is distinguished as social apartheid \hyperref[b16]{(Hall, 2002)}. Yet it cannot be ignored that the country's per capita income and gross domestic product have witnessed a dramatic change.\par
Brazil, a giant among the BRIC countries, has gained remarkable strength in world politics mostly due to its economic clout. Rise in economic power generally encourages newer ambitions and interests. This is true for Brazil as a power in South America and an emerging power in global politics \hyperref[b19]{(Kampf, 2009)}. Pushing forward this argument Richard Haass suggested that military, political and diplomatic influence were reflections of an economic foundation \hyperref[b15]{(Haass, 2006)}. Therefore, if Brazil as an integral part of BRIC and a non-permanent member of United Nations Security Council can look into the eyes of the permanent members in view of Iran's nuclear impasses and at the same time upholding a different independent view outside the apparent U.S global clout that speaks a lot of the new image Brazil has created for itself  {\ref (Spektor, 2010)}.\par
Though some believe that cooperation among the bloc members is indispensable and this will determine the continuity of their economic clout. Nevertheless, Brazil is believed to be at advantage over the rest of the BRIC members on certain grounds. It is having more capacity to remain in the manufacturing and service sector on one hand and simultaneously acting as a concentration for resources to be supplied to the rest of the BRIC, though Russia shares some of these features with Brazil as commodity suppliers to China and India. Argument for Brazil and Russia should not be farfetched in that Brazil is having a productive agricultural sector, of which Soy and Sugar are two important cash crops booming its economy. Added to that is the vast reserve of iron ore.\par
The United States is undoubtedly the largest economy in the world but it relies on the network of economies it is connected with. Brazil's economy cannot solely challenge the United States, but in Tony Daltorio's view it has shifted from "basket case" to being as solid as a Brick. Therefore, the investment opportunity that Brazil as part of BRIC is creating is bringing about a shift in attention from Wall Street as the centre of trade and finance to Brazil \hyperref[b6]{(Daltorio, 2009)}.\par
In several respects Brazil is the most balanced state in BRICs. In contrast to China and Russia it is a true democracy. It has no serious conflicts in the neighborhood \hyperref[b33]{(Raj, 2008)}. It is the only BRIC member having no nuclear arsenals. According to Heritage Foundation's Economic Freedom Index, Brazil is moderately free with state guaranteeing protection of property rights and free trade (Heritage Foundation, 2011). One of the significant social aspects is that raised demand for industrial workers, forced poor Chinese and Indian peasants to the city, but that it is not true for Brazil having an estimate of 85\% of its population residing in the cities. Beside Russia which maintains per capita of \$12,000, Brazil's per capita (\$8500) surpasses China and India (\$3000, \$1000) respectively. Brazil has also become a stable democracy after years of authoritarian rule, thus placing it side by side with India. Unlike, Russia, China and India that spend certain part of their budget on maintaining order in trouble areas like Chechnya, Tibet and Kashmir respectively, Brazil is free from such trouble spot, though the fact remains that Brazil like any second country in Latin America suffers the problem of drug related violence.\par
President Lula has portrayed Brazil as the leader of the third world countries having the gut to challenge the often supposedly unchallengeable U.S hegemony in matter concerning the Middle East, whether in the way it positioned itself between Israel and Palestinians or the way it has been handling the Iranian nuclear issues. 
\section[{VI.}]{VI.} 
\section[{Conclusions}]{Conclusions}\par
It can be concluded that Brazil will continue to experience economic growth and will achieve its aim on the global economic and political landscape, if people oriented and liberal market economy is merged together. The natural resources, visionary political leadership, penetration of scientific technologies and geopolitical scenarios have provided the required stimulant to Brazilian economy. Though, the policies of Lula sometimes represent a socialist government, yet having the belief and flair for open market which is propelling development in the country. Nevertheless, in order to really translate the economic boom into political influence Brazil will have to do a lot better strategically in competition with other rising economies.\par
The era of Lula's Brazil is characterized with many issues. As an emerging economy and a country urging to be permanent part of United Nation Security Council, Brazil will have to match economic growth with string diplomatic stamina. Becoming a global player will also require Brazil to have a definite foreign policy consistent with overall global peace and security.  
\section[{Global Journal of Human Social Science}]{Global Journal of Human Social Science}\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_3}Volume}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{Brazil as an Emerging Economic Power: Dynamics \& Implications 2 20} 			\footnote{Year 2013 © 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US) Brazil as an Emerging Economic Power: Dynamics \& Implications} 			\footnote{Year 2013 © 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US) Brazil as an Emerging Economic Power: Dynamics \& Implications} 			\footnote{Year 2013 © 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US) Brazil as an Emerging Economic Power: Dynamics \& Implications} 		 		\backmatter  			 			 			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
\bibitem[ Global Journals Inc. (US) ()]{b13}\label{b13} 	 		\textit{},  	 	 		\textit{Global Journals Inc. (US)}  		2013.  	 
\bibitem[Kampf (2009)]{b19}\label{b19} 	 		\textit{5 Questions with Jonathan Holslag},  		 			David Kampf 		.  		 \url{http://risingpowers.foreignpolicyblogs.com/2009/04/17/5-questionswith-jonathan-holslag}  		April 17. 2009. 2012.  	 	 (Foreignpolicyblog. Retrieved on December 02) 
\bibitem[Schnepf (2001)]{b38}\label{b38} 	 		\textit{Agriculture in Brazil and Argentina: Developments and Prospects for Major Field Crops. Market and Trade Economics Division},  		 			Randall D Schnepf 		.  		 \url{http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/295731/wrs013\textunderscore 1\textunderscore .pdf}  		2001. January 15. 2013. Economic Research Service, U.S.  	 	 (Agriculture and Trade Report. WRS-01-3) 	 (Department of Agriculture. Retrieved on) 
\bibitem[Rodriguez and Suslick ()]{b35}\label{b35} 	 		‘An Overview of Brazilian Petroleum Exploration Lease Auctions’.  		 			M R Rodriguez 		,  		 			S B Suslick 		.  		 \url{http://www.ige.unicamp.br/terrae/V6/PDF-N6/T-a1i.pdf}  	 	 		\textit{TERRAE}  		2009. 2013. 6  (1)  p. .  	 	 (Retrieved on February) 
\bibitem[Daltorio ()]{b6}\label{b6} 	 		\textit{Best Economy in the Americas -Brazil. The Investment U},  		 			Tony Daltorio 		.  		 \url{http://www.investmentu.com/2009/June/brazils-economy.html}  		2009.  	 	 (Retrieved on December 24, 2012 from) 
\bibitem[Arguello (2009)]{b0}\label{b0} 	 		\textit{Brazil and Argentina's Nuclear Cooperation. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace -Proliferation Analysis},  		 			Irma Arguello 		.  		 \url{http://npsglobal.org/eng/component/content/article/106-latin-america-and-caribbean/374-brazil-and-argentinas-nuclear-cooperation.html}  		2009. January 23. 2013.  	 	 (Retrieved on) 
\bibitem[Brazil as an Emerging Economic Power: Dynamics & Implications]{b14}\label{b14} 	 		\textit{Brazil as an Emerging Economic Power: Dynamics \& Implications},  		 	 
\bibitem[Naughton and Elliott (2010)]{b26}\label{b26} 	 		\textit{Brazil attacks UN over Falklands stand-off. The Times Online},  		 			Philippe Naughton 		,  		 			Francis Elliott 		.  		 \url{http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us\textunderscore and\textunderscore americas/article7039257.ece}  		February 24. 2010. September 09. 2012.  	 
\bibitem[Polaski (2009)]{b30}\label{b30} 	 		\textit{Brazil in the Global Economy: Measuring the gains from trade. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and International Labour},  		 			Sandra Polaski 		.  		 \url{http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/brazil\textunderscore global\textunderscore economy.pdf}  		2009. January 25. 2013.  	 	 (Retrieved on) 
\bibitem[Davidson ()]{b8}\label{b8} 	 		\textit{Brazil is the New America: How Brazil offers upward mobility in a collapsing world},  		 			J D Davidson 		.  		2012. John Willey \& Sons Inc.  	 
\bibitem[Padgett and Downie (2009)]{b29}\label{b29} 	 		\textit{Brazil Reluctantly Takes Key Role in Honduras Dispute},  		 			Tim \& Padgett 		,  		 			Andrew Downie 		.  		 \url{http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0}  		September 30, 2009. March 25. 2012. 1926798. 8599.  	 	 (Time Online. 00.html) 
\bibitem[Love and Baer ()]{b23}\label{b23} 	 		\textit{Brazil under Lula: Economy, Politics, and Society under the Worker President},  		 			Joseph L Love 		,  		 			Werner Baer 		.  		2009. 2009. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.  	 
\bibitem[Mejia (2003)]{b24}\label{b24} 	 		\textit{Brazil Water: Water, Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development},  		 			Abel Mejia 		.  		 \url{fromwww.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/cd46/brazil.pdf}  		2003. September 25. 2012.  	 	 (World Bank, Series 4) 
\bibitem[Hall (2002)]{b16}\label{b16} 	 		\textit{Brazil's blacks get affirmative action 114 years after emancipation},  		 			Kevin G Hall 		.  		May 29. 2002. Knight Ridder, Washington, DC.  	 
\bibitem[Kpmg (2010)]{b22}\label{b22} 	 		\textit{Brazil: A world leader in making. Reaction/Chemical Magazine},  		 			Kpmg 		.  		 \url{http://www.kpmg.no/arch/\textunderscore img/9811316.pdf}  		2010. February 01. 2012.  	 
\bibitem[Brazil: Country Strategy Paper ()]{b11}\label{b11} 	 		\textit{Brazil: Country Strategy Paper},  		 \url{http://eeas.europa.eu/brazil/csp/07\textunderscore 13\textunderscore en.pdf}  		2007. 2007-2013. January 30. 2013.  	 
\bibitem[Jonathan (2002)]{b18}\label{b18} 	 		‘Brazil: When an IMF Bailout Is Not Enough’.  		 			Wheatley Jonathan 		.  		 \url{http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/02\textunderscore 35/b3797071.htm}  	 	 		\textit{Business Week}  		2002. 2002-09-02.  	 	 (Retrieved 2008-06-06) 
\bibitem[Pricewaterhousecoopers (2010)]{b31}\label{b31} 	 		\textit{Doing business and investing in Brazil. Sao Paulo},  		 			Pricewaterhousecoopers 		.  		 \url{http://www.pwc.com.br/pt/publicacoes/assets/doing-business-10.pdf}  		2010. November 15. 2011.  	 	 (Retrieved on) 
\bibitem[Raj ()]{b33}\label{b33} 	 		\textit{Economic environment of business and environmental management},  		 			Radha Raj 		.  		2008. India, Nirali Parakshan.  	 
\bibitem[Jain and Chandra ()]{b17}\label{b17} 	 		\textit{Emerging Economies and the Transformation of International Business: Brazil},  		 			Subhash Jain 		,  		 			Chandra 		.  		2006. Russia, India and China: Brics.  	 
\bibitem[Ribeiro and Ramos (2009)]{b34}\label{b34} 	 		‘From Mercosur to Unasur? Geopolitics of South American Integration and the Role of Brazilian Diplomacy’.  		 			Pedro Ribeiro 		,  		 			Felippe Ramos 		.  	 	 		\textit{Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA -ABRI Joint International Meeting},  				 (Rio de Janeiro Campus (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)  		Jul 22, 2009.  		 			Pontifical Catholic University 		 	 
\bibitem[O'neill (2004)]{b28}\label{b28} 	 		‘Goldman Sachs Economic Research’.  		 			Jim O'neill 		.  		 \url{http://www.tierramerica.net/2004/1030/iarticulo.shtml}  	 	 		\textit{Global Economics Paper}  		March 28. 2008 28. 2004. January 23. 2013.  (153) .  	 	 (Brazil -A Bio-Energy Superpower. Tierramérica Report) 	 (Osava, Mario.. Retrieved on) 
\bibitem[Kaufmann ()]{b21}\label{b21} 	 		‘Governance Matters II’.  		 			Daniel Kaufmann 		.  	 	 		\textit{Policy Research Paper}  		2002. 2772. World Bank.  	 
\bibitem[Neri ()]{b27}\label{b27} 	 		\textit{Income Policies, Income Distribution, and the Distribution of Opportunities in Brazil},  		 			Marcelo Neri 		.  		2008. Fundação Getulio Vargas.  	 	 (REDE e EPGE) 
\bibitem[Kamrava ()]{b20}\label{b20} 	 		‘Mediation and Qatari Foreign’.  		 			Mehran Kamrava 		.  	 	 		\textit{Policy Middle East Journal}  		2011. 65  (4) .  	 	 (Retrieved on December 23, 2012 from http://www18.georgetown.edu/data/people/mk556/ publication-61175.pdf) 
\bibitem[Tribune (2012)]{b32}\label{b32} 	 		\textit{Petrobras replaces CEO Gabrielli},  		 			Qatar Tribune 		.  		 \url{http://www.qatar-tribune.com/data/20120123/pdf/business.pdf}  		January 23. 2012. February 09. 2013.  	 	 (Retrieved on) 
\bibitem[Produção nacional de cana-deaçúcar deve crescer 15,2% neste ano. Odia Online Economia ()]{b9}\label{b9} 	 		‘Produção nacional de cana-deaçúcar deve crescer 15,2\% neste ano. Odia Online’.  		 \url{http://odia.terra.com.br/economia/htm/geral\textunderscore 120564.asp}  	 	 		\textit{Economia}  		2007. 2012.  	 	 (Retrieved on November 13) 
\bibitem[Rostow and Whitman ()]{b36}\label{b36} 	 		 			Walt Rostow 		,  		 			Whitman 		.  		\textit{the Stages of Economic Growth},  				 (London)  		1962. Cambridge University Press.  	 
\bibitem[Da Silva and Harris (2012)]{b5}\label{b5} 	 		‘Sailing through the Global Financial Storm: Brazil's recent experience with monetary and macroprudential policies to lean against the financial cycle and deal with systemic risks’.  		 			L A P Da Silva 		,  		 			R E Harris 		.  	 	 		\textit{Working Paper Series}  		August 2012. 290.  	 
\bibitem[Schmalz ()]{b37}\label{b37} 	 		 			Stefan Schmalz 		.  		\textit{Conference Papers --International Studies Association, 2009 Annual Meeting},  				2009.  	 	 (Brazil in the Global Trade System: Towards a New Axis of the South) 
\bibitem[Cardoso and Henrique ()]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		\textit{The Accidental President of Brazil: A Memoir},  		 			Fernando Cardoso 		,  		 			Henrique 		.  		2006. NY: Public Affairs Books.  	 
\bibitem[Butler ()]{b2}\label{b2} 	 		\textit{The Amazon: The World's Largest Rainforest. Mongabay.com / A Place Out of Time: Tropical Rainforests and the Perils They Face},  		 			Rhett A Butler 		.  		2006.  	 	 (Retrieved on May 27, 2012 from http://rainforests. mongabay.com/amazon/) 
\bibitem[Mia (2009)]{b25}\label{b25} 	 		‘The Brazil Competitiveness Report’.  		 			Irene Mia 		.  		 \url{http://www.fdc.org.br/pt/pesquisa/inovacao/competitividade/Documents/brazil\textunderscore competitiveness\textunderscore report\textunderscore 2009.pdf}  	 	 		\textit{World Economic Forum}  		2009. 2009. March 24. 2012.  	 
\bibitem[Baer ()]{b1}\label{b1} 	 		\textit{the Brazilian Economy: Growth and Development},  		 			Werner Baer 		.  		2008. USA, Lynne Rienner.  	 
\bibitem[Chin (2010)]{b4}\label{b4} 	 		‘the Emerging Countries and China in the G20: Reshaping Global Economic Governance’.  		 			Gregory Chin 		.  		 \url{http://www.yorku.ca/ycar/Chin\textunderscore Studia.pdf}  	 	 		\textit{Studia Diplomatica}  		2010. 2010. January 25. 2013. LXIII  (2) .  	 	 (Retrieved on) 
\bibitem[the global power of Brazilian agribusiness Economist Intelligence Unit ()]{b10}\label{b10} 	 		‘the global power of Brazilian agribusiness’.  	 	 		\textit{Economist Intelligence Unit}  		2010.  	 	 (Retrieved on December 28, 2012 from Economist Intelligence Unit) 
\bibitem[Schuh and Edward ()]{b39}\label{b39} 	 		\textit{the Modernization of Brazilian Agriculture. Presented at the 15th Congress of the International Farm Management},  		 			G Schuh 		,  		 			Edward 		.  		2005.  	 
\bibitem[Haass ()]{b15}\label{b15} 	 		‘The Politics of Power: New Forces and New Challenges’.  		 			Richard N Haass 		.  	 	 		\textit{Harvard International Review}  		2006.  	 
\bibitem[Dauvergne et al. ()]{b7}\label{b7} 	 		‘The Rise of Brazil as a Global Development Power’.  		 			Peter Dauvergne 		,  		 			Farias 		,  		 			B L Déborah 		.  		 \url{http://sistemas.mre.gov.br/kitweb/datafiles/IRBr/pt-br/file/CAD/LXII\%20CAD/Temas\%20do\%20EaD/Dauvergne\textunderscore Farias\textunderscore TWQ\textunderscore 2012.pdf}  	 	 		\textit{Third World Quarterly}  		2012. 33  (5)  p. .  	 
\bibitem[Frey ()]{b12}\label{b12} 	 		‘Tropical Deforestation in the Amazon: An Economic Analysis of Rondonia’.  		 			Elaine F Frey 		.  	 	 		\textit{Brazil. Issues in Political Economy}  		2002. 2013. 11.  	 	 (Retrieved on December 23, 2012 from http://org.elon.edu/ ipe/frey1.pdf] Year) 
\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
\end{document}
